All living organisms are made of individual and identifiable cells, whose number, together with their size and type, ultimately defines the structure and functions of an organism. While the total cell number of lower organisms is often known, it has not yet been defined in higher organisms. In particular, the reported total cell number of a human being ranges between 10(12) and 10(16) and it is widely mentioned without a proper reference. To study and discuss the theoretical issue of the total number of cells that compose the standard human adult organism. A systematic calculation of the total cell number of the whole human body and of the single organs was carried out using bibliographical and/or mathematical approaches. A current estimation of human total cell number calculated for a variety of organs and cell types is presented. These partial data correspond to a total number of 3.72 × 10(13). Knowing the total cell number of the human body as well as of individual organs is important from a cultural, biological, medical and comparative modelling point of view. The presented cell count could be a starting point for a common effort to complete the total calculation.
For several years, the detection of gait has been popularly implemented using wearable sensors, especially in the sports and medical areas. They are unobtrusive devices which allow to monitor individuals without the need of any ambulatory technology. Despite the fact, the optimal location of the sensor remains uncertain and dependent on the type of measurement. Ear-worn sensors provide a tactical position, robust against movement, that might be significant for gait classification. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of in-ear accelerometer sensor to perform gait classification, between the activities walking and running. The data was collected from fourteen participants using an in-ear sensor called ‘Cosinussº One’, which contains a three-dimensional accelerometer sensor. The main characteristics between these two activities were detected using 17 time domain features, as for instance the maximums and standard deviations of the 3-axes, and 3 different window sizes were evaluated: 3.75s, 2s and 1s. Support vector machine (SVM) and k-nearest neighbors (KNN) classifiers were implemented and later compared. The total number of features was reduced to 6 for SVM and 12 for KNN preserving the same results. An accuracy over 99% for both classifiers was achieved, outperforming most of the previous studies.