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The interlocking and packing of aggregate particles play a key role in achieving high level of linear viscoelastic properties and rutting resistance in asphalt mix for sustainable pavements. In this study, the quantitative effect of fractured aggregate particles (FAPs) on loading (i.e., 500 kPa normal stress), along with the resilience properties of asphalt mixes, was evaluated. Linear and nonlinear stress behaviors of aggregates (from direct shear test) and asphalt mixes (from resilient modulus test) were analyzed. A new quantitative parameter (linear stress ratio), i.e., linear stress (Pi)/maximum stress (Pmax), is proposed to be used in selection of aggregates for asphalt mixes. It was observed that 15.5% increase in FAPs caused 19.5% increase in ϕ and 70.7% increase in linear stress ratio (LSR). The same content of FAPs resulted in 29.4% and 36% increases in total resilient modulus (MRT) and 34.2% and 24.5% increases in instantaneous resilient modulus (MRI) for 0.1 and 0.3 s load durations, respectively. The proposed LSR is observed to be superior to conventionally used ϕ for aggregate resistance in design of flexible pavements.
Mujasim Ali Rizvi; Ammad Hassan Khan; Zia Ur Rehman; Zubair Masoud; Aasim Inam. Effect of Fractured Aggregate Particles on Linear Stress Ratio of Aggregate and Resilience Properties of Asphalt Mixes—A Way Forward for Sustainable Pavements. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8630 .
AMA StyleMujasim Ali Rizvi, Ammad Hassan Khan, Zia Ur Rehman, Zubair Masoud, Aasim Inam. Effect of Fractured Aggregate Particles on Linear Stress Ratio of Aggregate and Resilience Properties of Asphalt Mixes—A Way Forward for Sustainable Pavements. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (15):8630.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMujasim Ali Rizvi; Ammad Hassan Khan; Zia Ur Rehman; Zubair Masoud; Aasim Inam. 2021. "Effect of Fractured Aggregate Particles on Linear Stress Ratio of Aggregate and Resilience Properties of Asphalt Mixes—A Way Forward for Sustainable Pavements." Sustainability 13, no. 15: 8630.
The road traffic injuries are one of the leading cause of death in children and young adults according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The risk of a crash increases approximately four times for drivers using mobile phones during driving. This study investigates the importance of different factors affecting the driver’s choice to use mobile phones for conversation during driving in Lahore, Pakistan. A questionnaire survey was conducted to check the tendency of mobile phone usage during driving from different locations of the city. Participants were asked to indicate frequency, risk, importance and emotionality of ten different conversations. A Structural Equation Model (SEM), similar to a previous study, conducted in Beijing, was developed for the frequency of calling and texting during driving with perceived risk of calling and texting, perceived importance and emotionality as predictors. The frequency of different conversations shows that perceived importance of the call mainly influences the driver’s choice to make a call during driving in Lahore. The result of the model show that perceived risk has a significant negative effect on driver's decision to call or text in Lahore, similarly to Beijing. The results also indicates that drivers prefer calling on mobile phones in comparison to texting during driving in Lahore.
Arslan Jamil; Saadia Tabassum; Muhammad Waqas Younis; Ammad Hassan Khan; Zia Ur Rehman; Irum Sanaullah. Analytical study to find the impacts of using a mobile phone on driver's inattentions while driving – A case study of Lahore. Accident Analysis & Prevention 2021, 157, 106132 .
AMA StyleArslan Jamil, Saadia Tabassum, Muhammad Waqas Younis, Ammad Hassan Khan, Zia Ur Rehman, Irum Sanaullah. Analytical study to find the impacts of using a mobile phone on driver's inattentions while driving – A case study of Lahore. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2021; 157 ():106132.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArslan Jamil; Saadia Tabassum; Muhammad Waqas Younis; Ammad Hassan Khan; Zia Ur Rehman; Irum Sanaullah. 2021. "Analytical study to find the impacts of using a mobile phone on driver's inattentions while driving – A case study of Lahore." Accident Analysis & Prevention 157, no. : 106132.
Increased urbanization implicated in the form of increased vehicles on roads which burdened limited resources and caused environmental deterioration. To reduce these effects, a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system was considered the right solution, requiring minimal infrastructure, as compared to other mass transit options, yet demanding great expertise. This research analyses BRT systems in four cities of Pakistan and the performance evaluation of BRT standards is conducted by developing a statistical model to evaluate predictive BRT standard, which results in identifying the parameters used to improve the performance of the BRT, thus resulting in improved BRT Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP) standard. As per ITDP, Peshawar BRT was ranked as Gold, whereas Lahore BRT, Rawalpindi/Islamabad BRT and Multan BRT were ranked as Silver. Research describes that ITDP rating can be significantly enhanced if worked in the right direction, taking into account the standards; Peshawar BRT is an example to follow for existing and future BRT in Pakistan. If fully integrated networks of routes and corridors for Lahore, Rawalpindi/Islamabad and Multan BRT have been developed, the model predicts the enhancement of ratings. This paper will assist transport policy makers to strategize in accordance with ITDP standard developed to evaluate and improve the quality of BRT.
Farhan Haider; Zia Rehman; Ammad Khan; Maryam Ilyas; Inamullah Khan. Performance Evaluation of BRT Standard in Decision Support System for Integrated Transportation Policy. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1957 .
AMA StyleFarhan Haider, Zia Rehman, Ammad Khan, Maryam Ilyas, Inamullah Khan. Performance Evaluation of BRT Standard in Decision Support System for Integrated Transportation Policy. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):1957.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFarhan Haider; Zia Rehman; Ammad Khan; Maryam Ilyas; Inamullah Khan. 2021. "Performance Evaluation of BRT Standard in Decision Support System for Integrated Transportation Policy." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 1957.
The rising concerns about the environment and sustainability are leading towards the need of recyclable materials to protect the environment and help in resource conservation. Sulfur concrete (SC) is a unique composite that does not utilize water and energy intensively produced cement. As a substitute to cement, molten sulfur firmly binds aggregates upon hardening. The sulfur concrete is recyclable and can be easily remolded in new applications. Moreover, sulfur is a by-product of the petroleum industry with almost zero carbon footprint. In this study, the mechanical (compressive strength and modulus of rupture) and durability properties (water absorption, salt attack-resistance, acid attack-resistance and alkali attack-resistance) of SC were evaluated after recasting without the addition of a new binder. The properties of fresh and recast SC were compared with those of the conventional Portland cement concrete (PCC) and sulfate resisting cement concrete (SRC). The results reveal that both the mechanical and durability properties of SC have significantly improved after the first recycling/recasting. However, there is a drastic decrease in strength and durability performance after the second recasting. Durability and mechanical performance of fresh and first recast SC is noticeably higher compared to PCC and SRC.
Muhammad Ahsan Gulzar; Abdur Rahim; Babar Ali; Ammad Hassan Khan. An investigation on recycling potential of sulfur concrete. Journal of Building Engineering 2021, 38, 102175 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Ahsan Gulzar, Abdur Rahim, Babar Ali, Ammad Hassan Khan. An investigation on recycling potential of sulfur concrete. Journal of Building Engineering. 2021; 38 ():102175.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Ahsan Gulzar; Abdur Rahim; Babar Ali; Ammad Hassan Khan. 2021. "An investigation on recycling potential of sulfur concrete." Journal of Building Engineering 38, no. : 102175.
The increased cost of virgin material, declining resources and increasing plastic wastes have turned the research momentum towards sustainable and green pavements. Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) from the construction industry and plastic wastes disposal is the main problem for Pakistan as well as other developing countries in the face of fewer funds for the construction, repair, and rehabilitation of the extensive road network. In this research, the attempt has been made to study the use of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement and plastic wastes to counter these issues. Virgin binder was modified with three different contents (2%, 4%, and 6%) of Polyethylene Terephthalate and three contents (20%, 30%, and 40%) of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement. Conventional properties of the modified binder were determined by penetration and softening point. At the same time, thermal stability was checked by Thermal Gravimetric Analysis, and resistance against rutting was evaluated with the help of Dynamic Shear Rheometer. It is observed that modified binder remains stable up to a temperature of 470 °C and showed improved resistance against rutting. Marshall mix properties were determined and compared to specifications of the National Highway Authority of Pakistan. Optimum Marshall stability was observed with 4% Polyethylene Terephthalate, and 30% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement, while flow and air voids remained in limits. As per the results, utilisation of plastic wastes in asphalt pavements enhances the performance and helps to reduce the environmental pollution and landfill problems due to Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement and plastic wastes.
Umar Hayat; Abdur Rahim; Ammad Hassan Khan; Zia Ur Rehman. Use of Plastic Wastes and Reclaimed Asphalt for Sustainable Development. The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 2020, 15, 182 -196.
AMA StyleUmar Hayat, Abdur Rahim, Ammad Hassan Khan, Zia Ur Rehman. Use of Plastic Wastes and Reclaimed Asphalt for Sustainable Development. The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering. 2020; 15 (2):182-196.
Chicago/Turabian StyleUmar Hayat; Abdur Rahim; Ammad Hassan Khan; Zia Ur Rehman. 2020. "Use of Plastic Wastes and Reclaimed Asphalt for Sustainable Development." The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 15, no. 2: 182-196.
A complete and reliable Road Traffic Injuries (RTIs) data is essential for sustainable transport safety policy and health sector. This paper aims to determine the extent of underreporting of RTIs in Pakistan with police and Punjab Emergency Response Service (PERS), taking Lahore as a case study. Official data of RTIs was collected from five public sector hospitals of the Lahore city and matched with police and PERS data to determine the extent of underreporting. Further a population-based data from 540 respondents of the city was collected to identify different factors affecting underreporting. Discordance analysis revealed that the extent of underreporting with police was 99% and with PERS was 39%. Binary logistic regression and Odd-Ratios (OR) informed that car occupants were 4.34 times more likely to report with police. While young people were less likely to report with both police and PERS at rate of 17% and 50% respectively. Different institutional issues in the system were also highlighted based on informal discussions. The problem of underreporting is mostly observed for non-fatal crashes and young people. It also recommends to establish a road crash data unit at the city level to assess the actual burden of RTIs.
Muhammad Waqas Younis; Zahara Batool; Murtaza Bukhari; Zia Ur Rehman; Saqib Shahzad; Atteq Ur Rehman; Ammad Hassan Khan; Mazhar Yasin; Muhammad Irfan; Muhammad Sarmad Ali. Pattern of underreporting of Road Traffic Injuries (RTIs): An investigation of missing burden of RTIs in Pakistan. Journal of Transport & Health 2019, 14, 100575 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Waqas Younis, Zahara Batool, Murtaza Bukhari, Zia Ur Rehman, Saqib Shahzad, Atteq Ur Rehman, Ammad Hassan Khan, Mazhar Yasin, Muhammad Irfan, Muhammad Sarmad Ali. Pattern of underreporting of Road Traffic Injuries (RTIs): An investigation of missing burden of RTIs in Pakistan. Journal of Transport & Health. 2019; 14 ():100575.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Waqas Younis; Zahara Batool; Murtaza Bukhari; Zia Ur Rehman; Saqib Shahzad; Atteq Ur Rehman; Ammad Hassan Khan; Mazhar Yasin; Muhammad Irfan; Muhammad Sarmad Ali. 2019. "Pattern of underreporting of Road Traffic Injuries (RTIs): An investigation of missing burden of RTIs in Pakistan." Journal of Transport & Health 14, no. : 100575.
The prebored pressuremeter (PBP) test results depend on the quality of borehole, including its diameter, verticality, effectiveness of cleaning, and degree of wall disturbance. The true elastic modulus cannot be reasonably determined using the cavity pressure-strain curves measured in a borehole of poor quality. In this research, a stainless-steel casing (SSC) was devised to improve the quality of borehole. SSC of 1 to 4 m length was conjugated with a mechanical drilling system (MDS). At a test site, an auger and the MDS with or without the SSC were attempted to drill boreholes for the PBP tests. Among the three techniques, the MDS with SSC produced the reliable values of the initial elastic modulus at a low strain range (0.003% to 0.089%).
Zubair Masoud; Ammad Hassan Khan. An Improved Technique for Prebored Pressuremeter Tests. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 2019, 23, 2839 -2846.
AMA StyleZubair Masoud, Ammad Hassan Khan. An Improved Technique for Prebored Pressuremeter Tests. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering. 2019; 23 (7):2839-2846.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZubair Masoud; Ammad Hassan Khan. 2019. "An Improved Technique for Prebored Pressuremeter Tests." KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 23, no. 7: 2839-2846.
Achieving and maintaining quality values are indispensable for attaining organizational and customer satisfaction. This research investigates different aspects of operationalize quality culture and factors affecting the quality of building construction in under developed countries like Pakistan. A qualitative and quantitative survey was circulated among different stakeholders including Clients, Consultants and Contractors to assess the level of the contractor’s performance, the project monitoring and controlling techniques, proper health and safety requirements, client satisfaction and workers experience in construction industry projects. The practice of professional quality management in building projects is increasing, however, many flaws and negligence are still found in local practices. This analysis also indicates that political and socio-economic factors play a significant role in maintaining the quality level in local industry. Therefore, the allocation of sufficient resources, proper training of workers, and recruitment of quality control staff and the use of advanced technologies are recommended for proper implementation of QMS (Quality Management System).
Ammad Hassan Khan; Ali Imran; Muzamil Hussain. Evaluation of Quality during Construction Projects: A Case Study of Pakistan. July 2021 2019, 38, 69 -82.
AMA StyleAmmad Hassan Khan, Ali Imran, Muzamil Hussain. Evaluation of Quality during Construction Projects: A Case Study of Pakistan. July 2021. 2019; 38 (1):69-82.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmmad Hassan Khan; Ali Imran; Muzamil Hussain. 2019. "Evaluation of Quality during Construction Projects: A Case Study of Pakistan." July 2021 38, no. 1: 69-82.