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Dr. Micheal Bruen
UCD

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0 Environmental Engineering
0 Environmental Modelling
0 Sustainable Development
0 Water Resources Engineering
0 Systems analysis and decision analysis

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Water resources and environment
Systems analysis and decision analysis
Environmental Engineering
Environmental Modelling
Sustainable Development

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Review
Published: 25 March 2021 in Applied Sciences
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The SCOPUS and Wed of Science bibliometric databases were searched for papers related to the use of multi-criteria methods in civil engineering related disciplines. The results were analyzed for information on the reported geographical distribution of usage, the methods used, the application areas with most usage and the software tools used. There was a wide geographical distribution of usage with all northern hemisphere continents well represented. However, of the very many methods available, a small number seemed to dominate usage, with the Analytic Hierarchy Process being the most frequently used. The application areas represented in the documents found was not widely spread and mainly seemed to be focused on issues such as sustainability, environment, risk, safety and to some extent project management, with less usage on other areas. This may be due to individual engineer’s choices in relation to if and how to disseminate the results of their work and to their choice of keywords and titles that determine if their publications are selected in bibliographic searches and thus more visible to a wider readership. A comparison with more topic focused searches, relating to Bridge Design, Earthquake Engineering, Cladding, Sewage Treatment, Foundation design, Truss design, Water Supply, Building Energy, Route selection and Transport mode showed very different results. Analysis of the papers in this area indicated that the full range of supporting software available for multi-criteria decision analysis (many listed in this paper) may not be fully appreciated by potential users.

ACS Style

Michael Bruen. Uptake and Dissemination of Multi-Criteria Decision Support Methods in Civil Engineering—Lessons from the Literature. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 2940 .

AMA Style

Michael Bruen. Uptake and Dissemination of Multi-Criteria Decision Support Methods in Civil Engineering—Lessons from the Literature. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (7):2940.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael Bruen. 2021. "Uptake and Dissemination of Multi-Criteria Decision Support Methods in Civil Engineering—Lessons from the Literature." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7: 2940.

Journal article
Published: 05 October 2020 in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
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Irrigated agriculture contributes 40% of total global food production. In the US High Plains, which produces more than 50 million tons per year of grain, as much as 90% of irrigation originates from groundwater resources, including the Ogallala aquifer. In parts of the High Plains, groundwater resources are being depleted so rapidly that they are considered nonrenewable, compromising food security. When groundwater becomes scarce, groundwater withdrawals peak, causing a subsequent peak in crop production. Previous descriptions of finite natural resource depletion have utilized the Hubbert curve. By coupling the dynamics of groundwater pumping, recharge, and crop production, Hubbert-like curves emerge, responding to the linked variations in groundwater pumping and grain production. On a state level, this approach predicted when groundwater withdrawal and grain production peaked and the lag between them. The lags increased with the adoption of efficient irrigation practices and higher recharge rates. Results indicate that, in Texas, withdrawals peaked in 1966, followed by a peak in grain production 9 y later. After better irrigation technologies were adopted, the lag increased to 15 y from 1997 to 2012. In Kansas, where these technologies were employed concurrently with the rise of irrigated grain production, this lag was predicted to be 24 y starting in 1994. In Nebraska, grain production is projected to continue rising through 2050 because of high recharge rates. While Texas and Nebraska had equal irrigated output in 1975, by 2050, it is projected that Nebraska will have almost 10 times the groundwater-based production of Texas.

ACS Style

Assaad Mrad; Gabriel G. Katul; Delphis F. Levia; Andrew J. Guswa; Elizabeth W. Boyer; Michael Bruen; Darryl E. Carlyle-Moses; Rachel Coyte; Irena F. Creed; Nick van de Giesen; Domenico Grasso; David M. Hannah; Janice E. Hudson; Vincent Humphrey; Shin’Ichi Iida; Robert B. Jackson; Tomo’Omi Kumagai; Pilar Llorens; Beate Michalzik; Kazuki Nanko; Catherine A. Peters; John S. Selker; Doerthe Tetzlaff; Maciej Zalewski; Bridget R. Scanlon. Peak grain forecasts for the US High Plains amid withering waters. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2020, 117, 26145 -26150.

AMA Style

Assaad Mrad, Gabriel G. Katul, Delphis F. Levia, Andrew J. Guswa, Elizabeth W. Boyer, Michael Bruen, Darryl E. Carlyle-Moses, Rachel Coyte, Irena F. Creed, Nick van de Giesen, Domenico Grasso, David M. Hannah, Janice E. Hudson, Vincent Humphrey, Shin’Ichi Iida, Robert B. Jackson, Tomo’Omi Kumagai, Pilar Llorens, Beate Michalzik, Kazuki Nanko, Catherine A. Peters, John S. Selker, Doerthe Tetzlaff, Maciej Zalewski, Bridget R. Scanlon. Peak grain forecasts for the US High Plains amid withering waters. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2020; 117 (42):26145-26150.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Assaad Mrad; Gabriel G. Katul; Delphis F. Levia; Andrew J. Guswa; Elizabeth W. Boyer; Michael Bruen; Darryl E. Carlyle-Moses; Rachel Coyte; Irena F. Creed; Nick van de Giesen; Domenico Grasso; David M. Hannah; Janice E. Hudson; Vincent Humphrey; Shin’Ichi Iida; Robert B. Jackson; Tomo’Omi Kumagai; Pilar Llorens; Beate Michalzik; Kazuki Nanko; Catherine A. Peters; John S. Selker; Doerthe Tetzlaff; Maciej Zalewski; Bridget R. Scanlon. 2020. "Peak grain forecasts for the US High Plains amid withering waters." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 42: 26145-26150.

Comment
Published: 21 September 2020 in Nature Geoscience
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Land-use and land-cover changes are accelerating. Such changes can homogenize the water cycle and undermine planetary resilience. Policymakers and practitioners must consider water–vegetation interactions in their land-management decisions.

ACS Style

Delphis F. Levia; Irena F. Creed; David M. Hannah; Kazuki Nanko; Elizabeth W. Boyer; Darryl E. Carlyle-Moses; Nick Van De Giesen; Domenico Grasso; Andrew J. Guswa; Janice E. Hudson; Sean A. Hudson; Shin’Ichi Iida; Robert B. Jackson; Gabriel G. Katul; Tomo’Omi Kumagai; Pilar Llorens; Flavio Lopes Ribeiro; Diane E. Pataki; Catherine A. Peters; Daniel Sanchez Carretero; John S. Selker; Doerthe Tetzlaff; Maciej Zalewski; Michael Bruen. Homogenization of the terrestrial water cycle. Nature Geoscience 2020, 13, 1 -3.

AMA Style

Delphis F. Levia, Irena F. Creed, David M. Hannah, Kazuki Nanko, Elizabeth W. Boyer, Darryl E. Carlyle-Moses, Nick Van De Giesen, Domenico Grasso, Andrew J. Guswa, Janice E. Hudson, Sean A. Hudson, Shin’Ichi Iida, Robert B. Jackson, Gabriel G. Katul, Tomo’Omi Kumagai, Pilar Llorens, Flavio Lopes Ribeiro, Diane E. Pataki, Catherine A. Peters, Daniel Sanchez Carretero, John S. Selker, Doerthe Tetzlaff, Maciej Zalewski, Michael Bruen. Homogenization of the terrestrial water cycle. Nature Geoscience. 2020; 13 (10):1-3.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Delphis F. Levia; Irena F. Creed; David M. Hannah; Kazuki Nanko; Elizabeth W. Boyer; Darryl E. Carlyle-Moses; Nick Van De Giesen; Domenico Grasso; Andrew J. Guswa; Janice E. Hudson; Sean A. Hudson; Shin’Ichi Iida; Robert B. Jackson; Gabriel G. Katul; Tomo’Omi Kumagai; Pilar Llorens; Flavio Lopes Ribeiro; Diane E. Pataki; Catherine A. Peters; Daniel Sanchez Carretero; John S. Selker; Doerthe Tetzlaff; Maciej Zalewski; Michael Bruen. 2020. "Homogenization of the terrestrial water cycle." Nature Geoscience 13, no. 10: 1-3.

Review article
Published: 08 April 2020 in Ecohydrology
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Nature‐based solutions for water‐resources challenges require advances in the science of ecohydrology. Current understanding is limited by a shortage of observations and theories that can further our capability to synthesize complex processes across scales ranging from sub‐millimeters to tens of kilometers. Recent developments in environmental sensing, data, and modeling have the potential to drive rapid improvements in ecohydrological understanding. After briefly reviewing advances in sensor technologies, this paper highlights how improved measurements, techniques to harness big data, and modeling can be applied to enhance understanding of the following ecohydrological examples: interception and canopy processes, root uptake and critical zone processes, and up‐scaled effects of land use on streamflow. Novel and improved sensors will enable new questions and experiments, while machine learning and empirical methods provide additional opportunities to advance science. The synergy resulting from the convergence of these parallel developments will provide new insight into ecohydrological processes and thereby help identify nature‐based solutions to address water‐resources challenges in the 21st century.

ACS Style

Andrew J. Guswa; Doerthe Tetzlaff; John S. Selker; Darryl E. Carlyle‐Moses; Elizabeth W. Boyer; Michael Bruen; Carles Cayuela; Irena F. Creed; Nick Van De Giesen; Domenico Grasso; David M. Hannah; Janice E. Hudson; Sean A. Hudson; Shin'ichi Iida; Robert B. Jackson; Gabriel G. Katul; Tomo'omi Kumagai; Pilar Llorens; Flavio Lopes Ribeiro; Beate Michalzik; Kazuki Nanko; Christopher Oster; Diane E. Pataki; Catherine A. Peters; Andrea Rinaldo; Daniel Sanchez Carretero; Branimir Trifunovic; Maciej Zalewski; Marja Haagsma; Delphis F. Levia. Advancing ecohydrology in the 21st century: A convergence of opportunities. Ecohydrology 2020, 13, 1 .

AMA Style

Andrew J. Guswa, Doerthe Tetzlaff, John S. Selker, Darryl E. Carlyle‐Moses, Elizabeth W. Boyer, Michael Bruen, Carles Cayuela, Irena F. Creed, Nick Van De Giesen, Domenico Grasso, David M. Hannah, Janice E. Hudson, Sean A. Hudson, Shin'ichi Iida, Robert B. Jackson, Gabriel G. Katul, Tomo'omi Kumagai, Pilar Llorens, Flavio Lopes Ribeiro, Beate Michalzik, Kazuki Nanko, Christopher Oster, Diane E. Pataki, Catherine A. Peters, Andrea Rinaldo, Daniel Sanchez Carretero, Branimir Trifunovic, Maciej Zalewski, Marja Haagsma, Delphis F. Levia. Advancing ecohydrology in the 21st century: A convergence of opportunities. Ecohydrology. 2020; 13 (4):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrew J. Guswa; Doerthe Tetzlaff; John S. Selker; Darryl E. Carlyle‐Moses; Elizabeth W. Boyer; Michael Bruen; Carles Cayuela; Irena F. Creed; Nick Van De Giesen; Domenico Grasso; David M. Hannah; Janice E. Hudson; Sean A. Hudson; Shin'ichi Iida; Robert B. Jackson; Gabriel G. Katul; Tomo'omi Kumagai; Pilar Llorens; Flavio Lopes Ribeiro; Beate Michalzik; Kazuki Nanko; Christopher Oster; Diane E. Pataki; Catherine A. Peters; Andrea Rinaldo; Daniel Sanchez Carretero; Branimir Trifunovic; Maciej Zalewski; Marja Haagsma; Delphis F. Levia. 2020. "Advancing ecohydrology in the 21st century: A convergence of opportunities." Ecohydrology 13, no. 4: 1.

Preprint content
Published: 23 March 2020
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The prevalence of microplastic (MP), typically characterised as polymeric materials of particle (1 µm - 5 mm) are an increasing concern in our marine and freshwater systems. International research efforts have mainly focused on the abundance, characteristics and implications of plastic pollution in marine settings, with the transport and fate of plastics in terrestrial and freshwater systems being less well understood. The pathway from land to sea is significant in the Irish context given the widespread use of MP rich biosolids for soil conditioning in agricultural lands.  Biosolids represent the treated sewage sludge produced in the wastewater treatment process, ~80% of which nationally is used in land treatment. Given the combined nature (storm and foul water conveyed and treated together) of the drainage network in many parts of Ireland, coupled with evidence that 90% of MPs in influent waters are retained in these sewage sludges, the application of sludges to agricultural lands represents a considerable MP input on these land systems. MPs can potentially be moved or transported from these terrestrial systems through atmospheric escape, and in hydrological pathways through the soil matrix and/ or in direct overland runoff.

Here we report on an experimental investigation exploring the transport potential of biosolid MPs through infiltration and percolation processes in agricultural fields.  A drainage experiment was initially undertaken in loosely packed vertical sand columns. Polymers of different type (PVC, PET and LDPE), size (<150 µm, 150-300 µm) and in both virgin and weathered states were seeded on the surface of saturated sand columns and subjected to simulated rainfall of varying intensity for different durations (up to 20 hours).  Each test was conducted in triplicate with columns draining under gravity and water samples were collected from their base. The results indicate limited MP mobility given all seeded MPs were recovered in the surface layers (top 5 cm).  To confirm these findings, a further investigation involving the extraction of 2 m deep cores from a down-slope transect of an agricultural field was undertaken. This field had been treated with thermally dried wastewater treatment plant sludge annually for ~20 years. The dispersion and depth of MPs were observed through laboratory testing and through Itrax core scanning.  Results indicated that the majority of MPs (mostly fibers) were retained in the upper c. 30 cm (plough zone) of each core with penetration of biosolid MPs to depths below this being considerably more limited.  Concentrations of MPs found within the plough zone were lower than expected (0.14 to 0.03 MP per gram of soil), suggesting that vertical migration through the soil matrix of biosolid MPs is not a significant hydrological transport pathway.

ACS Style

Linda Heerey; John O'sullivan; Michael Bruen; Ian O'connor; Anne Marie Mahon; Heather Lally; Sinéad Murphy; Róisín Nash; James O'connor. Investigation into the Vertical Migration of Microplastic in Agricultural Soil. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Linda Heerey, John O'sullivan, Michael Bruen, Ian O'connor, Anne Marie Mahon, Heather Lally, Sinéad Murphy, Róisín Nash, James O'connor. Investigation into the Vertical Migration of Microplastic in Agricultural Soil. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Linda Heerey; John O'sullivan; Michael Bruen; Ian O'connor; Anne Marie Mahon; Heather Lally; Sinéad Murphy; Róisín Nash; James O'connor. 2020. "Investigation into the Vertical Migration of Microplastic in Agricultural Soil." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 23 March 2020
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Sediment connectivity, though typically viewed as subsidiary to concerns surrounding fish passage, serves an important role in a functioning riverine ecosystem, with both substrate stability and particle size distribution acting as key determinants of benthic community structure and spawning habitat. However, despite more than a decade of pressure to restore stream continuity under the Water Framework Directive (WFD), there have been very few empirical studies on the impact that low-head dams (i.e. weirs) have on bed and suspended sediment conveyance, and little progress in the development of replicable quantitative methodologies for doing so. In this study we explore these knowledge gaps through field investigations of three gravel-cobble streams in southeast Ireland using RFID technology to investigate bedload connectivity, and integrated high-resolution monitoring of turbidity and discrete suspended sediment sampling to establish above dam vs, below dam patterns of suspended sediment conveyance.

Suspended sediment inputs and outputs over a range of flow conditions (above baseflow) reveal elevated sediment flux at the downstream station (below dam) compared to that coming into the reach (above dam). These observations are indicative of a local source of sediment between monitor­ing stations. Here we suggest that as sediment inputs became exhausted before peak discharge, the structure’s impounded zone (typically considered a depositional area) becomes the dominant source of sediment to the downstream reach. We argue that if sediment trapped behind the structure is available for transportation during high flow events, the system must be trapping sediment under lower flows, which is consistent with field observations.

Results for bedload connectivity and tracer transport over low-head dams demonstrate that particles exceeding the reach D90 can be carried through and over these structures, which is consistent with what has been reported from the US. This observation suggests that both structures may have reached a state of ‘transient storage’ as hypothesized by other authors. However, RFID tracer data when reinterpreted as fractional transport rates using a workflow based on existing empirical relations, indicate patterns consistent with supply-limited conditions downstream, demonstrating conflicting lines of evidence between the event-scale tracer movement and long-term sediment regime. Utilizing our empirical data and additional observations collected from a stationary RFID antenna mounted on a weir crest, we expand on existing models and mechanisms to show how a system may continue to exhibit supply-limited conditions downstream without the need for a net attenuation of sediment to occur indefinitely.

These results indicate that low-head dams may continue to alter the hydrosedimentary processes of fluvial systems long after dam construction and any hypothetical storage capacity has been reached. Though the impact low-head dams have on sediment disconnectivity to the downstream reach is likely to be variable and relatively localized, we hypothesize that the magnitude of any supply-limitation experienced downstream is predominantly a function of both dam height and the structure’s propensity to become drowned out under high flows.

ACS Style

Colm M. Casserly; John J. O'sullivan; Michael Bruen; Jonathan N. Turner; Craig Bullock; Jens Carlsson; Bernie Ball; Siobhan Atkinson; Mary Kelly-Quinn. Investigating the impact of low-head dams on sediment transport dynamics in gravel-cobble streams. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Colm M. Casserly, John J. O'sullivan, Michael Bruen, Jonathan N. Turner, Craig Bullock, Jens Carlsson, Bernie Ball, Siobhan Atkinson, Mary Kelly-Quinn. Investigating the impact of low-head dams on sediment transport dynamics in gravel-cobble streams. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Colm M. Casserly; John J. O'sullivan; Michael Bruen; Jonathan N. Turner; Craig Bullock; Jens Carlsson; Bernie Ball; Siobhan Atkinson; Mary Kelly-Quinn. 2020. "Investigating the impact of low-head dams on sediment transport dynamics in gravel-cobble streams." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 10 March 2020
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With the expected increase in flooding due to climate change, accurate estimation of precipitation and the resulting modelled hydrographs are an essential requirement for reliable flood forecasts. At present, most radar rainfall adjustment methods require raingauge data to increase the accuracy of the precipitation estimates. One disadvantage is that raingauges only measure precipitation at a given point and usually there are a relatively small number of these points in a typical catchment (and some smaller catchments may not have any). River discharge from the catchment integrates the influence of catchment-wide precipitation and can often be more accurately measured than the areal rainfall, especially in areas with a sparse raingauge network. Here, we present a non-raingauge radar adjustment method that utilises discharge data only to adjust radar precipitation estimates for input to hydrological models. This method allows a hydrological model to adjust its treatment of precipitation input, through an additional model parameter, by comparing the observed and modelled hydrographs. An additional advantage of this method is that it can be also applied to adjust any form of precipitation input (e.g. radar, raingauge or satellite)  to produce more accurate hydrograph estimates. This proposed method is comparable to a traditional radar raingauge adjustment method over a number of catchments and hydrological models, for both peak flows and for the entire hydrograph. Additionally, this method allows for the adjusted of catchment averaged raingauge precipitation measurements to correct for any possibly errors due to using point data i.e. spatial density or representative issues. This results in a substantial improvement in discharge estimation compared to the un-adjusted raingauge measurements.

ACS Style

Fiachra O'loughlin; Michael Bruen. QPE adjustment using river discharge. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Fiachra O'loughlin, Michael Bruen. QPE adjustment using river discharge. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fiachra O'loughlin; Michael Bruen. 2020. "QPE adjustment using river discharge." , no. : 1.

Research article
Published: 04 March 2020 in Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
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The ecological integrity of freshwater ecosystems is intimately linked to natural fluctuations in the river flow regime. In catchments with little human-induced alterations of the flow regime (e.g. abstractions and regulations), existing hydrological models can be used to predict changes in the local flow regime to assess any changes in its rivers' living environment for endemic species. However, hydrological models are traditionally calibrated to give a good general fit to observed hydrographs, e.g. using criteria such as the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) or the Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE). Much ecological research has shown that aquatic species respond to a range of specific characteristics of the hydrograph, including magnitude, frequency, duration, timing, and the rate of change of flow events. This study investigates the performance of specially developed and tailored criteria formed from combinations of those specific streamflow characteristics (SFCs) found to be ecologically relevant in previous ecohydrological studies. These are compared with the more traditional Kling–Gupta criterion for 33 Irish catchments. A split-sample test with a rolling window is applied to reduce the influence on the conclusions of differences between the calibration and evaluation periods. These tailored criteria are shown to be marginally better suited to predicting the targeted streamflow characteristics; however, traditional criteria are more robust and produce more consistent behavioural parameter sets, suggesting a trade-off between model performance and model parameter consistency when predicting specific streamflow characteristics. Analysis of the fitting to each of 165 streamflow characteristics revealed a general lack of versatility for criteria with a strong focus on low-flow conditions, especially in predicting high-flow conditions. On the other hand, the Kling–Gupta efficiency applied to the square root of flow values performs as well as two sets of tailored criteria across the 165 streamflow characteristics. These findings suggest that traditional composite criteria such as the Kling–Gupta efficiency may still be preferable over tailored criteria for the prediction of streamflow characteristics, when robustness and consistency are important.

ACS Style

Thibault Hallouin; Michael Bruen; Fiachra E. O'Loughlin. Calibration of hydrological models for ecologically relevant streamflow predictions: a trade-off between fitting well to data and estimating consistent parameter sets? Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 2020, 24, 1031 -1054.

AMA Style

Thibault Hallouin, Michael Bruen, Fiachra E. O'Loughlin. Calibration of hydrological models for ecologically relevant streamflow predictions: a trade-off between fitting well to data and estimating consistent parameter sets? Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 2020; 24 (3):1031-1054.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Thibault Hallouin; Michael Bruen; Fiachra E. O'Loughlin. 2020. "Calibration of hydrological models for ecologically relevant streamflow predictions: a trade-off between fitting well to data and estimating consistent parameter sets?" Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 24, no. 3: 1031-1054.

Journal article
Published: 08 February 2020 in Science of The Total Environment
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Knowledge of the location, physical attributes and impacts of obstacles on river connectivity is a requirement for any mitigating action aimed at restoring the connectivity of a river system. Here, we present a study that recorded the numbers and physical diversity of obstacles in 10 river catchments in Ireland, together with the impact these structures had on overall river connectivity. A total of 372 obstacles were recorded, 3 of these were dams, and the remainder were low-head weirs/sluices, obstacles associated with road or rail crossings of rivers and natural structures. The degree of fragmentation was estimated in each catchment by calculating obstacle density and the Dendritic Connectivity Index (DCI). DCI scores were calculated for 4 native Irish fish species with different life-histories, namely diadromous (Atlantic salmon, sea trout, European eel, sea lamprey) and potamodromous (brown trout). Obstacle density ranged between 1.2 and 0.02 obstacles/km of river. Six of the 10 catchments had at least one obstacle located on the mainstem river at least 5 km from its mouth/confluence. These 6 catchments typically had the lowest connectivity scores for diadromous species and ranged between 0.6 and 44.1 (a fully connected river would receive a maximum score of 100). While there was no significant correlation between obstacle density and the DCI score for diadromous fish, a significant negative correlation was detected between obstacle density and the DCI score for potamodromous brown trout. Here, we highlight the merit of these obstacle assessments and associated challenges for decision-making relating to prioritisation of obstacles for removal or modification.

ACS Style

Siobhán Atkinson; Michael Bruen; John J. O' Sullivan; Jonathan N. Turner; Bernard Ball; Jens Carlsson; Craig Bullock; Colm Casserly; Mary Kelly-Quinn. An inspection-based assessment of obstacles to salmon, trout, eel and lamprey migration and river channel connectivity in Ireland. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 719, 137215 .

AMA Style

Siobhán Atkinson, Michael Bruen, John J. O' Sullivan, Jonathan N. Turner, Bernard Ball, Jens Carlsson, Craig Bullock, Colm Casserly, Mary Kelly-Quinn. An inspection-based assessment of obstacles to salmon, trout, eel and lamprey migration and river channel connectivity in Ireland. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 719 ():137215.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Siobhán Atkinson; Michael Bruen; John J. O' Sullivan; Jonathan N. Turner; Bernard Ball; Jens Carlsson; Craig Bullock; Colm Casserly; Mary Kelly-Quinn. 2020. "An inspection-based assessment of obstacles to salmon, trout, eel and lamprey migration and river channel connectivity in Ireland." Science of The Total Environment 719, no. : 137215.

Journal article
Published: 24 January 2020 in Science of The Total Environment
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This paper presents an empirical study that uses the movement of RFID tracers to investigate the impacts of low-head dams on solid transport dynamics in coarse-bedded streams. Here we report on the influence of two structures located in Ireland's South-East, both of which indicate that particles greater than the reach D90 can be carried through and over low-head dams. This observation suggests that both structures may have reached a state of ‘transient storage’ as hypothesized by previous research. However, when the data were reinterpreted as fractional transport rates using a novel application of existing empirical relations, we observed patterns consistent with supply-limited conditions downstream. Expanding on existing conceptual models and mechanisms, we illustrate how a system may continue to exhibit supply-limited conditions downstream without the need for a net attenuation of sediment to occur indefinitely. We propose that once a transient storage capacity has been reached, the system then enters a state of dynamic disconnectivity where the long-term average sediment flux equals that under reference conditions, but now with the amplitude and wavelength of these sediment fluctuations having increased. We hypothesize that the time-lag associated with the reduced frequency of events competent enough to move bedload over the structure accounts for the time necessary to complete the ‘fill’ phase of the transient storage dynamic; a process that will continue until both the fill and flow thresholds are again met to allow the system to reenter the ‘scour’ phase. This model reconciles how a system may exhibit a sediment deficit for time intervals longer than those experienced under reference conditions. As water and sediment are the drivers of channel morphology and associated habitat units, the impact a structure has on a channel's sediment regime should therefore form part of any assessment regarding the prioritization of barriers for removal or remediation.

ACS Style

Colm M. Casserly; Jonathan N. Turner; John J. O'Sullivan; Michael Bruen; Craig Bullock; Siobhán Atkinson; Mary Kelly-Quinn. Impact of low-head dams on bedload transport rates in coarse-bedded streams. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 716, 136908 .

AMA Style

Colm M. Casserly, Jonathan N. Turner, John J. O'Sullivan, Michael Bruen, Craig Bullock, Siobhán Atkinson, Mary Kelly-Quinn. Impact of low-head dams on bedload transport rates in coarse-bedded streams. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 716 ():136908.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Colm M. Casserly; Jonathan N. Turner; John J. O'Sullivan; Michael Bruen; Craig Bullock; Siobhán Atkinson; Mary Kelly-Quinn. 2020. "Impact of low-head dams on bedload transport rates in coarse-bedded streams." Science of The Total Environment 716, no. : 136908.

Article
Published: 25 October 2019 in Environmental Modeling & Assessment
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Where diffuse losses of nutrients from agriculture is a major challenge for integrated catchment management and the achievement of Water Framework Directive objectives, modelling tools can be used to target the high-risk areas and focus the limited resources available for mitigation measures. The Catchment Characterisation Tool (CCT) is a GIS-based model developed to assess the potential risk posed by nitrate and phosphate from diffuse agricultural sources to surface water and groundwater by delineating critical source areas in Irish sub-catchments. The CCT model results have been generated to support pressure-impact assessments following the source-pathway-receptor concept to target local catchment stream walks in areas where the potential impact may be higher. These risk maps can be used at a maximum scale of 1:25,000 (e.g. water body scale) to target areas for Local Catchment Assessments and are not designed or suitable to be used on their own as a basis for decisions at local or field scale. Consequently, these maps act as signposts for where further characterisation and engagement actions should be prioritised. This paper details the model structure and data requirements for the CCT for nitrate followed by validation of the results by comparing a national dataset of measured nitrate concentrations in Irish water bodies with values predicted by the CCT. The model performed well at predicting the annual average nitrate concentrations, with surface waters showing better correlation with CCT predictions than for groundwater. More detailed comparisons with intensively monitored test catchments showed satisfactory correlation between the predictions and measured concentrations. The outputs are displayed in pollution impact potential (PIP) maps that rank the modelled values so that prioritisation can be given to the higher ranked areas or critical source areas.

ACS Style

Ian Packham; Eva Mockler; Marie Archbold; Anthony Mannix; Donal Daly; Jenny Deakin; Michael Bruen. Catchment Characterisation Tool: Prioritising Critical Source Areas for managing diffuse nitrate pollution. Environmental Modeling & Assessment 2019, 25, 23 -39.

AMA Style

Ian Packham, Eva Mockler, Marie Archbold, Anthony Mannix, Donal Daly, Jenny Deakin, Michael Bruen. Catchment Characterisation Tool: Prioritising Critical Source Areas for managing diffuse nitrate pollution. Environmental Modeling & Assessment. 2019; 25 (1):23-39.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ian Packham; Eva Mockler; Marie Archbold; Anthony Mannix; Donal Daly; Jenny Deakin; Michael Bruen. 2019. "Catchment Characterisation Tool: Prioritising Critical Source Areas for managing diffuse nitrate pollution." Environmental Modeling & Assessment 25, no. 1: 23-39.

Preprint content
Published: 06 May 2019 in Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions
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The ecological integrity of freshwater ecosystems is intimately linked to natural fluctuations in the river flow regime. Anthropogenic alterations in flow regimes threaten water security and freshwater biodiversity in many regions of the world. The impacts of climate change on the hydrological cycle change local flow regimes and thus impact on the ecological systems. In catchments with little human-induced hydro-morphological changes, existing hydrological models can be used to predict changes in local flow regime in order to assess whether its rivers remain a suitable living environment for endemic species. However, hydrological models are traditionally calibrated to give a good general fit between observed and simulated hydrographs, e.g., using an optimisation with an objective function such as the Nash-Sutcliffe, or the Kling–Gupta efficiencies. Much ecological research has shown that aquatic species respond to very specific characteristics of the hydrograph, whether magnitude, frequency, duration, timing, and rate of change of flow events. Since each community in a river may be particularly sensitive to a few very specific streamflow characteristics, alternative hydrological model calibration strategies are needed, focussing on good performance for those specific characteristics. This study investigates the performance of a set of specially developed, bespoke, objective functions made of combinations of specific streamflow characteristics relevant for fish and invertebrate communities. These are compared with the more traditional objective functions on a set of 33 Irish catchments with little human regulation. A split-sample test with a rolling-window procedure is applied to reduce the influence of variations between the calibration/evaluation periods on the conclusions. These bespoke objective functions are shown to be better suited to predict the targetted streamflow characteristics in terms of performance in evaluation; however, traditional objective functions yield more consistent behavioural parameter sets, indicating a trade-off between model performance and model consistency when predicting streamflow characteristics, especially when the number of target streamflow characteristics are low.

ACS Style

Thibault Hallouin; Michael Bruen; Fiachra E. O'loughlin. Calibration of hydrological models for ecologically-relevant streamflow predictions: a trade-off between performance and consistency. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 2019, 1 -31.

AMA Style

Thibault Hallouin, Michael Bruen, Fiachra E. O'loughlin. Calibration of hydrological models for ecologically-relevant streamflow predictions: a trade-off between performance and consistency. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions. 2019; ():1-31.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Thibault Hallouin; Michael Bruen; Fiachra E. O'loughlin. 2019. "Calibration of hydrological models for ecologically-relevant streamflow predictions: a trade-off between performance and consistency." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions , no. : 1-31.

Preprint content
Published: 06 May 2019
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ACS Style

Thibault Hallouin; Michael Bruen; Fiachra E. O'loughlin. Supplementary material to "Calibration of hydrological models for ecologically-relevant streamflow predictions: a trade-off between performance and consistency". 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

Thibault Hallouin, Michael Bruen, Fiachra E. O'loughlin. Supplementary material to "Calibration of hydrological models for ecologically-relevant streamflow predictions: a trade-off between performance and consistency". . 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Thibault Hallouin; Michael Bruen; Fiachra E. O'loughlin. 2019. "Supplementary material to "Calibration of hydrological models for ecologically-relevant streamflow predictions: a trade-off between performance and consistency"." , no. : 1.

Book chapter
Published: 05 January 2019 in Handbook of Hydrometeorological Ensemble Forecasting
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Over the last few decades, hydrometeorological forecasting, warning and decision making has benefited greatly from advances in the natural, physical, computing and social sciences. A fast developing computing capability has enabled meteorologists to produce ensemble prediction systems (EPS) that quantify the uncertainty in forecasting and simulating floods, droughts, and in water management decision making. At the same time, the social sciences have helped to understand the human perceptions of risk information and how different actors communicate hazard, risk and uncertainty information. Ultimately hydrometeorological forecasts are used in making decisions. However, to be effective, such decisions must be communicated to the hazard response organisations and to the general public. For this, the communication must be simple and clear, it must be relevant and should come from a trusted source. This overview summarises how such communication is organised for a variety of applications in different countries. It is the effectiveness of the entire system which must be considered and assessed. As ensembles are increasingly used in increasingly longer term management and policy decisions, the range of end-users and their differing requirements can only expand and flexibility and adaptability to individual circumstances will be required from both the natural and social scientists involved.

ACS Style

Jutta Thielen-Del Pozo; Michael Bruen. Overview of Forecast Communication and Use of Ensemble Hydrometeorological Forecasts. Handbook of Hydrometeorological Ensemble Forecasting 2019, 1037 -1045.

AMA Style

Jutta Thielen-Del Pozo, Michael Bruen. Overview of Forecast Communication and Use of Ensemble Hydrometeorological Forecasts. Handbook of Hydrometeorological Ensemble Forecasting. 2019; ():1037-1045.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jutta Thielen-Del Pozo; Michael Bruen. 2019. "Overview of Forecast Communication and Use of Ensemble Hydrometeorological Forecasts." Handbook of Hydrometeorological Ensemble Forecasting , no. : 1037-1045.

Research article
Published: 07 August 2018 in River Research and Applications
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This study evaluates two desk‐based approaches for building an inventory of man‐made river obstacles. The creation of a river obstacle inventory is a vital first step in developing a prioritization process for obstacle removal and/or modification. In this study, a desktop geographical information system analysis of two rivers and their tributary network was undertaken, using two different approaches. The first involved analysing historical maps, satellite imagery, and Ordnance Survey Ireland Discovery Series maps and producing a geo‐referenced layer of all the potential river obstacles. The second involved developing a geo‐referenced layer of potential river obstacles based on the intersections between elements of the transport network (roads and railways) and river systems. To determine the effectiveness of the desk studies, the located obstacles were cross‐referenced with actual obstacles verified through a field survey. The desk studies identified several thousand potential obstacles. The study utilizing a range of maps consistently located a greater number of actual obstacles than the desk study based on intersections between the transport and river networks. The results indicate that desk‐based research offers an efficient and effective method for locating river obstacles and can guide subsequent field surveys aimed at confirming the presence of obstacles. This is particularly useful for eliminating from study large stretches of rivers that would otherwise need to be walked to confirm the presence, or otherwise, of potential river obstacles. In this regard, desk‐based exercises can offer opportunities to save on both time and cost in larger river assessments.

ACS Style

Siobhán Atkinson; Michael Bruen; Jonathan N. Turner; Bernard Ball; Craig Bullock; John J. O'Sullivan; Colm Casserly; James J. King; Alan Cullagh; Mary Kelly-Quinn. The value of a desk study for building a national river obstacle inventory. River Research and Applications 2018, 34, 1085 -1094.

AMA Style

Siobhán Atkinson, Michael Bruen, Jonathan N. Turner, Bernard Ball, Craig Bullock, John J. O'Sullivan, Colm Casserly, James J. King, Alan Cullagh, Mary Kelly-Quinn. The value of a desk study for building a national river obstacle inventory. River Research and Applications. 2018; 34 (8):1085-1094.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Siobhán Atkinson; Michael Bruen; Jonathan N. Turner; Bernard Ball; Craig Bullock; John J. O'Sullivan; Colm Casserly; James J. King; Alan Cullagh; Mary Kelly-Quinn. 2018. "The value of a desk study for building a national river obstacle inventory." River Research and Applications 34, no. 8: 1085-1094.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2018 in Science of The Total Environment
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Estimates of sediment yield are important for ecological and geomorphological assessment of fluvial systems and for assessment of soil erosion within a catchment. Many regulatory frameworks, such as the Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic, derived from the Oslo and Paris Commissions (OSPAR) require reporting of annual sediment fluxes. While they may be measured in large rivers, sediment flux is rarely measured in smaller rivers. Measurements of sediment transport at a national scale can be also challenging and therefore, sediment yield models are often utilised by water resource managers for the predictions of sediment yields in the ungauged catchments. Regression based models, calibrated to field measurements, can offer an advantage over complex and computational models due to their simplicity, easy access to input data and due to the additional insights into factors controlling sediment export in the study sites. While traditionally calibrated to long-term average values of sediment yields such predictions cannot represent temporal variations. This study addresses this issue in a novel way by taking account of the variation from year to year in hydrological variables in the developed models (using annual mean runoff, annual mean flow, flows exceeded in five percentage of the time (Q5) and seasonal rainfall estimated separately for each year of observations). Other parameters included in the models represent spatial differences influenced by factors such as soil properties (% poorly drained soils and % peaty soils), land-use (% pasture or % arable lands), channel slope (S1085) and drainage network properties (drainage density). Catchment descriptors together with year-specific hydrological variables can explain both spatial differences and inter-annual variability of suspended sediment yields. The methodology is demonstrated by deriving equations from Irish data-sets (compiled in this study) with the best model efficiency of 0.84 and best model fit of adjusted R(2) of 0.82. Presented approach shows the potential for regression based models to model contemporary suspended sediment yields in small river systems.

ACS Style

A. Rymszewicz; M. Bruen; J.J. O'sullivan; J.N. Turner; D.M. Lawler; J.R. Harrington; E. Conroy; M. Kelly-Quinn. Modelling spatial and temporal variations of annual suspended sediment yields from small agricultural catchments. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 619-620, 672 -684.

AMA Style

A. Rymszewicz, M. Bruen, J.J. O'sullivan, J.N. Turner, D.M. Lawler, J.R. Harrington, E. Conroy, M. Kelly-Quinn. Modelling spatial and temporal variations of annual suspended sediment yields from small agricultural catchments. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 619-620 ():672-684.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Rymszewicz; M. Bruen; J.J. O'sullivan; J.N. Turner; D.M. Lawler; J.R. Harrington; E. Conroy; M. Kelly-Quinn. 2018. "Modelling spatial and temporal variations of annual suspended sediment yields from small agricultural catchments." Science of The Total Environment 619-620, no. : 672-684.

Review
Published: 27 January 2018 in Geosciences
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Freshwater ecosystems contribute to many ecosystem services, many of which are being threatened by human activities such as land use change, river morphological changes, and climate change. Many disciplines have studied the processes underlying freshwater ecosystem functions, ranging from hydrology to ecology, including water quality, and a panoply of models are available to simulate their behaviour. This understanding is useful for the prediction of ecosystem services, but the model outputs must go beyond the production of time-series of biophysical variables, and must facilitate the beneficial use of the information it contains about the ecosystem services it describes. This article analyses the literature of ad hoc approaches that aim at quantifying one or more freshwater ecosystem services. It identifies the strategies adopted to use disciplinary-specific models for the prediction of the services. This review identifies that hydrological, water quality, and ecological models form a valuable knowledge base to predict changes in ecosystem conditions, but challenges remain to make proper and fruitful use of these models. In particular, considerations of temporal and spatial scales could be given more attention in order to provide better justifications for the choice of a particular model over another, including the uncertainty in their predictions.

ACS Style

Thibault Hallouin; Michael Bruen; Mike Christie; Craig Bullock; Mary Kelly-Quinn. Challenges in Using Hydrology and Water Quality Models for Assessing Freshwater Ecosystem Services: A Review. Geosciences 2018, 8, 45 .

AMA Style

Thibault Hallouin, Michael Bruen, Mike Christie, Craig Bullock, Mary Kelly-Quinn. Challenges in Using Hydrology and Water Quality Models for Assessing Freshwater Ecosystem Services: A Review. Geosciences. 2018; 8 (2):45.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Thibault Hallouin; Michael Bruen; Mike Christie; Craig Bullock; Mary Kelly-Quinn. 2018. "Challenges in Using Hydrology and Water Quality Models for Assessing Freshwater Ecosystem Services: A Review." Geosciences 8, no. 2: 45.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2017 in Science of The Total Environment
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More than half of surface water bodies in Europe are at less than good ecological status according to Water Framework Directive assessments, and diffuse pollution from agriculture remains a major, but not the only, cause of this poor performance. Agri-environmental policy and land management practices have, in many areas, reduced nutrient emissions to water. However, additional measures may be required in Ireland to further decouple the relationship between agricultural productivity and emissions to water, which is of vital importance given on-going agricultural intensification. The Source Load Apportionment Model (SLAM) framework characterises sources of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) emissions to water at a range of scales from sub-catchment to national. The SLAM synthesises land use and physical characteristics to predict emissions from point (wastewater, industry discharges and septic tank systems) and diffuse sources (agriculture, forestry, etc.). The predicted annual nutrient emissions were assessed against monitoring data for 16 major river catchments covering 50% of the area of Ireland. At national scale, results indicate that total average annual emissions to surface water in Ireland are over 2700tyr of P and 82,000tyr of N. The proportional contributions from individual sources show that the main sources of P are from municipal wastewater treatment plants and agriculture, with wide variations across the country related to local anthropogenic pressures and the hydrogeological setting. Agriculture is the main source of N emissions to water across all regions of Ireland. These policy-relevant results synthesised large amounts of information in order to identify the dominant sources of nutrients at regional and local scales, contributing to the national nutrient risk assessment of Irish water bodies.

ACS Style

Eva M. Mockler; Jenny Deakin; Marie Archbold; Laurence Gill; Donal Daly; Michael Bruen. Sources of nitrogen and phosphorus emissions to Irish rivers and coastal waters: Estimates from a nutrient load apportionment framework. Science of The Total Environment 2017, 601-602, 326 -339.

AMA Style

Eva M. Mockler, Jenny Deakin, Marie Archbold, Laurence Gill, Donal Daly, Michael Bruen. Sources of nitrogen and phosphorus emissions to Irish rivers and coastal waters: Estimates from a nutrient load apportionment framework. Science of The Total Environment. 2017; 601-602 ():326-339.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eva M. Mockler; Jenny Deakin; Marie Archbold; Laurence Gill; Donal Daly; Michael Bruen. 2017. "Sources of nitrogen and phosphorus emissions to Irish rivers and coastal waters: Estimates from a nutrient load apportionment framework." Science of The Total Environment 601-602, no. : 326-339.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2017 in Journal of Environmental Management
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The use of turbidity for indicating environmentally detrimental levels of suspended and colloidal matter in freshwater systems, and for defining acceptable water quality standards in national and European drinking water regulations, is well established. Turbidity is therefore frequently adopted as a surrogate for suspended sediment concentrations (SSC), or as a relative and objective measure of water clarity in monitoring programmes. Through systematic, controlled experimentation, we tested the response of 12 commercially available turbidity sensors, of various designs, to gauge their measurement consistency when benchmarked against pre-prepared sediment suspensions of known SSC. Results showed that despite calibration to a Formazin standard, sensor responses to identical SSC solutions (in the range of 20-1000 mg L) varied considerably. For a given SSC, up to five-fold differences in recorded turbidity were recorded across the tested instruments. Furthermore, inconsistent measurements were identified across instruments, regardless of whether they operated using backscatter or side-scatter optical principles. While the findings may have implications for compliance with turbidity-based water quality standards, they are less likely to be an issue when turbidity is being used as a surrogate for SSC, provided that instrument use remains constant and that instrument drift is not an issue. In this study, a field comparison of a subset of four study sensors showed that despite very different absolute turbidity readings for a given SSC, well correlated and reliable turbidity - SSC ratings were established (as evidenced by r coefficients from 0.92 to 0.98). This led to reasonably consistent suspended sediment load estimates of between 64.7 and 70.8 tonnes for a rainfall event analysed. This study highlights the potential for issues to arise when interpreting water turbidity datasets that are often assumed to be comparable, in that measurement inconsistency of the type reported here may remain unknown to water resource decision-makers and practitioners.

ACS Style

A. Rymszewicz; J.J. O'Sullivan; M. Bruen; J.N. Turner; D.M. Lawler; E. Conroy; M. Kelly-Quinn. Measurement differences between turbidity instruments, and their implications for suspended sediment concentration and load calculations: A sensor inter-comparison study. Journal of Environmental Management 2017, 199, 99 -108.

AMA Style

A. Rymszewicz, J.J. O'Sullivan, M. Bruen, J.N. Turner, D.M. Lawler, E. Conroy, M. Kelly-Quinn. Measurement differences between turbidity instruments, and their implications for suspended sediment concentration and load calculations: A sensor inter-comparison study. Journal of Environmental Management. 2017; 199 ():99-108.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Rymszewicz; J.J. O'Sullivan; M. Bruen; J.N. Turner; D.M. Lawler; E. Conroy; M. Kelly-Quinn. 2017. "Measurement differences between turbidity instruments, and their implications for suspended sediment concentration and load calculations: A sensor inter-comparison study." Journal of Environmental Management 199, no. : 99-108.

Primary research paper
Published: 28 August 2017 in Hydrobiologia
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The impact of fine sediments on both habitat quality and macroinvertebrate communities of riverine systems has been well documented over recent years. However, there is a paucity of studies examining the mechanisms that relate macroinvertebrate sensitivity and responses of individual macroinvertebrate species to burial by sediment. Laboratory-based burial experiments were undertaken to study the response of some EPT species including Baetis rhodani, Ecdyonurus insignis, Rhithrogena semicolorata, Hydropsyche siltalai, Rhyacophila dorsalis and the amphipod Gammarus duebeni to burial. A range of burial conditions were studied which included five sediment fractions at two burial depths. Responses were variable across species and, overall, the ranking of the determinants that impacted on species responses to burial was burial depth > sediment class > species source, with no detectable effect linked to body size. Increased burial depth had the most marked effects on emergence times, while slower escape times were also observed from the finer sediment classes. Species source also influenced responses with some upland species taking longer or failing to emerge from burial. Further mechanistic studies, based on EPT species, are required to enhance our understanding of how and at what level sediment affect species, an essential step in developing pressure-specific biological metrics.

ACS Style

E. Conroy; J. N. Turner; A. Rymszewicz; Michael Bruen; J. J. O’Sullivan; D. M. Lawler; S. Stafford; M. Kelly-Quinn. Further insights into the responses of macroinvertebrate species to burial by sediment. Hydrobiologia 2017, 805, 399 -411.

AMA Style

E. Conroy, J. N. Turner, A. Rymszewicz, Michael Bruen, J. J. O’Sullivan, D. M. Lawler, S. Stafford, M. Kelly-Quinn. Further insights into the responses of macroinvertebrate species to burial by sediment. Hydrobiologia. 2017; 805 (1):399-411.

Chicago/Turabian Style

E. Conroy; J. N. Turner; A. Rymszewicz; Michael Bruen; J. J. O’Sullivan; D. M. Lawler; S. Stafford; M. Kelly-Quinn. 2017. "Further insights into the responses of macroinvertebrate species to burial by sediment." Hydrobiologia 805, no. 1: 399-411.