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Dr. Morten Kringstad
Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 sport management
0 Sports economics
0 Sport Business
0 Demand for sport
0 Competitive balance

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Short Biography

Dr. Morten Kringstad is an associate professor at NTNU Business School, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway, where he has been employed since 1995. He has a Cand. Merc. from NHH Norwegian School of Economics, Norway (1996) and a PhD from University of Leeds, UK (2008). The main research area is business and economics in professional team sports, with a particular focus on competitive balance and related topics in European football.

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Journal article
Published: 04 March 2021 in Sustainability
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Financial distress has been frequently addressed in the sports business and management literature; however, surprisingly little attention has been devoted to implications for financial viability derived from funding beyond what the Union of European Football Association (UEFA) defines as relevant income in football, henceforth referred to as extraordinary funding. This study critically discusses and reflects upon whether extraordinary funding can contribute to financial viability. To address this issue, we draw on approximately 100 financial statements for Norwegian top division clubs and their cooperating companies for three fiscal years. Results indicate that, although extraordinary funding contributes with sorely needed funds, thus from the outset contributing in making clubs more robust, the manner in which extraordinary funding occurs is still of great importance from a viability perspective. In this respect, it is useful to distinguish clearly between ex ante and ex post funding. While ex post funding can be argued to be counter-productive to financial viability (e.g., cloaking inadequate finances, providing incentives for overspending, and rewarding clubs that overspend), ex ante funding is more in line with sound financial management (e.g., funds that are contingent upon a history of sound finances, incorporated in budgets). One important implication of this study is that ex post funding can contribute to crowding out of good practices, as clubs that overspend can be rewarded for their actions by having funds injected ex post.

ACS Style

Åse Jacobsen; Morten Kringstad; Tor-Eirik Olsen. Extraordinary Funding and a Financially Viable Football Industry—Friends or Foes? A Norwegian Football League Perspective. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2788 .

AMA Style

Åse Jacobsen, Morten Kringstad, Tor-Eirik Olsen. Extraordinary Funding and a Financially Viable Football Industry—Friends or Foes? A Norwegian Football League Perspective. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2788.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Åse Jacobsen; Morten Kringstad; Tor-Eirik Olsen. 2021. "Extraordinary Funding and a Financially Viable Football Industry—Friends or Foes? A Norwegian Football League Perspective." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2788.

Journal article
Published: 02 March 2021 in Sustainability
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Women’s soccer is more popular than ever, but match attendance is still relatively low. In order to develop sustainable revenue streams for women’s football, and help it grow further, it is necessary to understand what drives spectator’s overall demand. We explore factors that affect the overall match experience for spectators (i.e., spectator satisfaction) attending Danish women’s national soccer A-team games in the 2016 to 2019 period as a proxy for this. Using survey data gathered by the Danish Football Association (DBU) consisting of 4010 individuals and 13 matches, coupled with other match-specific data, we employ multilevel regression modelling. The results at the individual level suggest that female spectators are significantly more content with the overall match experience, while several additional factors are also important at the match-specific level, such as kick-off time and the result. Furthermore, there are indications that match significance and derby matches affect overall match experience. An important implication of these results is that they can aid national and international federations and other governing bodies in promoting women’s soccer in general, and women’s national A-team soccer specifically, in order to help the sport to become more financially viable. Although numerous initiatives have been designed to increase the attractiveness of women’s soccer, these are yet to materialize into long-term effects.

ACS Style

Morten Kringstad; Tor-Eirik Olsen; Tor Jakobsen; Rasmus Storm; Nikolaj Schelde. Match Experience at the Danish Women’s Soccer National A-Team Matches: An Explorative Study. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2642 .

AMA Style

Morten Kringstad, Tor-Eirik Olsen, Tor Jakobsen, Rasmus Storm, Nikolaj Schelde. Match Experience at the Danish Women’s Soccer National A-Team Matches: An Explorative Study. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2642.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Morten Kringstad; Tor-Eirik Olsen; Tor Jakobsen; Rasmus Storm; Nikolaj Schelde. 2021. "Match Experience at the Danish Women’s Soccer National A-Team Matches: An Explorative Study." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2642.

Articles
Published: 16 June 2020 in European Sport Management Quarterly
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ACS Style

Morten Kringstad. Comparing competitive balance between genders in team sports. European Sport Management Quarterly 2020, 1 -18.

AMA Style

Morten Kringstad. Comparing competitive balance between genders in team sports. European Sport Management Quarterly. 2020; ():1-18.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Morten Kringstad. 2020. "Comparing competitive balance between genders in team sports." European Sport Management Quarterly , no. : 1-18.

Journal article
Published: 10 January 2018 in Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal
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Purpose Attendance at matches in the smaller European football leagues is challenged by the increased number of live broadcast matches, particularly covering the biggest leagues. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the effects of live broadcasting, match scheduling and other factors on stadium attendance in the top division of Norwegian football. Design/methodology/approach The analysis is based on a fixed effects regression model on attendance at match levels covering the period 2005 to 2011. Findings The main results show two different effects. While live broadcast domestic matches on “free TV” is positively correlated to stadium attendance, the increased number of “imported” matches from the big-five leagues is a substitute. Moreover, matches played on weekdays have a lower level of attendance than weekend matches. Practical implications The increased number of imported live broadcast football matches from the biggest European leagues influences and widens the financial gap between the biggest and the smaller football leagues. One possible solution for reducing the substitution effect from these matches is a more efficient match schedule in the Norwegian top division in football. Originality/value Norway has a small population with a high interest for football. This paper measures effects on attendance in the Norwegian top division in football matches with regards to the increased number of live broadcast matches both from the domestic league and from the big five football leagues.

ACS Style

Morten Kringstad; Harry Arne Solberg; Tor Georg Jakobsen. Does live broadcasting reduce stadium attendance? The case of Norwegian football. Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal 2018, 8, 67 -81.

AMA Style

Morten Kringstad, Harry Arne Solberg, Tor Georg Jakobsen. Does live broadcasting reduce stadium attendance? The case of Norwegian football. Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal. 2018; 8 (1):67-81.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Morten Kringstad; Harry Arne Solberg; Tor Georg Jakobsen. 2018. "Does live broadcasting reduce stadium attendance? The case of Norwegian football." Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal 8, no. 1: 67-81.