Cellulosic fibers from date palm are among the most promising lignocellulose feedstock for biorefinery purposes. The world production is between 1.9 and 2.4 million t/year. Initially, a pretreatment with dilute-sulphuric acid of these fibers was performed using a response surface methodology, with temperature and process time as factors. The aim is to produce bioethanol from young and old fibers from date palm, Phoenix dactylifera L. Optimal thermochemical pretreatment conditions for both fibers palms were 220 °C in hydrothermal conditions (without acid); in these conditions pretreated young fibers presented a maximum content in holocelluloses of 45.18% and old fibers 61.97%. Subsequently, during the enzymatic hydrolysis a maximum yield of total reducing sugars (TRS) was reached, 46.32 g/100 g for pretreated dry young fibers and 48.54 g/100 g for pretreated dry old fibers. After enzymatic saccharification, hydrolysates were fermented by Pachysolen tannophilus (ATCC 32691) to ethanol, reaching yields (Y_E/TRS) of 37.94 g ethanol/100 g of TRS for young fibers and 35.84 g ethanol/100 g of TRS for old fibers. Globally, considering the full process, in the fermentation of the hydrolysates, a yield (Y_E) of 10.64 g ethanol/100 g of dry young fibers and 10.88 g ethanol/100 g of dry old fibers was reached.

During the olive oil production process, certain olive varieties, such as ‘Hojiblanca’ and ‘Picual’, create pastes from which it is difficult to separate the oil, resulting in low extraction yields. To improve oil extraction, one alternative is the addition of natural microtalcs (NMT). In the present study, a NMT of great purity (CaCO₃ concentration less than 6 wt.%) and small average particle size (ϕ ≤ 2.1 µm) was added in the malaxation stage on an industrial scale at two olive mills. In one of them and using ‘Hojiblanca’ olives, the performance of the high-purity NMT was compared with that of a traditional NMT, while in the other, the effect of its dosage in the quality of ‘Picual’ oils was assessed. The performance of the high-purity NMT was evaluated in terms of industrial oil yield, extractability index, quality parameters and oxidative stability of the resulting oils. The addition of the high-purity NMT not only increased the extraction yields but also improved the quality of the virgin olive oils, especially in relation to antioxidant compounds (tocopherols and phenolic compounds). Increases of 10.4% in phenolic compounds and of 21.5% in the tocopherols were found, thus enhancing the oxidative stability of the oils.

The goal of this study was to determine the composition of olive oils from four North Moroccan provinces (Larache, Chefchaouen, Ouazzane and Tetouan), one of the main productive zones nationwide. For this purpose, we evaluate the quality parameters, phenolic compounds, oxidative stability, fatty acids, sterols, uvaol + erytrodiol, carotenoids and chlorophylls of three varieties (‘Picholine marocaine’, ‘Haouzia’ and ‘Menara’) in three campaigns (2019/2020 to 2021/2022) and in three harvesting periods. Another aim was to research the effect of natural microtalc (NMT) on the compounds of olive oils, and to evaluate whether the addition of microtalc to olive pastes during the malaxation stage influences in the quality of olive oils. From the results, it was observed that industrial yields increase when natural microtalcs were used during the oil production. Considering the quality parameters, the olive oils produced with NMT showed lower values when compared with those obtained without any addition. Also, oils produced with NMT showed a higher content in phenolic compounds as well as a greater oxidative stability. It is worth highlighting that the maximum content in phenolic compounds, adding NMT during the extraction process, was determined in oils obtained from the ‘Picholine marocaine’ variety from Chefchaouen, harvested in the 2019/2020 campaign, with 848.71 mg/kg oil, with a value of oxidative stability of 78.68 h.