Despite the steady increase in the number of studies focusing on the development of tissue engineered constructs, solutions delivered to the clinic are still limited. Specifically, the lack of mature and functional vasculature greatly limits the size and complexity of vascular scaffold models. If tissue engineering aims to replace large portions of tissue with the intention of repairing significant defects, a more thorough understanding of the mechanisms and players regulating the angiogenic process is required in the field. This review will present the current material and technological advancements addressing the imperfect formation of mature blood vessels within tissue engineered structures.

The objective of the present study was to validate a kinetic model for growth of spoilage bacteria in modified atmosphere packed (MAP) gilthead seabream fillets and to select a Time Temperature Integrator (111). The temperature and CO2 dependence of the growth of lactic acid bacteria in MAP gilthead seabream fillets was expressed by an Arrhenius-type model for the range of 0-15 degrees C and 20-80% CO2, which was validated at isothermal, variable and chill chain conditions. A new UV activatable photochemical TTI was kinetically studied and the influence of the level of activation on the response of the TTI was modelled. Applying the developed models, the required charging levels were estimated so that the 111 response was tailored to monitor the shelf life of fish fillets at selected MAP conditions, during the chill chain storage. A simulation experiment of the product distribution and storage in various chill chain conditions showed the applicability of the TTIs as shelf life monitors. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved