People with cardiovascular risk have more depression than the general population. Depression and cardiovascular risk have been commonly linked to lower sense of coherence (SOC) values, unhealthy lifestyles, and poor sleep quality. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between depression, health-related lifestyles, sleep quality, and SOC in a population with cardiovascular risk. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 310 participants (aged 35–75 years) with cardiovascular risk. Sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics, cardiovascular risk, SOC score, depression levels, sleep quality, and lifestyles (physical activity, diet quality (measured as the adherence to the Mediterranean diet), and tobacco and alcohol consumption) were determined. The regression analysis showed significant associations between depression levels and sex (odds ratio (OR): 2.29; 95% CI: 1.29, 4.07), diet (OR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.99), body mass index (BMI) (OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.12), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (OR: 2.55; 95% CI: 1.18, 5.48), sleep quality (OR: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.46), and SOC (OR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.94, 0.98). Protective effects of male sex, a lower BMI, no CVD, a higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet, a high sleep quality, and a higher SOC were found. In conclusion, among lifestyles determined, only diet was associated with depression levels. SOC and sleep quality were also found as significant predictors for depression levels.

Adolescent high-performance gymnasts are considered to be at risk for low energy intake. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of implementing a nutritional education program during the sports season on the nutritional status and nutrition knowledge of the female artistic gymnasts from the Technification Center of the Balearic Islands (n = 24; age, 14.1 ± 2.3 years). A quasi-experimental intervention design was applied, which consisted of implementing a nutritional education program of seven sessions given during eight months. Measurements of nutritional intake, nutrition knowledge, and anthropometric parameters, as well as hematological and biochemical blood parameters, were performed. Gymnasts reported low energy and carbohydrate intakes, with significant increases during the study (energy, 28.3 ± 1.4 vs. 32.8 ± 1.4 kcal kg⁻¹, p = 0.015, carbohydrate 3.2 ± 0.2 vs. 3.9 ± 0.2 g kg⁻¹, p = 0.004). The average values for parameters such as hemoglobin, ferritin, lipoprotein, and vitamin C and E levels in the plasma were within normal ranges. Low intakes of most of the food groups were observed during the study, with similar initial and final values. Nutrition knowledge did not change as a result of the study (28.0 ± 1.7 vs. 31.1 ± 1.3, p = 0.185). In conclusion, gymnasts reported low energy intakes. However, blood markers and most of the anthropometrical parameters measured were within normal ranges. The nutrition education program implemented did not produce significant improvements in the dietary habits or nutritional knowledge of gymnasts.

Objetivos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar los cambios en los estilos de vida durante la fase de confinamiento del COVID-19 en España (del 15 de marzo al 21 de junio). Material y métodos. La muestra abordada correspondió al universo poblacional de población española mayor de 18 años en confinamiento independientemente de la zona geográfica. La muestra final de 252 participantes, se seleccionó a través de un muestreo intencional y los datos se recogieron mediante un cuestionario ad hoc en modalidad virtual. Se realizaron análisis univariantes, bivariantes y de estimación de riesgo. Resultados. Los resultados mostraron un aumento en la realización de actividad física durante el confinamiento, sobre todo en las mujeres (p=0,001), no obstante, la media de horas sentado al día ha aumentó considerablemente (5,65 ± 2,95 horas hasta 7,49 ± 4,20 horas). El porcentaje de personas que no consumieron alcohol aumentó hasta el 36,7% (n=92). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en las horas de sueño. Se observó un alto porcentaje de personas que presentaron atracones durante el confinamiento (44,6%; n=113). Además, se observaron mejores hábitos saludables a mayor nivel de instrucción y en zonas rurales (OR=2,804 y OR=3,48 respectivamente). Conclusiones. Se observaron cambios positivos en los hábitos de actividad física y alimentación durante el confinamiento, por otra parte, aumentó el tiempo de estar sentados y se observó una elevada presencia de atracones durante este periodo. Estos hallazgos pueden ayudar a establecer nuevas estrategias de abordaje en situaciones similares. Sin embargo, futuros estudios serían necesarios.