The aim of this article is to use multiple discriminant analysis (MDA) and logit models to assess the risk of bankruptcy of companies in the Polish tourism sector in the crisis conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. A review of the literature is used to select models appropriate to analyze the risk of bankruptcy of tourism enterprises listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE). The data are from half-year financial statements (the first half of 2019 and 2020, respectively). The obtained results are compared with the current values of the Altman EM-score model and selected financial ratios. An analysis allowed the estimation of the risk of bankruptcy of enterprises from the tourism sector in Poland as well as the assessment of the prognostic value of these models in the tourism sector and the risk of a collapse of this market in Poland. The article fills the research gap created by the negligible use of solvency analysis of the tourism sector and constitutes the basis for estimating the risk of collapse of the tourism sector in a crisis situation.

We have been observing large fluctuations and price increases in electricity markets in recent years. The COVID-19 pandemic, rising energy costs, political instability and increasing demand for electricity have been the factors intensifying the problems. This causes uncertainty related to maintaining energy security. Energy security is an element of the national security system. In this context, the question arises whether Polish energy companies are able to adapt to the growing demand for electricity while meeting the growing environmental requirements. Moreover, it remains to be seen how the current energy crisis will affect the financial condition of energy companies in Poland and whether companies from the energy sector will benefit from this crisis. Another issue is the impact of the current crisis on the sense of energy security of consumers. There are many factors affecting energy security. This study focuses on economic and financial factors. The article aims to assess the energy security of consumers from the perspective of the stability of energy prices and the financial condition of companies from the energy industry in Poland in the context of the global energy crisis.

In order to correctly assess the economic security of an enterprise, it is necessary to evaluate its financial situation. This is particularly relevant during external turbulence (e.g. the COVID 19 pandemic, economic crises and armed conflicts) that affects global logistics operations. The research problem addressed in this article is how such turbulence influences the economic security of transport, shipping and logistics (TSL) enterprises and which financial assessment tools can provide reliable early warning signals. The research niche of this article is the adaptation of enterprise financial security assessment methods to the specific conditions of the transport, shipping, and logistics (TSL) industry. The purpose of the article is to adapt an established methodology for evaluating the financial condition and economic security of enterprises to the context of logistics companies, and to identify the impact of global turbulence on supply chain resilience. The study used financial ratio discriminant analysis and a case study approach to evaluate selected logistics enterprises operating in international markets. The hypothesis assumed that global disturbances negatively affect the financial performance of TSL enterprises, but that appropriate assessment tools and strategies can strengthen their financial resilience. The results confirmed partial deterioration in liquidity and profitability indicators during crises, alongside the increasing adaptability of enterprises using proactive risk management approaches. The conclusions emphasize the necessity of continuous financial monitoring and implementation of early-warning systems to enhance economic security in the TSL sector.

Non-fungible tokens (NFTs), as digital assets, form part of the alternative investment market, introducing new opportunities for investors in the art market. When analysing the investment potential of NFT, it is necessary to consider several factors that will affect the investment attractiveness of these assets. The aim of the article is to propose a model for assessing the investment potential of NFT, defined as a compilation of efficiency, availability, and risk associated with investments in tokens. The article presents the results of research on the assessment of the availability of NFT in the art market and the effectiveness of these investments as financial assets. Such investments are exposed to specific risks that have been defined and critically analysed in the presented study. The article emphasises the role of NFT as an innovative form of investment in the art market and the need to understand both the possibilities and limitations of this dynamically developing segment of the financial market.