Objectives: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, our aim was to explore the optimal timing of ureteric stent removal after kidney transplant. Materials and Methods: For our analyses, we searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, and Embase databases for all randomized clinical trials that evaluated the timing of stent removal after kidney transplant. Patients with early versus late stent removal were compared. Results: Seven eligible studies published from 2012 to 2018, which included 1277 patients, were found to be within the scope of our study. Significant differences were shown between early versus late stent removal groups with regard to development of urinary tract infections (relative risk of 0.42; 95% CI, 0.26-0.685; P < .001). In a further subgroup analysis of incidence of urinary tract infection with consideration of heterogeneity, early stent removal was also favored (relative risk at 2 and 3 weeks of 0.36 and 0.35, respectively; P < .001 for both). However, with regard to incidence of major urologic complications, there were no significant differences between early and late stent removal (odds ratio at 2 and 3 weeks of 2.79 and 1.97, respectively; P = .18 and P = .26, respectively). There were also no significant differences between groups in risk of development of urinary leakage (odds ratio at 2 weeks of 3.02, P = .18; and relative risk at 3 weeks of 2.00, P = .27). With regard to ureteral stenosis, only 3 cases were reported in the late stent removal group. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that early ureteral stent removal (that is, not later than 3 weeks) could significantly decrease the incidence of urinary tract infections without affecting incidence of major urological complications. We suggest that the appropriate timing of stent removal should be within 14 to 21 days.

Background: We conducted this meta-analysis to explore the tolerance of monotherapy with mirabegron (50 mg) on an overactive bladder, compared with a common dosage of anticholinergic agents. Materials and methods: A comprehensive search for all randomized controlled trials that evaluated the safety of mirabegron and anticholinergic agents on overactive bladder was performed, and we searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled trials databases, Pubmed, Embase, and relevant trials from 2013.02 to 2019.10. Results: Eight studies included 5500 patients with treatment of monotherapy on overactive bladder were identified. The total number of treatment-emergent adverse events had no significantly difference between two monotherapies (RR = 0.88 95%CI: 0.76–1.01; P = .08); however, patients would have a better tolerance with mirabegron (50 mg) in adverse events of dry mouth (RR = 0.42; 95%CI: 0.33–0.53; P < .01) and tachycardia (RR = 0.52; 95%CI: 0.29–0.94; P = .03); and there were no significant differences between two groups in hypertension (RR = 1.02; 95%CI: 0.80–1.30; P = .90), constipation (RR = 0.91; 95%CI: 0.65–1.26; P = 0.57), blurred vision (RR = 1.03; 95%CI: 0.60–1.77; P = 0.92), and urinary tract infection (RR = 0.90; 95%CI: 0.70–1.16; P = .41). Conclusions: Treatment-emergent adverse events in patients with overactive bladder who underwent monotherapy of mirabegron (50 mg) or the anticholinergic agents had no significant differences, but mirabegron has a better tolerance in the aspect of dry mouth and tachycardia.

Background: RNA methylation modifications, such as N1-methyladenosine/N6-methyladenosine /N5-methylcytosine (m¹A/m⁶A/m⁵C), are the most common RNA modifications and are crucial for a number of biological processes. Nonetheless, the role of RNA methylation modifications of m¹A/m⁶A/m⁵C in the pathogenesis of renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) remains incompletely understood. Methods: Firstly, we downloaded 2 expression datasets from the GEO database, namely GSE22459 and GSE76882. In a differential analysis of these datasets between patients with and without RIF, we selected 33 methylation-related genes (MRGs). We then applied a PPI network, LASSO analysis, SVM-RFE algorithm, and RF algorithm to identify key MRGs. Results: We eventually obtained five candidate MRGs (WTAP, ALKBH5, YTHDF2, RBMX, and ELAVL1) to forecast the risk of RIF. We created a nomogram model derived from five key MRGs, which revealed that the nomogram model may be advantageous to patients. Based on the selected five significant MRGs, patients with RIF were classified into two MRG patterns using consensus clustering, and the correlation between the five MRGs, the two MRG patterns, and the genetic pattern with immune cell infiltration was shown. Moreover, we conducted GO and KEGG analyses on 768 DEGs between MRG clusters A and B to look into their different involvement in RIF. To measure the MRG patterns, a PCA algorithm was developed to determine MRG scores for each sample. The MRG scores of the patients in cluster B were higher than those in cluster A. Conclusions: Ultimately, we concluded that cluster A in the two MRG patterns identified on these five key m¹A/m⁶A/m⁵C regulators may be associated with RIF.

Purpose: To explore the efficacy of 5-ARIs in PCA (Prostate Cancer). Methods: Searching through the major medical databases such as PubMed, Science Citation Index, EMBASE, Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Library for all published studies in English until 2018. The following search terms were used: "Finasteride", "dutasteride", "5 alpha reductase inhibitors", "5-ARIs", "prostate cancer", "prostate neoplasm" and the additional related studies were manually searched. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) assessed the qualities of studies, and the outcome measures were observed by RR or OR with 95% CIs. Results: We included 9 eligible studies for analyses from 2011 to 2017. We found that 5-ARIs group may have fewer progression (OR = 0.48 95%CI: 0.37-0.61 P < 0.00001, I2=4%p = 0.39) and lower pathological progression (OR = 0.46; 95%CI: 0.29-0.73; p = 0.001, I2=0% p = 0.45), compared with control groups. However, the OS did not show significant difference between two groups (OR=1.10; 95%CI:0.90-1.35; P = 0.35, I2 = 93% P < .00001 ). Conclusion: The use of 5-ARIs could prevent progression in PCA patients both clinical and pathological.

Objective: To determine whether adjunctive neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser therapy added to conventional nonsurgical periodontal therapy provides greater improvement in baseline-adjusted 6-month probing depth than conventional nonsurgical periodontal therapy alone in patients with periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This randomized controlled trial included 120 patients with periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the laser group (conventional nonsurgical periodontal therapy plus adjunctive neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser therapy, n = 60) or the control group (conventional nonsurgical periodontal therapy alone, n = 60). Conventional nonsurgical periodontal therapy comprised scaling and root planing with standardized home oral-hygiene instruction and reinforcement. Periodontal and glycemic outcomes were assessed at baseline and 6 months. The primary outcome was the between-group difference in the 6-month mean probing depth, adjusted for baseline probing depth using analysis of covariance. Secondary outcomes included baseline-adjusted between-group differences in clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing-positive sites, gingival recession, glycosylated hemoglobin, and fasting plasma glucose level. Results: Baseline characteristics were generally comparable between groups, except a modest difference in mean gingival recession. Based on the primary analysis, the baseline-adjusted 6-month mean probing depth was significantly lower in the laser group than in the control group (adjusted difference, −0.70 mm (95% confidence interval, −0.84 to −0.56) p < 0.001). Baseline-adjusted differences also favored the laser group for clinical attachment level (−0.67 mm; 95% confidence interval, −0.79 to −0.55), bleeding on probing-positive sites (−11.3 percentage points; 95% confidence interval, −13.9 to −8.7), glycosylated hemoglobin (−0.26%; 95% confidence interval, −0.34 to −0.17), and fasting plasma glucose level (−0.62 mmol/L; 95% confidence interval, −0.81 to −0.44) (all p < 0.001). Gingival recession was slightly higher in the laser group after baseline adjustment (+0.09 mm; 95% confidence interval, 0.03 to 0.14; p = 0.004). No serious treatment-related adverse events were recorded. Conclusions: Adjunctive neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser therapy was associated with greater short-term improvement in periodontal clinical outcomes than conventional nonsurgical periodontal therapy alone. Favorable changes in secondary glycemic outcomes were also observed; however, these results should be interpreted cautiously because cautiously because glycemic variables were secondary endpoints, and the follow-up duration was limited to 6 months. Research registration number: researchregistry12005.