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Dr. Roula Khadra
CIHEAM Bari

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0 Irrigation Design
0 Water infrastructure
0 Irrigation efficiency
0 Irrigation engineering
0 water governance

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Journal article
Published: 16 July 2021 in Computers and Electronics in Agriculture
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Double ring infiltrometer is a simple device used to measure water infiltration rate in the soil, one of the most important hydro physical characteristics and an essential parameter for various applications including: surface irrigation and drainage projects, infiltration or water purification basins, seepage losses at canals, soil leaching at waste storage sites. However, the high spatial variability of a soil makes a single point measurement rarely representative of an entire field. Nonetheless, Double Ring Infiltration tests are tedious, time consuming and require continuous attention, hence limiting the number of tests that may be performed simultaneously on a given site. In the present research, an automated Internet of Things (IoT) double ring infiltrometer (DRI) is developed and validated in a loamy field. It consists of a DRI equipped with an ESP-32 microcontroller chip, a GPS module, a solenoid valve, a DIY conductance water level sensor, and a SD card module powered by a 12 V 11000mAh Li-ion battery charged by a 10 W solar panel. The double ring infiltrometer is designed to calculate the infiltration rate in real time, to store the data with the time stamp and geographical coordinates on an SD card or, to use a cloud service platform to upload the data over the internet. The aim is to facilitate soil infiltration mapping for precision agriculture and to build a soil infiltration inventory that could be used to continuously improve existing soil database. The system was assembled and tested at nine different locations on a loamy soil experimental field. For validation, conventional (manually operated) tests were conducted at the same time. The system proved to be reliable (R2 = 0.99), cost effective (115$) and a hassle-free solution, ideal for multiple soil infiltration measurements.

ACS Style

Ahmed A. Abdelmoneim; Andre Daccache; Roula Khadra; Mayank Bhanot; Giovanna Dragonetti. Internet of Things (IoT) for double ring infiltrometer automation. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 2021, 188, 106324 .

AMA Style

Ahmed A. Abdelmoneim, Andre Daccache, Roula Khadra, Mayank Bhanot, Giovanna Dragonetti. Internet of Things (IoT) for double ring infiltrometer automation. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 2021; 188 ():106324.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed A. Abdelmoneim; Andre Daccache; Roula Khadra; Mayank Bhanot; Giovanna Dragonetti. 2021. "Internet of Things (IoT) for double ring infiltrometer automation." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 188, no. : 106324.

Journal article
Published: 14 June 2021 in Sustainability
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In response to the impact of climate change and to the uncertainties associated with the various dimensions of hydrologic variability, water systems’ adaptation has risen to the top of global agendas. In accordance, identifying the additional science needed to improve our understanding of climate change and its impacts, including the scientific advances needed to improve the effectiveness of actions taken to adapt water systems, is of the utmost importance. To this aim, this research draws on a systematic bibliometric study of data, generated from the Web of Science research engine between 1990 and 2019, combined with a statistical analysis, to explore academic publication trends, and identify the strategic gaps and opportunities in global scientific research. The analysis shows the consistent level of national and international collaboration among authors, institutions, and countries, and highlights the substantial contribution of the USA and the UK to this research field. The statistical examination shows that the adaptation-informed literature on water systems remains fragmented, and predominantly centred on the framing of water resource planning and management, in addition to water engineering and infrastructure. The analysis also revealed a relatively skewed understanding of various important dimensions, such as governance, integrated water resources management, and stakeholder engagement, which are crucial for planning and implementing an efficient adaptation process. Observations reflect on the need to build water-related adaptive approaches based on a thorough understanding of potential climate uncertainties, rather than to generically address all the uncertainties in one scenario analysis. These approaches are required to combine short and longterm actions rather than considering only current and short-term measures, and to similarly associate policy and engineering, and equally consider the robustness, flexibility, reliability, and vulnerability during the planning phase.

ACS Style

Aymen Sawassi; Roula Khadra. Bibliometric Network Analysis of “Water Systems’ Adaptation to Climate Change Uncertainties”: Concepts, Approaches, Gaps, and Opportunities. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6738 .

AMA Style

Aymen Sawassi, Roula Khadra. Bibliometric Network Analysis of “Water Systems’ Adaptation to Climate Change Uncertainties”: Concepts, Approaches, Gaps, and Opportunities. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (12):6738.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aymen Sawassi; Roula Khadra. 2021. "Bibliometric Network Analysis of “Water Systems’ Adaptation to Climate Change Uncertainties”: Concepts, Approaches, Gaps, and Opportunities." Sustainability 13, no. 12: 6738.

Original paper
Published: 16 April 2021 in Irrigation Science
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Traditional static design approaches are often challenged by multifaceted uncertainties such as climate change, future demand, supply options, high-tech opportunities as well as budgetary constraints. However, robust approaches that incorporate the option of flexibility combined with optimization advances are likely to meet threshold performance criteria with the least amount of associated expenses. To this aim, several countries have started the process of modernizing their irrigation schemes, foreseeing their on-demand operation. The re-modernized schemes are facing the challenge of the inadequacy of the service reported by the users/ratepayers, whose livelihoods are threatened by it as they mainly rely on agricultural production, and the sustainability of the modernization process. This study develops an adaptive framework that applies a two-pronged approach: it incorporates, on the one hand, a qualitative analysis through a rapid appraisal procedure (RAP) that fills the big data-gap issue, and a top–down approach on the other hand, mainly based on an iterative process that assesses the correlation between the flexibility of the service provided under uncertainties, as well as the financial feasibility. The latter is associated with the sensitive parameters of Clément’s first formula mainly used in the Mediterranean Region to design on-demand irrigation systems, and more specifically: the elasticity assigned at the feed hydrant of the distribution network, the coefficient of utilization of the network in the peak period, and the quality of the service. Applied to a Tunisian case study, the results clearly show that when adequately combining the flexibility levels of these parameters, an optimal quality service may be achieved with an average cost increment ranging between 13 and 16%, with a view of proactively increasing the resilience of the irrigators’ community.

ACS Style

Aymen Sawassi; Roula Khadra; Nicola Lamaddalena. Assessing the correlation between service flexibility and the cost of modernized large-scale pressurized irrigation systems: a perspective of resilience. Irrigation Science 2021, 1 -14.

AMA Style

Aymen Sawassi, Roula Khadra, Nicola Lamaddalena. Assessing the correlation between service flexibility and the cost of modernized large-scale pressurized irrigation systems: a perspective of resilience. Irrigation Science. 2021; ():1-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aymen Sawassi; Roula Khadra; Nicola Lamaddalena. 2021. "Assessing the correlation between service flexibility and the cost of modernized large-scale pressurized irrigation systems: a perspective of resilience." Irrigation Science , no. : 1-14.

Special series
Published: 03 July 2020 in Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management
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The use of treated wastewater (TWW) as an alternative resource to freshwater (FW) for irrigation purposes is becoming increasingly important, especially in semiarid and arid regions. However, achieving success in crop production largely depends on the adoption of appropriate on‐farm management strategies aimed at optimizing crop yields, maintaining soil productivity and safeguarding the environment. For this purpose, predictive models are of particular interest. A safe irrigation management (SIM) model developed and tested in this research was used to schedule irrigation under controlled management tailored to the use of i) TWW and ii) FW and to reproduce farmers’ strategies. These management strategies aim to improve actual irrigation practices, accounting for water quality, soil characteristics and crop yield. The results of the application of SIM on a citrus farm in Souss‐Massa, Morocco, show that the management strategy adopted by farmers withdraws considerable amounts of water and results in substantial drainage volumes compared to those in the SIM strategy. In the specific case of TWW, the strategy simulated by the SIM model resulted in a decrease in yield of approximately 4%, compared to the 23% decrease derived from the farmers’ traditional strategy. Moreover, SIM allowed for great savings in terms of fertilizing elements and for the reduction in the movement of water and salts beyond the root zone, usually considered the main source of groundwater contamination. These results confirm the appropriateness of using prediction models and the accuracy of the SIM model in adapting irrigation strategies to TWW, which will be an integral part of the strategies that encourage their use in irrigated agriculture. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

ACS Style

Giovanna Dragonetti; Roula Khadra; André Daccache; Abdellah Oubelkacem; Redouane Choukr‐Allah; Nicola Lamaddalena. Development and Application of a Predictive Model for Treated Wastewater Irrigation Management in a Semiarid Area. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 2020, 16, 910 -919.

AMA Style

Giovanna Dragonetti, Roula Khadra, André Daccache, Abdellah Oubelkacem, Redouane Choukr‐Allah, Nicola Lamaddalena. Development and Application of a Predictive Model for Treated Wastewater Irrigation Management in a Semiarid Area. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management. 2020; 16 (6):910-919.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giovanna Dragonetti; Roula Khadra; André Daccache; Abdellah Oubelkacem; Redouane Choukr‐Allah; Nicola Lamaddalena. 2020. "Development and Application of a Predictive Model for Treated Wastewater Irrigation Management in a Semiarid Area." Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 16, no. 6: 910-919.

Chapter
Published: 28 March 2019 in Irrigation Governance Challenges in the Mediterranean Region: Learning from Experiences and Promoting Sustainable Performance
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After an overview of the importance of the PIM/IMT programs and some brief background information on their implementation in the focus countries, the chapter orients towards problem identification and solving. For this purpose, it highlights the main issues that characterize the implementation process of these programs. Within each issue, the solving approach adopted by different countries is analyzed. Problems and solutions are sometimes quite diverse because the purposes of these programs are also different in the respective countries. Nevertheless, learning lessons are retained and overall conclusions drawn.

ACS Style

Roula Khadra; Juan Antonio Sagardoy. Participatory Irrigation and Institutional Reforms in the Mediterranean Region: Governance Achievements and Problems. Irrigation Governance Challenges in the Mediterranean Region: Learning from Experiences and Promoting Sustainable Performance 2019, 79 -121.

AMA Style

Roula Khadra, Juan Antonio Sagardoy. Participatory Irrigation and Institutional Reforms in the Mediterranean Region: Governance Achievements and Problems. Irrigation Governance Challenges in the Mediterranean Region: Learning from Experiences and Promoting Sustainable Performance. 2019; ():79-121.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roula Khadra; Juan Antonio Sagardoy. 2019. "Participatory Irrigation and Institutional Reforms in the Mediterranean Region: Governance Achievements and Problems." Irrigation Governance Challenges in the Mediterranean Region: Learning from Experiences and Promoting Sustainable Performance , no. : 79-121.

Chapter
Published: 28 March 2019 in Irrigation Governance Challenges in the Mediterranean Region: Learning from Experiences and Promoting Sustainable Performance
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Recurrently researchers analyze experiences and try to draw practical lessons that may be used by other persons engaged in development work, since reality offers positive and negative aspects that planners and decision makers should consider. The present publication tries to learn from the experience of a number of selected countries in the Mediterranean Region in the implementation of some major irrigation programs in the last twenty years. For each country, a detailed profile was prepared. In a second phase, the profiles were critically analyzed from the perspective of the implemented irrigation programs, following a set of questions that were previously defined, and the chapters are largely built around the responses that could be drafted. In this way, the readers can consider the range of solutions that other countries have adopted for a similar problem or the approaches that they followed to resolve them. The authors are strong believers that rarely solutions can be extrapolated since each country has its own peculiarities. However, ideas can emerge from what other countries have done and adapted to a specific situation, and the authors hope that, in this sense, this book may be a source of inspiration or guidance to solve some of the difficult problems that the water resources face in the Mediterranean Region.

ACS Style

Roula Khadra; Juan Antonio Sagardoy. Introduction. Irrigation Governance Challenges in the Mediterranean Region: Learning from Experiences and Promoting Sustainable Performance 2019, 1 -7.

AMA Style

Roula Khadra, Juan Antonio Sagardoy. Introduction. Irrigation Governance Challenges in the Mediterranean Region: Learning from Experiences and Promoting Sustainable Performance. 2019; ():1-7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roula Khadra; Juan Antonio Sagardoy. 2019. "Introduction." Irrigation Governance Challenges in the Mediterranean Region: Learning from Experiences and Promoting Sustainable Performance , no. : 1-7.

Chapter
Published: 28 March 2019 in Irrigation Governance Challenges in the Mediterranean Region: Learning from Experiences and Promoting Sustainable Performance
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The main scope of this chapter is to analyze the process of establishing the priority programs of the irrigation sector at national level, and the role of the governance organization in their implementation and management.

ACS Style

Roula Khadra; Juan Antonio Sagardoy. National Irrigation Programs and Their Governance Under Water Scarcity Conditions: An Analytical Perspective. Irrigation Governance Challenges in the Mediterranean Region: Learning from Experiences and Promoting Sustainable Performance 2019, 9 -44.

AMA Style

Roula Khadra, Juan Antonio Sagardoy. National Irrigation Programs and Their Governance Under Water Scarcity Conditions: An Analytical Perspective. Irrigation Governance Challenges in the Mediterranean Region: Learning from Experiences and Promoting Sustainable Performance. 2019; ():9-44.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roula Khadra; Juan Antonio Sagardoy. 2019. "National Irrigation Programs and Their Governance Under Water Scarcity Conditions: An Analytical Perspective." Irrigation Governance Challenges in the Mediterranean Region: Learning from Experiences and Promoting Sustainable Performance , no. : 9-44.

Chapter
Published: 28 March 2019 in Irrigation Governance Challenges in the Mediterranean Region: Learning from Experiences and Promoting Sustainable Performance
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In the former chapter, the main national irrigation programs in the focus countries of the Mediterranean Region were identified. Consistent with the approach of this publication, i.e. learning from experiences, a number of case studies will be described here, and we will try to learn from each of them a relevant lesson.

ACS Style

Roula Khadra; Juan Antonio Sagardoy. Irrigation Modernization and Rehabilitation Programs, A Spectrum of Experiences: Analysis and Lessons Learnt. Irrigation Governance Challenges in the Mediterranean Region: Learning from Experiences and Promoting Sustainable Performance 2019, 45 -78.

AMA Style

Roula Khadra, Juan Antonio Sagardoy. Irrigation Modernization and Rehabilitation Programs, A Spectrum of Experiences: Analysis and Lessons Learnt. Irrigation Governance Challenges in the Mediterranean Region: Learning from Experiences and Promoting Sustainable Performance. 2019; ():45-78.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roula Khadra; Juan Antonio Sagardoy. 2019. "Irrigation Modernization and Rehabilitation Programs, A Spectrum of Experiences: Analysis and Lessons Learnt." Irrigation Governance Challenges in the Mediterranean Region: Learning from Experiences and Promoting Sustainable Performance , no. : 45-78.

Chapter
Published: 28 March 2019 in Irrigation Governance Challenges in the Mediterranean Region: Learning from Experiences and Promoting Sustainable Performance
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Although different forms of public private (PP) contracts have been used in the water sector for more than 50 years, their use in the Mediterranean Region concentrated in the last two decades. The number of PP projects that have been implemented in the water sector is relatively modest, but they are considered as an important tool for improving water supply performance, leveraging finance, and stimulating competition and accountability. On the other hand, several water PPP projects have faced also challenges and not lived up to expectations. Much has been learnt from success and failure and as result, there is now considerable knowledge about PPPs drawn from these experiences. However, most of these experiences concern the domestic water supply and sanitation sector while those regarding irrigated agriculture are few and they will be documented in this chapter. This is largely explained by the fact that the payment for the water services in irrigation projects is highly unreliable and this represents a high risk for investors.

ACS Style

Roula Khadra; Juan Antonio Sagardoy. Private Public Partnerships (PPPs) in Irrigation. Myth or Promising Reality? Irrigation Governance Challenges in the Mediterranean Region: Learning from Experiences and Promoting Sustainable Performance 2019, 163 -199.

AMA Style

Roula Khadra, Juan Antonio Sagardoy. Private Public Partnerships (PPPs) in Irrigation. Myth or Promising Reality? Irrigation Governance Challenges in the Mediterranean Region: Learning from Experiences and Promoting Sustainable Performance. 2019; ():163-199.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roula Khadra; Juan Antonio Sagardoy. 2019. "Private Public Partnerships (PPPs) in Irrigation. Myth or Promising Reality?" Irrigation Governance Challenges in the Mediterranean Region: Learning from Experiences and Promoting Sustainable Performance , no. : 163-199.

Chapter
Published: 28 March 2019 in Irrigation Governance Challenges in the Mediterranean Region: Learning from Experiences and Promoting Sustainable Performance
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This chapter will discuss the main issues affecting the satisfactory performance of local governance organizations, by identifying the major constraints and the appropriate solutions and approaches to overcome them, with emphasis on the soft means i.e. accompanying measures: institutional building, training, improved organization and others.

ACS Style

Roula Khadra; Juan Antonio Sagardoy. Improving Local Governance: Problems and Solutions. Irrigation Governance Challenges in the Mediterranean Region: Learning from Experiences and Promoting Sustainable Performance 2019, 123 -161.

AMA Style

Roula Khadra, Juan Antonio Sagardoy. Improving Local Governance: Problems and Solutions. Irrigation Governance Challenges in the Mediterranean Region: Learning from Experiences and Promoting Sustainable Performance. 2019; ():123-161.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roula Khadra; Juan Antonio Sagardoy. 2019. "Improving Local Governance: Problems and Solutions." Irrigation Governance Challenges in the Mediterranean Region: Learning from Experiences and Promoting Sustainable Performance , no. : 123-161.

Review
Published: 28 March 2019 in Irrigation Governance Challenges in the Mediterranean Region: Learning from Experiences and Promoting Sustainable Performance
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This chapter addresses the application of Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) methodologies to PIM/IMT programs. As a matter of fact, a major shortcoming of these programs worldwide, is the missed implementation of M&E systems that accompany them, and become a major instrument to correct, improve and learn. The main purpose of this chapter is to provide instruments that may help countries to reduce this gap.

ACS Style

Roula Khadra; Juan Antonio Sagardoy. M&E Systems for PIM/IMT Programs – Review of Experiences and Guidance for Their Application to WUOs. Irrigation Governance Challenges in the Mediterranean Region: Learning from Experiences and Promoting Sustainable Performance 2019, 201 -221.

AMA Style

Roula Khadra, Juan Antonio Sagardoy. M&E Systems for PIM/IMT Programs – Review of Experiences and Guidance for Their Application to WUOs. Irrigation Governance Challenges in the Mediterranean Region: Learning from Experiences and Promoting Sustainable Performance. 2019; ():201-221.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roula Khadra; Juan Antonio Sagardoy. 2019. "M&E Systems for PIM/IMT Programs – Review of Experiences and Guidance for Their Application to WUOs." Irrigation Governance Challenges in the Mediterranean Region: Learning from Experiences and Promoting Sustainable Performance , no. : 201-221.

Article
Published: 24 April 2018 in Water Resources Management
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Pressurized irrigation systems operating on-demand offer large flexibility to farmers for managing their irrigation practices. Within these systems, the fast moving water and the sudden closing of hydrants generates unsteady flow and may create a significant pressure variation in the pipes causing noise, vibration and, sometimes, also pipes’ collapse. The present study describes a simulation tool that was developed for the analysis of unsteady flow effects. A large number of configurations of hydrants simultaneously open has been used to reflect farmers’ behaviour. A new indicator, called Relative Pressure Variation (RPV), was proposed to evaluate the pressure variation occurring into the system in respect to the steady-state pressure. This is very relevant and can be used to identify pipes with potential risk of failure. In addition, an analysis with different gate-valves’ closing time was carried out. It demonstrated that closing time shorter than Tc = 3 s may create dangerous pressures for the pipes.

ACS Style

Nicola Lamaddalena; Roula Khadra; Bilal Derardja; Umberto Fratino. A New Indicator for Unsteady Flow Analysis in Pressurized Irrigation Systems. Water Resources Management 2018, 32, 3219 -3232.

AMA Style

Nicola Lamaddalena, Roula Khadra, Bilal Derardja, Umberto Fratino. A New Indicator for Unsteady Flow Analysis in Pressurized Irrigation Systems. Water Resources Management. 2018; 32 (9):3219-3232.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicola Lamaddalena; Roula Khadra; Bilal Derardja; Umberto Fratino. 2018. "A New Indicator for Unsteady Flow Analysis in Pressurized Irrigation Systems." Water Resources Management 32, no. 9: 3219-3232.

Critical review
Published: 30 March 2018 in Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management
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Mediterranean‐African countries (MACs) face a major water crisis. The annual renewable water resources are close to the 500 m3/capita threshold of absolute water scarcity, and water withdrawals exceed total renewable water resources by 30%. Such a low water availability curbs economic development in agriculture, which accounts for 86% of freshwater consumption. The analysis of the current situation of wastewater treatment, irrigation, and water management in MACs and of the research projects targeted to these countries indicates the need for 1) an enhanced capacity to analyze water stress, 2) the development of water management strategies capable of including wastewater reuse, and 3) development of locally adapted water treatment and irrigation technologies. This analysis shaped the MADFORWATER project (www.madforwater.eu), whose goal is to develop a set of integrated technological and management solutions to enhance wastewater treatment, wastewater reuse for irrigation, and water efficiency in agriculture in Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia. MADFORWATER develops and adapts technologies for the production of irrigation‐quality water from drainage canals and municipal, agro‐industrial, and industrial wastewaters and technologies for water efficiency and reuse in agriculture, initially validated at laboratory scale, to 3 hydrological basins in the selected MACs. Selected technologies will be further adapted and validated in 4 demonstration plants of integrated wastewater treatment and reuse. Integrated strategies for wastewater treatment and reuse targeted to the selected basins are developed, and guidelines for the development of integrated water management strategies in other basins of the 3 target MACs will be produced. The social and technical suitability of the developed technologies and nontechnological tools in relation to the local context is evaluated with the participation of MAC stakeholders and partners. Guidelines on economic instruments and policies for the effective implementation of the proposed water management solutions in the target MACs will be developed. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2018;14:447–462. © 2018 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)

ACS Style

Dario Frascari; Giulio Zanaroli; Mohamed Abdel Motaleb; Giorgio Annen; Khaoula Belguith; Sara Borin; Redouane Choukr-Allah; Catherine Gibert; Atef Jaouani; Nicolas Kalogerakis; Fawzi Karajeh; Philippe A Ker Rault; Roula Khadra; Stathis Kyriacou; Wen-Tao Li; Bruno Molle; Marijn Mulder; Emmanuel Oertlé; Consuelo Varela Ortega. Integrated technological and management solutions for wastewater treatment and efficient agricultural reuse in Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 2018, 14, 447 -462.

AMA Style

Dario Frascari, Giulio Zanaroli, Mohamed Abdel Motaleb, Giorgio Annen, Khaoula Belguith, Sara Borin, Redouane Choukr-Allah, Catherine Gibert, Atef Jaouani, Nicolas Kalogerakis, Fawzi Karajeh, Philippe A Ker Rault, Roula Khadra, Stathis Kyriacou, Wen-Tao Li, Bruno Molle, Marijn Mulder, Emmanuel Oertlé, Consuelo Varela Ortega. Integrated technological and management solutions for wastewater treatment and efficient agricultural reuse in Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management. 2018; 14 (4):447-462.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dario Frascari; Giulio Zanaroli; Mohamed Abdel Motaleb; Giorgio Annen; Khaoula Belguith; Sara Borin; Redouane Choukr-Allah; Catherine Gibert; Atef Jaouani; Nicolas Kalogerakis; Fawzi Karajeh; Philippe A Ker Rault; Roula Khadra; Stathis Kyriacou; Wen-Tao Li; Bruno Molle; Marijn Mulder; Emmanuel Oertlé; Consuelo Varela Ortega. 2018. "Integrated technological and management solutions for wastewater treatment and efficient agricultural reuse in Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia." Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 14, no. 4: 447-462.

Article
Published: 13 September 2017 in Water Resources Management
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One of the major shortcomings of the Participatory Irrigation Management/Irrigation Management Transfer (PIM/IMT) programs undertaken in many countries of the world, is the predominant absence of Monitoring & Evaluation (M&E) systems specifically addressed to accompany these processes, and become a major instrument to correct, improve and learn. To contribute to closing this gap, this paper presents the main features of “MONEVA”, an M&E system tailored to PIM/IMT programs, and adapted to different Mediterranean Countries. The system is based on the principles of the Logical Framework Analysis (LFA), which permitted the development of objectives, outcomes, outputs and appropriate indicators for the monitoring of results. MONEVA is integrated with seven menus and many submenus which detailed description is reported in the embedded User’s Manual. Only selected options are presented in this paper. The important and innovative features of MONEVA are its capacity to adapt to every country by using only the indicators relevant to the country, and a simple and objective system of evaluation. The results of its application in the pilot countries Jordan and Tunisia, i) demonstrated its flexibility to adapt to local contexts and the easiness of its application which supported its adoption, and ii) validated its characteristics as a Decision Support System (DSS), having a great potential for improving the implementation of the PIM/IMT programs, through the identification of their criticalities and thus, facilitating the definition of corrective actions at government and agency levels, but particularly, at the Water Users’ Association (WUA) level.

ACS Style

Roula Khadra; Juan Antonio Sagardoy; Suzan Taha; Nicola Lamaddalena. MONEVA - a Monitoring & Evaluation System to Assess the Performance of Participatory Irrigation Management/Irrigation Management Transfer Programs in the Mediterranean Region. Water Resources Management 2017, 32, 123 -140.

AMA Style

Roula Khadra, Juan Antonio Sagardoy, Suzan Taha, Nicola Lamaddalena. MONEVA - a Monitoring & Evaluation System to Assess the Performance of Participatory Irrigation Management/Irrigation Management Transfer Programs in the Mediterranean Region. Water Resources Management. 2017; 32 (1):123-140.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roula Khadra; Juan Antonio Sagardoy; Suzan Taha; Nicola Lamaddalena. 2017. "MONEVA - a Monitoring & Evaluation System to Assess the Performance of Participatory Irrigation Management/Irrigation Management Transfer Programs in the Mediterranean Region." Water Resources Management 32, no. 1: 123-140.

Article
Published: 14 June 2017 in Water Resources Management
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A major shortcoming of Participatory Irrigation Management and Irrigation Management Transfer (PIM/IMT) is the absence of Monitoring & Evaluation (M&E) systems that accompany these processes and become a major instrument to correct, improve and learn. Although at the global level some countries have exerted efforts to implement M&E systems, these still present limitations, as the review of the international experiences shows. The Mediterranean situation is even more dramatic since only Tunisia implements an M&E system, whereas Egypt has shyly moved in this direction with a limited practical application. This state of affairs led the authors to develop a set of guiding principles to develop an M&E system to be applied in countries where PIM/IMT is adopted. This paper revises the main international efforts devoted to assess the performance of PIM/IMT and the state of the art of these processes in Southern and Eastern Mediterranean Countries. Moreover, it sets the framework and analyses the main sustaining factors for the development of a new M&E system for these countries.

ACS Style

Roula Khadra; Juan Antonio Sagardoy; Suzan Taha; Nicola Lamaddalena. Participatory Irrigation Management and Transfer: Setting the Guiding Principles for a Sustaining Monitoring & Evaluation System – a Focus on the Mediterranean. Water Resources Management 2017, 31, 4227 -4238.

AMA Style

Roula Khadra, Juan Antonio Sagardoy, Suzan Taha, Nicola Lamaddalena. Participatory Irrigation Management and Transfer: Setting the Guiding Principles for a Sustaining Monitoring & Evaluation System – a Focus on the Mediterranean. Water Resources Management. 2017; 31 (13):4227-4238.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roula Khadra; Juan Antonio Sagardoy; Suzan Taha; Nicola Lamaddalena. 2017. "Participatory Irrigation Management and Transfer: Setting the Guiding Principles for a Sustaining Monitoring & Evaluation System – a Focus on the Mediterranean." Water Resources Management 31, no. 13: 4227-4238.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2016 in Biosystems Engineering
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ACS Style

Abdelouahid Fouial; Roula Khadra; Andrè Daccache; Nicola Lamaddalena. Modelling the impact of climate change on pressurised irrigation distribution systems: Use of a new tool for adaptation strategy implementation. Biosystems Engineering 2016, 150, 182 -190.

AMA Style

Abdelouahid Fouial, Roula Khadra, Andrè Daccache, Nicola Lamaddalena. Modelling the impact of climate change on pressurised irrigation distribution systems: Use of a new tool for adaptation strategy implementation. Biosystems Engineering. 2016; 150 ():182-190.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdelouahid Fouial; Roula Khadra; Andrè Daccache; Nicola Lamaddalena. 2016. "Modelling the impact of climate change on pressurised irrigation distribution systems: Use of a new tool for adaptation strategy implementation." Biosystems Engineering 150, no. : 182-190.

Journal article
Published: 24 May 2016 in Water Resources Management
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Improving energy and hydraulic performance of large-scale pressurized irrigation is now perceived as a very pressing need, after large budgets have been allocated into systems modernization. This paper tackles this priority area by developing a management oriented multi-step methodology, that integrates different existing models, to sector the system according to the pressure requirements of the hydrants, and to regulate the pumping station for i) a fixed and a variable pressure head control, and for ii) an enhanced performance. When applied to an on-demand system in the Sinistra Ofanto irrigation scheme of Foggia (Italy), this integrated approach showed potential for energy saving under the optimal scenario of 49 %, and noticeable improvement in the system performance in terms of hydrant pressure heads, as compared to the actual conditions. The monetary assessment demonstrates that the achieved energy saving amounts to 23,636 Euros per irrigation season, 45 % among which are due to sectoring.

ACS Style

R. Khadra; M. A Moreno; Hassan Awada; N. Lamaddalena. Energy and Hydraulic Performance-Based Management of Large-Scale Pressurized Irrigation Systems. Water Resources Management 2016, 30, 3493 -3506.

AMA Style

R. Khadra, M. A Moreno, Hassan Awada, N. Lamaddalena. Energy and Hydraulic Performance-Based Management of Large-Scale Pressurized Irrigation Systems. Water Resources Management. 2016; 30 (10):3493-3506.

Chicago/Turabian Style

R. Khadra; M. A Moreno; Hassan Awada; N. Lamaddalena. 2016. "Energy and Hydraulic Performance-Based Management of Large-Scale Pressurized Irrigation Systems." Water Resources Management 30, no. 10: 3493-3506.

Journal article
Published: 12 October 2015 in Irrigation Science
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Irrigation distribution systems are generally branched. They can be designed using optimization models that minimize the cost of the pipes under a number of constraints. Urban water distribution systems are generally designed as a series of interconnected closed loops which provide these systems with sufficient capability to overcome local physical failures . However, they enormously increase both the computational effort and the network cost. This research proposes an innovative approach where localized loops are used as a cost-effective solution to improve the performance of branched on-demand pressurized irrigation systems. The position of a localized loop is identified based on the overall performance improvement that can be achieved. This strategy, when necessary, also involves the increase in significantly smaller pipe diameters, where performance improvement cannot occur solely by introducing localized loops. The new approach was applied to an irrigation district in Southern Italy operating on demand. It demonstrated its effectiveness by improving the system’s overall hydraulic performance, while achieving more than 80 % cost savings, as compared to the classical rehabilitation approach. A dedicated software package that may serve, with further improvements, as a DSS platform, was developed and used to perform an accurate hydraulic performance analysis of the irrigation system.

ACS Style

Nicola Lamaddalena; Roula Khadra; Abdelouahid Fouial. Use of localized loops for the rehabilitation of on-demand pressurized irrigation distribution systems. Irrigation Science 2015, 33, 453 -468.

AMA Style

Nicola Lamaddalena, Roula Khadra, Abdelouahid Fouial. Use of localized loops for the rehabilitation of on-demand pressurized irrigation distribution systems. Irrigation Science. 2015; 33 (6):453-468.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicola Lamaddalena; Roula Khadra; Abdelouahid Fouial. 2015. "Use of localized loops for the rehabilitation of on-demand pressurized irrigation distribution systems." Irrigation Science 33, no. 6: 453-468.

Original articles
Published: 08 July 2014 in Arid Land Research and Management
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Reclamation of saline sodic soils is a main problem at most of arid lands. Improving soil properties with waste materials has been investigated earlier but the effect of these materials on saline sodic soils is not fully known. A fly ash and sewage sludge mixture was applied to saline sodic soils with the intention of soil reclamation and eco-friendly waste recycling. Fly ash and sewage sludge mixtures were applied at a ratio of 1:1 to soils with three different levels of electrical conductivity (EC) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) (soil I: 4.27 dS m−1, 6.09%; soil II: 73.20 dS m−1, 51.03%; soil III: 38.2 dS m−1, 86.2%) at 3 different doses, that is, 40, 80, and 120 t ha−1. Saturated hydraulic conductivity and porosity generally increased in all the soils tested, whereas bulk density and pH decreased. ESP and EC values of the amended layers decreased considerably with the application of increasing doses of waste material. These results indicate that when properly applied, two industrial residues, sewage sludge and fly ash, that are associated with a negative environmental impact, can be recycled allowing for the cheap reclamation of barren saline sodic soil.

ACS Style

Selda Ors; Ustun Sahin; Roula Khadra. Reclamation of Saline Sodic Soils with the Use of Mixed Fly Ash and Sewage Sludge. Arid Land Research and Management 2014, 29, 41 -54.

AMA Style

Selda Ors, Ustun Sahin, Roula Khadra. Reclamation of Saline Sodic Soils with the Use of Mixed Fly Ash and Sewage Sludge. Arid Land Research and Management. 2014; 29 (1):41-54.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Selda Ors; Ustun Sahin; Roula Khadra. 2014. "Reclamation of Saline Sodic Soils with the Use of Mixed Fly Ash and Sewage Sludge." Arid Land Research and Management 29, no. 1: 41-54.

Journal article
Published: 24 July 2013 in Procedia Environmental Sciences
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The variability of flow regimes in on demand pressurized irrigation systems induces uncertainty in pressure head at the hydrants affecting the system hydraulic performance. However, the on-farm networks operating downstream are designed for a fixed upstream pressure head that usually corresponds to their best achievable performance. Based on these considerations, an on demand irrigation system was optimized using the Reliability based model accounting for the variability of flow regimes, the minimization of cost and the maximization of the reliability, and the interaction between the variability at hydrant level and the uniformity of on farm sprinkler systems operating downstream was analyzed. The analysis shows that on farm uniformity strongly varies in space and time and low uniformity levels were achieved despite the consideration of the reliability of the on demand distribution network during the optimization process, which may have drastic effects on crop yield. This study clearly shows that accounting for the interaction between the distribution system and the on farm irrigation network is a must in the modernization/rehabilitation processes, often promoted as tools to produce more agriculture goods with less water input at moderate investments and operational costs.

ACS Style

Roula Khadra; Nicola Lamaddalena; Nisrine Inoubli. Optimization of on Demand Pressurized Irrigation Networks and On-farm Constraints. Procedia Environmental Sciences 2013, 19, 942 -954.

AMA Style

Roula Khadra, Nicola Lamaddalena, Nisrine Inoubli. Optimization of on Demand Pressurized Irrigation Networks and On-farm Constraints. Procedia Environmental Sciences. 2013; 19 ():942-954.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roula Khadra; Nicola Lamaddalena; Nisrine Inoubli. 2013. "Optimization of on Demand Pressurized Irrigation Networks and On-farm Constraints." Procedia Environmental Sciences 19, no. : 942-954.