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Prof. Lukáš Čechura
Department of Economics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

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0 Efficiency
0 Food Systems
0 Productivity
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Research article
Published: 30 April 2021 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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One of the main aims of European Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has been established on a considerable reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions without any decline in productivity by 2030. This introduces some challenges in the assessment of agricultural technical efficiency. In particular, we can formulate at least two problems that are worth to be addressed: (i) possibility of treating undesirable outputs and (ii) panel data analysis of agricultural technical efficiency enriched by eco-efficiency assessment. In this study, we applied a Window Slack-Based Measurement Data Envelopment Analysis (W-SBM-DEA) model in the presence of undesirable outputs to evaluate the performance of agriculture sector of EU-27 countries during the period from 2008 to 2017. The country-level cultivated agricultural area, labor, specific costs, overheads, and depreciation were considered as the model inputs, and the gross value of country-level crop and livestock products represented the desirable outputs. The agricultural total GHG emissions at the country-level were accounted for as the undesirable output in the model. Having compared the results of different models, the substantial difference in the performance of the EU countries was registered mainly due to incorporating undesirable outputs and window analysis when using SBM-DEA model. The results of eco-efficiency assessment indicated that the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy, and Malta are the most eco-efficient countries with a score higher than 0.90, while the lowest eco-efficiency scores were reported for Slovakia, Latvia, and Estonia. The highest average eco-efficiency scores of all EU members were registered in 2011 (0.82), 2012 (0.83), and 2017 (0.84). A comparison of eco-efficiency performance between the old and new EU members indicated that the greater scores were obtained by old EU members. The variability assessment results showed a low variability and subsequently a high stability in the European agricultural sector, particularly in the Netherlands, Italy, and Malta. Based on our findings, it was concluded that for assessing agricultural technical efficiency in European agriculture in the context of eco-efficiency, application of a W-DEA model with undesirable output for a specified period of time reduces the impacts of temporary changes and provides more realistic results when comparing to models without undesirable output. These more realistic assessments of technical efficiency could help policy-makers to make more precise decisions.

ACS Style

Seyyed Hassan Pishgar-Komleh; Lukáš Čechura; Elena Kuzmenko. Investigating the dynamic eco-efficiency in agriculture sector of the European Union countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Seyyed Hassan Pishgar-Komleh, Lukáš Čechura, Elena Kuzmenko. Investigating the dynamic eco-efficiency in agriculture sector of the European Union countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021; ():1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Seyyed Hassan Pishgar-Komleh; Lukáš Čechura; Elena Kuzmenko. 2021. "Investigating the dynamic eco-efficiency in agriculture sector of the European Union countries." Environmental Science and Pollution Research , no. : 1-13.

Original article
Published: 29 April 2021 in EuroChoices
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Countries from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) that joined the European Union (EU) since May 2004 have recorded rapid increases in their agri‐food exports. While this increase in participation in international trade has been global, the CEE‐11 countries have mainly targeted the EU market. Poland, Hungary, Czechia and Romania are among those countries that have increased their agri‐food exports the most. We find that many CEE‐11 countries, especially Czechia and the Slovak Republic, Estonia, Hungary and Poland, have achieved their export expansion along the intensive margin, i.e. the expansion of average exports per existing product with existing trade partners. The extensive margin, i.e. an increase in the number of exported products with existing and new trade partners, along with a degree of product diversification in established markets was important for Lithuania, Romania and Estonia. We also note that in order to further benefit from an increased participation in trade, CEE countries need to switch from predominantly exporting traditional products towards penetrating more innovative product segments, along with new varieties of established products; and thus base their export expansion to a larger extent on the extensive margin.

ACS Style

Štefan Bojnec; Lukáš Čechura; Jan Fałkowski; Imre Fertő. Agri‐ food Exports from Central‐ and Eastern‐European Member States of the European Union are Catching Up. EuroChoices 2021, 20, 11 -19.

AMA Style

Štefan Bojnec, Lukáš Čechura, Jan Fałkowski, Imre Fertő. Agri‐ food Exports from Central‐ and Eastern‐European Member States of the European Union are Catching Up. EuroChoices. 2021; 20 (1):11-19.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Štefan Bojnec; Lukáš Čechura; Jan Fałkowski; Imre Fertő. 2021. "Agri‐ food Exports from Central‐ and Eastern‐European Member States of the European Union are Catching Up." EuroChoices 20, no. 1: 11-19.

Journal article
Published: 08 February 2021 in Sustainability
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The paper provides findings on the technical efficiency of the European dairy processing industry, which is one of the most important subsectors of the food processing industry in the European Union (EU). The ability to efficiently use inputs in the production of outputs is a prerequisite for the sustainability and competitiveness of the agri-food sector as well as for food security. Thus, the aim of this paper is to provide a robust estimate of technical efficiency by employing new advances in productivity and efficiency analysis, and to investigate the efficiency of input use in 10 selected European countries. The analysis is based on two-stage stochastic frontier modelling incorporating country-specific input distance function (IDF) estimates and a meta-frontier input distance function estimate, both in specification of the four-component model, which currently represents the most advanced approach to technical efficiency analysis. To provide a robust estimate of these models, the paper employs methods that control for the potential endogeneity of netputs in the multi-step estimation procedure. The results, based on the Amadeus dataset, reveal that companies manufacturing dairy products greatly exploited their production possibilities in 2006–2018. The dairy processing industry in the analysed countries cannot generally be characterized by a considerable waste of resources. The potential cost reduction is estimated at 4%–8%, evaluated on the country samples mean. The overall technical inefficiency (OTE) is mainly a result of short-term shocks and unsystematic failures. However, the meta-frontier estimates also reveal a certain degree of systematic failure, e.g., permanent managerial failures and structural problems in European dairy processing industry.

ACS Style

Lukáš Čechura; Zdeňka Kroupová. Technical Efficiency in the European Dairy Industry: Can We Observe Systematic Failures in the Efficiency of Input Use? Sustainability 2021, 13, 1830 .

AMA Style

Lukáš Čechura, Zdeňka Kroupová. Technical Efficiency in the European Dairy Industry: Can We Observe Systematic Failures in the Efficiency of Input Use? Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):1830.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lukáš Čechura; Zdeňka Kroupová. 2021. "Technical Efficiency in the European Dairy Industry: Can We Observe Systematic Failures in the Efficiency of Input Use?" Sustainability 13, no. 4: 1830.

Journal article
Published: 18 May 2017 in Pacific Economic Review
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The present study analyses firm heterogeneity and sector-specific technology. The theoretical model stands on the assumption of maximizing the return on capital and overcomes problems involved in simple profit maximization. The results show that a random parameter model with sector dummies and heteroscedasticity is the most appropriate model specification for distinguishing firm-level and sector-level efficiency and heterogeneity. The heterogeneity among firms as well as among sectors was found to be an important characteristic in Czech food processing. This holds for production technology as well as for technical efficiency. Moreover, the decomposition of total variance shows that intrasectoral differences in technologies are much more pronounced than the intersectoral differences. The differences in intrasector heterogeneity also suggest that the food processing industry will be subject to accelerated structural change in the coming years. Moreover, we found that on average the companies highly exploit their production possibilities. However, some companies cannot keep pace with competitors. Because leapfrogging does not appear to be present in selected industries (except for Milling), structural change is expected to occur in such a way that the most successful companies will strengthen their position.

ACS Style

Lukáš Čechura; Heinrich Hockmann. Heterogeneity in Production Structures and Efficiency: An Analysis of the Czech Food Processing Industry. Pacific Economic Review 2017, 22, 702 -719.

AMA Style

Lukáš Čechura, Heinrich Hockmann. Heterogeneity in Production Structures and Efficiency: An Analysis of the Czech Food Processing Industry. Pacific Economic Review. 2017; 22 (4):702-719.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lukáš Čechura; Heinrich Hockmann. 2017. "Heterogeneity in Production Structures and Efficiency: An Analysis of the Czech Food Processing Industry." Pacific Economic Review 22, no. 4: 702-719.

Journal article
Published: 14 September 2016 in Journal of Agricultural Economics
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The paper explores and analyses the catching up and falling behind processes in the European dairy sector over the period 2004–2011, using a stochastic metafrontier multiple output distance function for 24 EU Member States. The metafrontier estimates reveal considerable productivity differences in milk production across the EU at the regional (NUTS-2) level. Milk yield per cow is the highest in the old Member States, especially in those regions located in the northwest of the EU, while the lowest productivity is observed in Eastern Europe. The same structure was found for both the TFP (Total Factor Productivity) levels and TFP growth. Moreover, the results for technical change suggest that farm sizes are not optimal in many regions in Central and Eastern Europe from a dynamic perspective. The comparative analysis suggests that in the new compared to the old Member States, fewer farms could benefit from the movement of the frontier. Moreover, there are no signs that poorly performing farms are catching up with the best performing farms in the EU regions/countries.

ACS Style

Lukas Cechura; Aaron Grau; Heinrich Hockmann; Inna Levkovych; Zdenka Kroupova. Catching Up or Falling Behind in European Agriculture: The Case of Milk Production. Journal of Agricultural Economics 2016, 68, 206 -227.

AMA Style

Lukas Cechura, Aaron Grau, Heinrich Hockmann, Inna Levkovych, Zdenka Kroupova. Catching Up or Falling Behind in European Agriculture: The Case of Milk Production. Journal of Agricultural Economics. 2016; 68 (1):206-227.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lukas Cechura; Aaron Grau; Heinrich Hockmann; Inna Levkovych; Zdenka Kroupova. 2016. "Catching Up or Falling Behind in European Agriculture: The Case of Milk Production." Journal of Agricultural Economics 68, no. 1: 206-227.

Journal article
Published: 30 March 2016 in Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics
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ACS Style

Michal Malý; Fem De; Zdenka Žáková Kroupová; Lukáš Čechura; Pavlína Hálová; Michaela Havlikova. Identification and Valuation of Public Goods within the Vertical of Cattle Breeding. Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics 2016, VIII, 69 -82.

AMA Style

Michal Malý, Fem De, Zdenka Žáková Kroupová, Lukáš Čechura, Pavlína Hálová, Michaela Havlikova. Identification and Valuation of Public Goods within the Vertical of Cattle Breeding. Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics. 2016; VIII (1):69-82.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michal Malý; Fem De; Zdenka Žáková Kroupová; Lukáš Čechura; Pavlína Hálová; Michaela Havlikova. 2016. "Identification and Valuation of Public Goods within the Vertical of Cattle Breeding." Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics VIII, no. 1: 69-82.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2016 in Journal of Central European Agriculture
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ACS Style

Kateřina Matulová; Lukáš Čechura. Technological heterogeneity, technical efficiency and subsidies in Czech agriculture. Journal of Central European Agriculture 2016, 17, 447 -466.

AMA Style

Kateřina Matulová, Lukáš Čechura. Technological heterogeneity, technical efficiency and subsidies in Czech agriculture. Journal of Central European Agriculture. 2016; 17 (2):447-466.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kateřina Matulová; Lukáš Čechura. 2016. "Technological heterogeneity, technical efficiency and subsidies in Czech agriculture." Journal of Central European Agriculture 17, no. 2: 447-466.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2015 in Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis
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ACS Style

Barbora Hřebíková; Lukáš Čechura. An Analysis of the Impacts of Weather on Technical Efficiency in Czech Agriculture. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 2015, 63, 1645 -1652.

AMA Style

Barbora Hřebíková, Lukáš Čechura. An Analysis of the Impacts of Weather on Technical Efficiency in Czech Agriculture. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis. 2015; 63 (5):1645-1652.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Barbora Hřebíková; Lukáš Čechura. 2015. "An Analysis of the Impacts of Weather on Technical Efficiency in Czech Agriculture." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 63, no. 5: 1645-1652.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2014 in Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics
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ACS Style

Lukas Cechura; Heinrich Hockmann; Zdeňka Malá; Michal Maly. PRODUCTIVITY AND EFFICIENCY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CZECH AND SLOVAK MILK PRODUCERS. Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics 2014, 17, 17 -21.

AMA Style

Lukas Cechura, Heinrich Hockmann, Zdeňka Malá, Michal Maly. PRODUCTIVITY AND EFFICIENCY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CZECH AND SLOVAK MILK PRODUCERS. Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics. 2014; 17 (2):17-21.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lukas Cechura; Heinrich Hockmann; Zdeňka Malá; Michal Maly. 2014. "PRODUCTIVITY AND EFFICIENCY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CZECH AND SLOVAK MILK PRODUCERS." Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics 17, no. 2: 17-21.

Journal article
Published: 27 December 2012 in Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie
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The study considers the simultaneous estimation of share equations using cost and distance functions. Simultaneous rather than single system estimation utilizes full as opposed to limited information. Econometric results exploit the nonstationary nature of the data and that variables are cointegrated. Under cointegration all variables are endogenous and so it is not necessary to undertake the somewhat ad hoc exercise of choosing instruments to achieve parameter consistency. Johansen's maximum likelihood estimator is applied to data from Central Canada and Western Canada (1935–2006). Symmetry and homogeneity restrictions are not rejected for either region. Monotonicity held for all data points and concavity held at 92% of the data points. Long-run constant returns and Hicks neutral technological change are rejected for both regions. Morishima elasticity estimates coming from the cost function in Western Canada indicate highly elastic long-run substitution between the land/fertilizer input pair and mildly elastic long-run substitution between land and both machinery and labor. In contrast, substitution for land and other inputs is inelastic for the land/machinery pair and the land/labor pair, with only the land/fertilizer pair being mildly elastic. The results indicate the limiting nature of land as a fundamental constraint on long-term agricultural production is a real possibility in Central Canada because other inputs are inelastic, or at best only mildly elastic, substitutes for land. In Western Canada, fertilizer is the only factor that is highly substitutable for land and, therefore, could mitigate the limiting nature of land in that region. However, given that fertilizer applications are often considered to be environmentally unfriendly, the long-run substitution of fertilizer for land as a fundamental mitigating factor to land scarcity in Western Canada is at a cost to the environment. La présente étude porte sur l'estimation simultanée des parts des coûts des intrants associées aux fonctions de coût et de distance. L'estimation de systèmes d’équations, contrairement à l'estimation d'une équation, utilise toute l'information disponible. Les résultats économétriques exploitent la nature non stationnaire des données et le fait que les variables sont cointégrées. Par conséquent, toutes les variables sont endogènes et il n'est pas nécessaire de choisir des instruments pour estimer de façon cohérente les paramètres. L'estimateur du maximum de vraisemblance proposé par Johansen est appliqué aux données recueillies dans le Centre et l’Ouest du Canada (de 1935 à 2006). Les contraintes de symétrie et d'homogénéité ne sont pas rejetées pour l'une ou l'autre des régions. La monotonicité est maintenue à toutes les observations tandis que la concavité est vérifiée pour 92 % des observations. Les rendements constants à long terme et le progrès technique neutre au sens de Hicks sont rejetés pour les deux régions. Les estimations de l’élasticité de Morishima découlant de la fonction de coût dans l’Ouest du Canada indiquent une élasticité de substitution à long terme très élevée pour la paire d'intrants terres-engrais et une élasticité de substitution à long terme modérément élevée pour les paires d'intrants terres-équipement et terres-main-d’œuvre. Par contre, la substitution pour les terres et autres intrants est inélastique pour la paire terres-équipement et la paire terres-main-d’œuvre, et modérément élastique pour la paire terres-engrais. Les résultats montrent que la nature limitative des terres comme principale contrainte de la production agricole à long terme est une réelle possibilité dans le Centre du Canada puisque les autres intrants sont des substituts inélastiques, ou au mieux modérément élastiques, pour les terres. Dans l’Ouest du Canada, les engrais sont le seul facteur qui est hautement substituable pour les terres et qui, par conséquent, pourrait atténuer la nature limitative des terres dans cette région. Toutefois, compte tenu du fait que les applications d'engrais sont souvent jugées comme étant non respectueuses de l'environnement, la substitution à long terme des terres par des engrais comme facteur atténuant essentiel à la rareté des terres dans l’Ouest du Canada a un impact sur l'environnement.

ACS Style

J. Stephen Clark; Lukas Cechura; David R. Thibodeau. Simultaneous Estimation of Cost and Distance Function Share Equations. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie 2012, 61, 559 -581.

AMA Style

J. Stephen Clark, Lukas Cechura, David R. Thibodeau. Simultaneous Estimation of Cost and Distance Function Share Equations. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie. 2012; 61 (4):559-581.

Chicago/Turabian Style

J. Stephen Clark; Lukas Cechura; David R. Thibodeau. 2012. "Simultaneous Estimation of Cost and Distance Function Share Equations." Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie 61, no. 4: 559-581.