Aims. To quantify the capillary density of the optic nerve head in healthy control eyes and different stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR) eyes and identify the parameters to detect eyes with or without DR using optical coherence tomographic angiography (OCTA). Methods. In this cross-sectional study, 211 eyes of 121 participants with type 2 diabetes with different stages of DR or without DR and 73 eyes of 38 healthy age-matched controls were imaged by OCTA. Radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) plexus density and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness were examined. The mixed model binary logistic regression model was used to identify the parameters to detect eyes with or without DR. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated. Results. RPC density decreased significantly in diabetic patients without DR compared with the healthy controls, and it was negatively correlated with the severity of DR (P<0.01). RPC density was a significant parameter to distinguish diabetic eyes with or without DR (P<0.01). The area under the ROC curve was 0.743. Conclusions. Quantification of RPC density by OCTA provides evidence of microvascular changes in the optic nerve in diabetic patients. RPC density can serve as a possible biomarker in detecting eyes with DR. Larger cohort studies need to support this statement.

Aims . To compare the relationship between the nonperfusion area (NPA) on ultra‐widefield fluorescein angiography (UWFFA) and the nonflow area (NFA) on optical coherence tomographic angiography (OCTA) in retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Methods . Cross‐sectional study. 46 eyes of 46 RVO patients who underwent UWFFA and OCTA. NPA and ischemic index (ISI) were quantified on UWWFA. NFA, vessel density (VD) of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), the deep capillary plexus (DCP), and the size foveal avascular zone (FAZ) on 3 ∗ 3 mm OCTA were measured. The association of the NPA and ISI on UWWFA and the parameters on OCTA were analyzed. Spearman correlation was used for statistical testing. Results . The NPA and ISI on UWFFA were significantly correlated with the NFA on OCTA in RVO, and r values were 0.688 ( p < 0.01) and 0.680 ( p < 0.01), respectively. VD in the SCP of the temporal quadrant was negatively correlated with NPA and ISI, and r values were −0.346 ( p < 0.05) and −0.337 ( p < 0.05), respectively. VD in the DCP of the temporal quadrant was negatively correlated with the NPA, and the r value was −0.246 ( p < 0.05). No significant correlation was found between the NPA and ISI on UWFFA and VD of other quadrants in the SCP or DCP and the FAZ area on OCTA. Conclusion . NPA in the peripheral retina was correlated with NFA in macula. NFA detected by OCTA could be an indicator of the ischemic status in RVO.

Background:With the rising incidence as well as the medical expenditure among patients with unstable angina pectoris, the research aimed to investigate the inpatient medical expenditure through the combination of diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) among patients with unstable angina pectoris in a Grade

Background: The study was to explore the causes of high inpatient expenditure through analyzing the distribution characteristics as well as the influence factors of high inpatient expenditure cases during 3 years within a Grade-A tertiary hospital through various aspects and multiple angles, thus identifying the major influence factors for high medical expenditure to develop further research. Methods: We retrospectively studied 2041 inpatient cases which cost more than RMB 100,000 Yuan per case in a Grade-A tertiary hospital from 2013 to 2015. We analyzed the compositions of the medical cost to evaluate the major factors that cause the high inpatient expenditure. All the data and materials were collected from medical record system, and the statistical methods included t-test, variance of analysis, and multivariate linear regression. Results: The average cost of the 2,041 cases was RMB 152,173 Yuan for medicines and materials of medical costs, which respectively accounted for 33.03% and 32.32% of the total cost; and the average length of hospital stay was 28.39 days/person. Diseases of skeletal and muscular system, circulatory system, and tumor were the top three disease categories of high inpatient expenditure, which accounted for 39.00%, 33.46%, and 18.03%, respectively. Complications, criticality of the disease, gender of the patients, the occurrence of death, and the excessive length of hospital stay all had great impacts on average medical expenditure, while age, hospital infection, and surgery showed no significant impact on average medical cost. Conclusions: The main factors for high inpatient expenditure included the inadequate use of high-value medicines and materials, lacking cost control measures within the hospital, the excessive length of hospital stay for inpatients, and the unnecessary treatment for the patients.