The prevalence of hemorrhoids has been reported to be 7-14%. However, there have been no large-scale studies. This study aims to investigate the incidence of hemorrhoids in Korea by analyzing big data and to find the associated risk factors. This was a retrospective analysis using the Health Insurance Cohort database of the National Health Insurance Corporation of Korea in 2002-2015. The study was divided into two models: the diagnostic (DM) and surgical model (SM). Socio-demographic and lifestyle behavioral characteristics were analyzed as risk factors. Overall, 467,567 participants were included. The incidence density of hemorrhoids was 13.9 and 5.7 per 1000 person-years in the DM and SM, respectively. Hemorrhoids occurred more frequently in men and metropolitan areas in both models. The incidence was highest in the 40s. The incidence rates were highest in the high income, smoking, alcohol and the exercise group of 1-4 times a week in both models. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) was higher in men and decreased with increasing age. It was higher in the metropolitan area. The high-income level and alcohol consumption were risk factors in the DM and SM, respectively. The HR of the exercise group was higher than that of the non-exercise group in both models. The diagnostic and surgical incidence density was 13.9 and 5.7 per 1000 person-years, respectively. Hemorrhoids occurred most frequently in men in their 40s. The metropolitan area, high income level and alcohol consumption were associated with an increased frequency of hemorrhoids.

Background: It is necessary to engage in an appropriate level of physical activity to improve the prognoses of colorectal cancer patients, yet no guidelines currently exist. The goals of this systematic review are to determine the impact of levels of physical activity on the prognoses of colorectal cancer patients and to suggest recommended guidelines for levels of physical activity. Methods: This systematic review was conducted along PRISMA guidelines. Per the inclusion criteria, papers published in academic journals in English from 2010 to 2019 were selected. A literature search was performed on PubMed (Medline), and the results of the selected studies were qualitatively synthesized. Results: Of the 13 cohort studies included in this systematic review, most studies were conducted in the United States (N = 7). Immobility or low levels of physical activity adversely affected the prognoses of colorectal cancer patients. Contrarily, high levels of physical activity increased the survival rate in people with colorectal cancer. Conclusion: For colorectal cancer patients, a level of physical activity of 17.5 to 35 MET hours per week is strongly recommended, which has been shown to reduce mortality by approximately 30 to 40%. Patients with limited physical capacity should maintain a minimum level of physical activity (≥3.5 MET hours/week).

본 연구는 코로나19 대유행이라는 특수한 상황에서 우울을 경험한 청소년들의 우울과 자살생각에 영향을 주는 요인들을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 하는 단면연구 및 2차 자료분석 연구이다. 연구데이터는 코로나19 상황이 진행 중인 2021년에 실시한 제 17차 한국청소년행태조사를 기반으로 하였고, 12개월 동안 2주 이상 우울을 경험한 청소년을 연구대상으로 분석을 실시하였다. 코로나19와 같은 전염병 시대에 중학생, 여성, 저소득 가정, 가족과 함께 살지 않는 학생, 건강이 좋지 않다고 생각하는 사람들이 정신건강에 취약한 것으로 확인하였다. 또한 신체활동 시간의 감소, 앉아 있는 시간의 증가, 스마트폰 사용시간의 증가는 우울심화 및 자살생각과 관련이 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 청소년들의 우울과 자살생각을 예방하기 위해 앉아있는 시간을 줄이고, 스마트폰 사용시간을 감소시키며 안전한 환경에서 적극적으로 신체활동을 할 수 있도록 지원해야 한다.