Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the proprioception treatment approaches as well as to investigate the effect of these approaches in individuals with Cerebral Palsy. Materials and methods: A systematic review was performed using American Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine Methodology. PubMed, PEDro, ScienceDirect, The Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science database were searched. All the articles included were evaluated based on their level of evidence and conduct. Results: Five articles met the inclusion criteria, children and adults with Cerebral Palsy. The effectiveness of different approaches has been examined in all studies and some studies showed effectiveness of treatment on proprioception or on motor performance. However, there was no superiority in between treatment approaches. Conclusions: The reasons that limits the studies analyzed in this review were small sample sizes and insufficient heterogeneity of groups included. Because of the significance of proprioception on movement and motor performance, it should be included in the evaluation and treatment programs of individuals with Cerebral Palsy.

Purpose: This study aimed to translate the 20-item Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (JFLS-20) into Turkish (JFLS-20-TR) and investigate the psychometric properties of the JFLS-20-TR. Methods: This study included 232 patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and 130 individuals without TMD. Structural (with confirmatory factor analysis [CFA]), convergent (with pain intensity, Fonseca Anamnestic Index [FAI], and Oral Health Impact Profile [OHIP-14]), discriminant (with maximum mouth opening [MMO]) and known-group validity were investigated to assess the construct validity. Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1) for test-retest reliability were calculated. Additionally, content and face validity, smallest detectable change (SDC95), and floor/ceiling effects were evaluated. Results: According to CFA, the model fit indices were acceptable for JFLS-20-TR, confirming structural validity. Strong correlations were found between the global and subdomain scores of the JFLS-20-TR and pain intensity (r >= 0.80), FAI (r >= 0.83), OHIP-14 (r >= 0.76), and MMO (r >= -0.79) scores, confirmed the convergent and discriminant validity of the JFLS-20-TR. In addition, JFLS-20-TR differentiated between patients with TMD and individuals without TMD (p < .05). Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha values: 0.91-0.93) was excellent, and test-retest reliability (ICC2,1 values: 0.91-0.95) was high. Content and face validity were satisfactory. The SDC95 values ranged from 0.79 to 1.43. No floor or ceiling effects were observed. Conclusion: The JFLS-20-TR is a valid, reliable, and useful tool for assessing jaw functional limitations in Turkish-speaking patients with TMD.

Children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP) are at risk of reduced upper limb function and poorer quality of life than their typically developing peers. Although upper limb impairments have potent...