Aminoglycoside or colistin therapy may alter the renal tubular function without decreasing the glomerular filtration rate. This association has never been extensively investigated. We conducted a systematic review of the literature following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses recommendations. Databases searched included United States National Library of Medicine, Excerpta Medica, and Web of Science. For the final analysis, we evaluated 46 reports, published after 1960, describing 82 cases. A total of 286 electrolyte and acid-base disorders were reported. Hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia, and hypocalcemia were reported in more than three quarter of cases. Further disorders were, in decreasing order of frequency, metabolic alkalosis, hyponatremia, hypophosphatemia, hypouricemia, hypernatremia, and metabolic acidosis. Six electrolyte and acid-base disorders were reported in seven cases, five in 12 cases, four in 16 cases, three in 31 cases, two in 11 cases, and one in five cases. Laboratory features consistent with a loop of Henle/distal tubular dysfunction were noted in 56 (68%), with a proximal tubular dysfunction in three (3.7%), and with a mixed dysfunction in five (6.1%) cases. The laboratory abnormality was unclassified in the remaining 18 (22%) cases. Treatment with aminoglycosides or colistin may trigger a proximal tubular or, more frequently, a loop of Henle/distal tubular dysfunction.

Acute hemorrhagic edema of young children, a benign skin-limited vasculitis, predominantly affects children 2 years of age or younger. The prevalence and clinical features of the Köbner and Pastia signs have never been systematically investigated in this vasculitis. To address this issue, we analyzed the data contained in the Acute Hemorrhagic Edema Bibliographic Database, which incorporates all reports on hemorrhagic edema published after 1969. A total of 339 cases (236 males and 103 females; 11 (8–18) months of age; median and interquartile range) were documented with at least 1 photograph and therefore included in this analysis. The Köbner sign occurred in 24 cases (14 males and 10 females; 11 (7–17) months of age), the Pastia sign in 51 cases (39 males and 12 females; 11 (8–15) months of age), and both Köbner and Pastia signs in 8 cases (7 males and 1 female; 11 (7–17) months of age). The lower legs, thighs, waistline, and groin were the regions that were most commonly affected with the Köbner sign, while the ankle, feet, cubital fossa, and elbow were most affected with the Pastia sign. The Köbner and Pastia signs are clinically relevant; they occur in about every fourth child affected with hemorrhagic edema and do not influence the disease progression.