This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
Facilitating coexistence between people and large carnivores is critical for large carnivore conservation in human-dominated landscapes, when their presence impacts negatively on human interests. Such situations will often require novel ways of mediating between different values, worldviews and opinions about how carnivores should be managed. We report on such a process in an agricultural area of recent wolf recovery in central Italy where unsolved social tensions over wolf presence have radicalized opinions on either side of the wolf debate, resulting in a stalemate. Where previous mitigation policies based on top-down damage compensation have failed, we tested the potential for applying a participatory approach to engage different stakeholder groups in a dialogue aimed at sharing a deep understanding of the problem and co-creating potential solutions. We based our approach on the theory of meta-consensus, using a decision support tool known as Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). Over the course of three months, we carried out five workshops with stakeholder representatives from farming, hunting and environmental associations, and one biologist. Stakeholders shared several objectives and agreed over many management interventions, including the management of free-ranging dogs, the implementation of damage prevention measures, and a damage compensation system suitable for farmers. The process facilitated agreement over actions aimed at improving relations between stakeholders and enhancing the state of knowledge on the issues at stake. Most importantly, we recorded positive social and relationship outcomes from the workshops, and observed a willingness from participants to engage in further discussions over disputed management preferences. Overall, we found MCDA to be a useful tool for laying the groundwork for further participatory and deliberative processes on wolf management. However, challenges ahead included the involvement of a larger number of representatives of different social sectors, and a simplification of the methodology which some participants found too complicated and time consuming.
Agnese Marino; Paolo Ciucci; Stephen M. Redpath; Simone Ricci; Juliette Young; Valeria Salvatori. Broadening the toolset for stakeholder engagement to explore consensus over wolf management. Journal of Environmental Management 2021, 296, 113125 .
AMA StyleAgnese Marino, Paolo Ciucci, Stephen M. Redpath, Simone Ricci, Juliette Young, Valeria Salvatori. Broadening the toolset for stakeholder engagement to explore consensus over wolf management. Journal of Environmental Management. 2021; 296 ():113125.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgnese Marino; Paolo Ciucci; Stephen M. Redpath; Simone Ricci; Juliette Young; Valeria Salvatori. 2021. "Broadening the toolset for stakeholder engagement to explore consensus over wolf management." Journal of Environmental Management 296, no. : 113125.
We explore the role of community-based conservation (CBC) in the sustainable management of conservation conflicts by examining the experiences of conservation practitioners trying to address conflicts between snow leopard conservation and pastoralism in Asian mountains. Practitioner experiences are examined through the lens of the PARTNERS principles for CBC (Presence, Aptness, Respect, Transparency, Negotiation, Empathy, Responsiveness, and Strategic Support) that represent an inclusive conservation framework for effective and ethical engagement with local communities. Case studies from India, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, and Pakistan show that resilient relationships arising from respectful engagement and negotiation with local communities can provide a strong platform for robust conflict management. We highlight the heuristic value of documenting practitioner experiences in on-the-ground conflict management and community-based conservation efforts.
Juliette Young; Justine Alexander; Ajay Bijoor; Deepshikha Sharma; Abhijit Dutta; Bayarjargal Agvaantseren; Tserennadmid Mijiddorj; Kubanych Jumabay; Venera Amankul; Benazir Kabaeva; Ali Nawaz; Shafiqullah Khan; Hussain Ali; Jennifer Rullman; Koustubh Sharma; Ranjini Murali; Charudutt Mishra. Community-Based Conservation for the Sustainable Management of Conservation Conflicts: Learning from Practitioners. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7557 .
AMA StyleJuliette Young, Justine Alexander, Ajay Bijoor, Deepshikha Sharma, Abhijit Dutta, Bayarjargal Agvaantseren, Tserennadmid Mijiddorj, Kubanych Jumabay, Venera Amankul, Benazir Kabaeva, Ali Nawaz, Shafiqullah Khan, Hussain Ali, Jennifer Rullman, Koustubh Sharma, Ranjini Murali, Charudutt Mishra. Community-Based Conservation for the Sustainable Management of Conservation Conflicts: Learning from Practitioners. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (14):7557.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuliette Young; Justine Alexander; Ajay Bijoor; Deepshikha Sharma; Abhijit Dutta; Bayarjargal Agvaantseren; Tserennadmid Mijiddorj; Kubanych Jumabay; Venera Amankul; Benazir Kabaeva; Ali Nawaz; Shafiqullah Khan; Hussain Ali; Jennifer Rullman; Koustubh Sharma; Ranjini Murali; Charudutt Mishra. 2021. "Community-Based Conservation for the Sustainable Management of Conservation Conflicts: Learning from Practitioners." Sustainability 13, no. 14: 7557.
Rewilding can be defined as the reorganisation or regeneration of wildness in an ecologically degraded landscape with minimal ongoing intervention. While proposals for rewilding are increasingly common, they are frequently controversial and divisive amongst stakeholders. If implemented, rewilding initiatives may alter the social-ecological systems within which they are situated and thus generate sudden and unforeseen outcomes. So far, however, much of the discourse on the planning and implementation of rewilding has focused on identifying and mitigating ecological risks. There has been little consideration of how rewilding could alter the human components of the social-ecological systems concerned, nor governance arrangements that can manage these dynamics. This paper addresses this gap by proposing a generic adaptive governance framework tailored to the characteristics of rewilding, based on principles of managing complex social-ecological systems. We integrate two complementary natural resource governance approaches that lend themselves to the contentious and unpredictable characteristics of rewilding. First, adaptive co-management builds stakeholder adaptive capacity through iterative knowledge generation, collaboration and power-sharing, and cross-scale learning networks. Second, social licence to operate establishes trust and transparency between project proponents and communities through new public-private partnerships. The proposed framework includes structural and process elements which incorporate a boundary organisation, a decision-into-practise social learning exercise for planning and design, and participatory evaluation. The latter assesses rewilding outcomes and pre-conditions for the continuation of adaptive governance and conservation conflict resolution.
James R. A. Butler; Mariella Marzano; Nathalie Pettorelli; Sarah M. Durant; Johan T. du Toit; Juliette C. Young. Decision-Making for Rewilding: An Adaptive Governance Framework for Social-Ecological Complexity. Frontiers in Conservation Science 2021, 2, 1 .
AMA StyleJames R. A. Butler, Mariella Marzano, Nathalie Pettorelli, Sarah M. Durant, Johan T. du Toit, Juliette C. Young. Decision-Making for Rewilding: An Adaptive Governance Framework for Social-Ecological Complexity. Frontiers in Conservation Science. 2021; 2 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJames R. A. Butler; Mariella Marzano; Nathalie Pettorelli; Sarah M. Durant; Johan T. du Toit; Juliette C. Young. 2021. "Decision-Making for Rewilding: An Adaptive Governance Framework for Social-Ecological Complexity." Frontiers in Conservation Science 2, no. : 1.
An approach that has been suggested as potentially addressing the challenges of science-policy-interfaces (SPIs) is the mobilization of existing networks through a ‘network-of-networks’ (NoN) approach. This paper shares empirical findings from a mixed-method study, combining qualitative and quantitative data, that critically evaluates the ‘network-of-networks’ approach for SPIs. To establish whether and how a NoN can help existing networks act more effectively at the boundary of science and policy, we use the Eklipse Mechanism as a key example. We analyse the major characteristics of networks active in biodiversity-focused science-policy interactions, the potential roles and types of engagement of participants, and the major challenges faced by networks and individuals when acting at the boundaries of science and policy. Results suggest that the more diverse the actors involved, the more effective the SPI. While a formalized EU-level SPI for biodiversity is welcomed by most respondents, willingness and actual potential to contribute to such an entity differed amongst networks, highlighting that contributions to SPIs are highly dependent on individual and organizational capacities. The challenges faced by individuals and networks range from limited resources to effective communication and achieving meaningful impact even if the institutional context is unrewarding. To make a ‘network-of-networks’ model fully operational requires meeting the capacity building needs of networks, providing institutional support, and creating room for wider engagement.
Eszter Kelemen; György Pataki; Zoi Konstantinou; Liisa Varumo; Riikka Paloniemi; Tânia R. Pereira; Isabel Sousa-Pinto; Marie Vandewalle; Juliette Young. Networks at the science-policy-interface: Challenges, opportunities and the viability of the ‘network-of-networks’ approach. Environmental Science & Policy 2021, 123, 91 -98.
AMA StyleEszter Kelemen, György Pataki, Zoi Konstantinou, Liisa Varumo, Riikka Paloniemi, Tânia R. Pereira, Isabel Sousa-Pinto, Marie Vandewalle, Juliette Young. Networks at the science-policy-interface: Challenges, opportunities and the viability of the ‘network-of-networks’ approach. Environmental Science & Policy. 2021; 123 ():91-98.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEszter Kelemen; György Pataki; Zoi Konstantinou; Liisa Varumo; Riikka Paloniemi; Tânia R. Pereira; Isabel Sousa-Pinto; Marie Vandewalle; Juliette Young. 2021. "Networks at the science-policy-interface: Challenges, opportunities and the viability of the ‘network-of-networks’ approach." Environmental Science & Policy 123, no. : 91-98.
Social conflicts around large carnivores are increasing in Europe, often associated to the species expansion into human-modified and agricultural landscapes. Large carnivores can be seen as an added value by some but as a source of difficulties by others, depending on different values, attitudes, livelihoods, and everyday activities. Therefore, the effective involvement of the different interest groups is important to identify and shape tailored solutions that can potentially be implemented, complementing top-down approaches that might, on their own, result in lack of implementation and buy-in. To improve dialogue in conflictual situations, as part of a European project promoted by the European Parliament, we assessed the practical implementation of participatory processes in three sample areas in Europe where wolves and bears have recently been increasingly impacting human activities. Our results demonstrate that collaboration among different and generally contrasting groups is possible. Even in situations where large-carnivore impacts were seen as unsatisfactorily managed for many years, people were still willing and eager to be involved in alternative discussion processes hoping this would lead to concrete solutions. An important and common highlight among the three study areas was that all the management interventions agreed upon shared the general scope of improving the conditions of the groups most impacted by large carnivores. The process showed the importance of building trust and supporting dialogue for knowledge co-production and mitigation of conflicts between stakeholders and that controversial environmental issues have the potential to trigger a meaningful dialogue about broader societal issues. The direct involvement and support of competent authorities, as well as the upscaling of this process at larger administrative and social scales, remain important challenges.
Valeria Salvatori; Estelle Balian; Juan Blanco; Xavier Carbonell; Paolo Ciucci; László Demeter; Agnese Marino; Andrea Panzavolta; Andrea Sólyom; Yorck von Korff; Juliette Young. Are Large Carnivores the Real Issue? Solutions for Improving Conflict Management through Stakeholder Participation. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4482 .
AMA StyleValeria Salvatori, Estelle Balian, Juan Blanco, Xavier Carbonell, Paolo Ciucci, László Demeter, Agnese Marino, Andrea Panzavolta, Andrea Sólyom, Yorck von Korff, Juliette Young. Are Large Carnivores the Real Issue? Solutions for Improving Conflict Management through Stakeholder Participation. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (8):4482.
Chicago/Turabian StyleValeria Salvatori; Estelle Balian; Juan Blanco; Xavier Carbonell; Paolo Ciucci; László Demeter; Agnese Marino; Andrea Panzavolta; Andrea Sólyom; Yorck von Korff; Juliette Young. 2021. "Are Large Carnivores the Real Issue? Solutions for Improving Conflict Management through Stakeholder Participation." Sustainability 13, no. 8: 4482.
Financial mechanisms to mitigate the costs of negative human–carnivore interactions are frequently promoted to support human coexistence with carnivores. Yet, evidence to support their performance in different settings is scarce. We evaluated a community-based livestock insurance program implemented as part of a broader snow leopard conservation effort in the Tost Tosonbumba Nature Reserve, South Gobi, Mongolia. We assessed program efficiency and effectiveness for snow leopard conservation using a results-based evaluation approach. Data sources included program records from 2009 to 2018, as well as surveys conducted in 2016 and 2017, which allowed us to compare key indicators across communities that participated in the insurance program and control communities. Program coverage and number of livestock insured rapidly increased over the years to reach 65% of households and close to 11,000 livestock. Participants expressed satisfaction with the program and their contributions increased over time, with an increasing proportion (reaching 64% in 2018) originating from participant premiums, suggesting strong community ownership of the program. Participants were less likely to report the intention to kill a snow leopard and reported fewer livestock losses than respondents from control communities, suggesting increased engagement in conservation efforts. These results together suggest that the insurance program achieved its expected objectives, although it is challenging to disentangle the contributions of each individual conservation intervention implemented in intervention communities. However, in the first three years of the program, snow leopard mortalities continued to be reported suggesting that additional interventions were needed to reach impact in terms of reducing retaliatory killings of large carnivores.
Justine Shanti Alexander; Bayarjargal Agvaantseren; Enkhtuvshin Gongor; Tserennadmid Nadia Mijiddorj; Tang Piaopiao; Stephen Redpath; Juliette Young; Charudutt Mishra. Assessing the Effectiveness of a Community-based Livestock Insurance Program. Environmental Management 2021, 68, 87 -99.
AMA StyleJustine Shanti Alexander, Bayarjargal Agvaantseren, Enkhtuvshin Gongor, Tserennadmid Nadia Mijiddorj, Tang Piaopiao, Stephen Redpath, Juliette Young, Charudutt Mishra. Assessing the Effectiveness of a Community-based Livestock Insurance Program. Environmental Management. 2021; 68 (1):87-99.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJustine Shanti Alexander; Bayarjargal Agvaantseren; Enkhtuvshin Gongor; Tserennadmid Nadia Mijiddorj; Tang Piaopiao; Stephen Redpath; Juliette Young; Charudutt Mishra. 2021. "Assessing the Effectiveness of a Community-based Livestock Insurance Program." Environmental Management 68, no. 1: 87-99.
Smallholder farmer and tribal communities are often characterised as marginalised and highly vulnerable to emerging zoonotic diseases due to their relatively poor access to healthcare, worse-off health outcomes, proximity to sources of disease risks, and their social and livelihood organisation. Yet, access to relevant and timely disease information that could strengthen their adaptive capacity remain challenging and poorly characterised in the empirical literature. This paper addresses this gap by exploring the role of disease information in shaping the adaptive capacity of smallholder farmer and tribal groups to Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD), a tick-borne viral haemorrhagic fever. We carried out household surveys (n = 229) and in-depth interviews (n = 25) in two affected districts–Shimoga and Wayanad–in the Western Ghats region. Our findings suggest that, despite the generally limited awareness about KFD, access to disease information improved households’ propensity to implement adaptation strategies relative to households that had no access to it. Of the variety of adaptation strategies implemented, vaccination, avoiding forest visits, wearing of protective clothing and footwear, application of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) oil and income diversification were identified by respondents as important adaptive measures during the outbreak seasons. Even so, we identified significant differences between individuals in exposure to disease information and its contribution to substantive adaptive action. Households reported several barriers to implement adaptation strategies including, lack of disease information, low efficacy of existing vaccine, distrust, religio-cultural sentiments, and livelihood concerns. We also found that informal information sharing presented a promising avenue from a health extension perspective albeit with trade-offs with potential distortion of the messages through misinformation and/or reporting bias. Altogether, our findings stress the importance of contextualising disease information and implementing interventions in a participatory way that sufficiently addresses the social determinants of health in order to bolster households’ adaptive capacity to KFD and other neglected endemic zoonoses.
Festus A. Asaaga; Mujeeb Rahman; Suresh D. Kalegowda; Jagadeesh Mathapati; Irfanahemad Savanur; Prashanth N. Srinivas; Tanya Seshadri; Darshan Narayanswamy; Shivani K. Kiran; Meera A. Oommen; Juliette C. Young; Bethan V. Purse. ‘None of my ancestors ever discussed this disease before!’ How disease information shapes adaptive capacity of marginalised rural populations in India. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 2021, 15, e0009265 .
AMA StyleFestus A. Asaaga, Mujeeb Rahman, Suresh D. Kalegowda, Jagadeesh Mathapati, Irfanahemad Savanur, Prashanth N. Srinivas, Tanya Seshadri, Darshan Narayanswamy, Shivani K. Kiran, Meera A. Oommen, Juliette C. Young, Bethan V. Purse. ‘None of my ancestors ever discussed this disease before!’ How disease information shapes adaptive capacity of marginalised rural populations in India. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2021; 15 (3):e0009265.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFestus A. Asaaga; Mujeeb Rahman; Suresh D. Kalegowda; Jagadeesh Mathapati; Irfanahemad Savanur; Prashanth N. Srinivas; Tanya Seshadri; Darshan Narayanswamy; Shivani K. Kiran; Meera A. Oommen; Juliette C. Young; Bethan V. Purse. 2021. "‘None of my ancestors ever discussed this disease before!’ How disease information shapes adaptive capacity of marginalised rural populations in India." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 3: e0009265.
1. Camera trapping is a widely employed tool in wildlife research, used to estimate animal abundances, understand animal movement, assess species richness and understand animal behaviour. In addition to images of wild animals, research cameras often record human images, inadvertently capturing behaviours ranging from innocuous actions to potentially serious crimes. 2. With the increasing use of camera traps, there is an urgent need to reflect on how researchers should deal with human images caught on cameras. On the one hand, it is important to respect the privacy of individuals caught on cameras, while, on the other hand, there is a larger public duty to report illegal activity. This creates ethical dilemmas for researchers. 3. Here, based on our camera‐trap research on snow leopards Panthera uncia, we outline a general code of conduct to help improve the practice of camera trap based research and help researchers better navigate the ethical‐legal tightrope of this important research tool.
Koustubh Sharma; Matthias Fiechter; Todd George; Juliette Young; Justine Shanti Alexander; Ajay Bijoor; Kulbhushansingh Suryawanshi; Charudutt Mishra. Conservation and people: Towards an ethical code of conduct for the use of camera traps in wildlife research. Ecological Solutions and Evidence 2020, 1, 1 .
AMA StyleKoustubh Sharma, Matthias Fiechter, Todd George, Juliette Young, Justine Shanti Alexander, Ajay Bijoor, Kulbhushansingh Suryawanshi, Charudutt Mishra. Conservation and people: Towards an ethical code of conduct for the use of camera traps in wildlife research. Ecological Solutions and Evidence. 2020; 1 (2):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKoustubh Sharma; Matthias Fiechter; Todd George; Juliette Young; Justine Shanti Alexander; Ajay Bijoor; Kulbhushansingh Suryawanshi; Charudutt Mishra. 2020. "Conservation and people: Towards an ethical code of conduct for the use of camera traps in wildlife research." Ecological Solutions and Evidence 1, no. 2: 1.
Transformative changes in agriculture at multiple scales are needed to ensure sustainability, i.e. achieving food security while fostering social justice and environmental integrity. These transformations go beyond technological fixes and require fundamental changes in cognitive, relational, structural and functional aspects of agricultural systems. However, research on agricultural transformations fails to engage deeply with underlying social aspects such as differing perceptions of sustainability, uncertainties and ambiguities, politics of knowledge, power imbalances and deficits in democracy. In this paper, we suggest that conflict is one manifestation of such underlying social aspects. We present an original conceptualization and analytical framework, wherein conflict is recognized as an important motor for redistribution of power and leverage for social learning that—if addressed through a conflict transformation process—could potentially create a step-change in agricultural transformation towards greater sustainability. Our analysis, building on an extensive literature review and empirical case studies from around the world, suggests a novel approach to guide future transdisciplinary research that can support agricultural transformations towards sustainability.
Eirini Skrimizea; Lou Lecuyer; Nils Bunnefeld; James R.A. Butler; Thomas Fickel; Isla Hodgson; Carolin Holtkamp; Mariella Marzano; Constanza Parra; Laura Pereira; Sandrine Petit; Diana Pound; Iokine Rodríguez; Paul Ryan; Jutta Staffler; Adam J. Vanbergen; Pieter Van Den Broeck; Heidi Wittmer; Juliette C. Young. Sustainable agriculture: Recognizing the potential of conflict as a positive driver for transformative change. High-Arctic Ecosystem Dynamics in a Changing Climate 2020, 255 -311.
AMA StyleEirini Skrimizea, Lou Lecuyer, Nils Bunnefeld, James R.A. Butler, Thomas Fickel, Isla Hodgson, Carolin Holtkamp, Mariella Marzano, Constanza Parra, Laura Pereira, Sandrine Petit, Diana Pound, Iokine Rodríguez, Paul Ryan, Jutta Staffler, Adam J. Vanbergen, Pieter Van Den Broeck, Heidi Wittmer, Juliette C. Young. Sustainable agriculture: Recognizing the potential of conflict as a positive driver for transformative change. High-Arctic Ecosystem Dynamics in a Changing Climate. 2020; ():255-311.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEirini Skrimizea; Lou Lecuyer; Nils Bunnefeld; James R.A. Butler; Thomas Fickel; Isla Hodgson; Carolin Holtkamp; Mariella Marzano; Constanza Parra; Laura Pereira; Sandrine Petit; Diana Pound; Iokine Rodríguez; Paul Ryan; Jutta Staffler; Adam J. Vanbergen; Pieter Van Den Broeck; Heidi Wittmer; Juliette C. Young. 2020. "Sustainable agriculture: Recognizing the potential of conflict as a positive driver for transformative change." High-Arctic Ecosystem Dynamics in a Changing Climate , no. : 255-311.
Adaptive co-management (ACM) is an emerging approach to the governance of social-ecological systems, but there are few long-term assessments of its efficacy. This is especially true in conservation conflicts, where ACM can mitigate disputes between polarised stakeholders. We evaluated ACM that emerged in 2005 to address conflict between seal conservation and fisheries interests in the Moray Firth, Scotland. We interviewed 20 stakeholders in 2015, repeating a survey carried out in 2011 which applied an indicator framework to measure outcomes and pre-conditions for ACM to continue. In 2015, all but one of the 12 outcome indicators were positive, the exception being the conservation status of salmon. However, pre-conditions for ACM’s continuation had weakened, with declines between 2005, 2011 and 2015. These were most marked for three indicators: leaders prepared to champion the process, presence of a bridging organisation or individual, and participation of all impacted stakeholders. The results show that ACM in this conservation conflict is dynamic. Perceived declines in salmon abundance and increases in seal numbers have renewed tensions amongst stakeholders, triggering a ‘revival’ phase of ACM initiated by fishery interests. Our study provides empirical evidence of ACM’s fluid nature, and how resource crises can reignite ACM. We suggest that participatory evaluation is a potentially important early-warning mechanism that can identify remedial action and galvanise stakeholders to respond to the re-emergence of conflict.
Thea R. Cox; James R.A. Butler; Amanda D. Webber; Juliette C. Young. The ebb and flow of adaptive co-management: A longitudinal evaluation of a conservation conflict. Environmental Science & Policy 2020, 114, 453 -460.
AMA StyleThea R. Cox, James R.A. Butler, Amanda D. Webber, Juliette C. Young. The ebb and flow of adaptive co-management: A longitudinal evaluation of a conservation conflict. Environmental Science & Policy. 2020; 114 ():453-460.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThea R. Cox; James R.A. Butler; Amanda D. Webber; Juliette C. Young. 2020. "The ebb and flow of adaptive co-management: A longitudinal evaluation of a conservation conflict." Environmental Science & Policy 114, no. : 453-460.
Social conflicts over large carnivores are becoming more frequent following the general recovery of large carnivores in human shaped landscapes in Europe. To manage conflicts over large carnivores a detailed knowledge is necessary on the social, economic, cultural but also interpersonal dimensions of the conflicts. This can be achieved through a participatory engagement of all stakeholders within a procedure tailored to local contexts. We looked at conditions necessary for implementing the above approach in areas of intense large carnivores-human conflict across Europe (bear and wolves), and where traditional management conflict policies do not appear to be successful, as often based on urgent responses to emergency situations. We focussed on four areas in Europe where we interviewed stakeholders to characterize the conflicts and assess the potential for mitigation interventions through participatory processes. We focused on four key aspects related to social conflicts: (a) perception of the current situation and relationship with other stakeholders; (b) availability and accessibility of information and communication; (c) economic, ecological and social impacts; and (d) promotion of coexistence and participatory processes. We show that (lack of) trust between stakeholders and the relevant authorities as well as the lack of genuine communication among stakeholders were the key features that characterized social conflicts related to large carnivores. With specific reference to large carnivores, the lack or inaccessibility of reliable information was reported in all cases by all stakeholders, as well as the need for proactive and inclusive policies developed and implemented by the relevant authorities. A consistent message was that support and engagement from relevant management institutions was pivotal for effective management of conflicts over large carnivores. Our findings highlight the importance for conflict mitigation of a deeper and mutual understanding of issues prior to the implementation of participatory processes.
Valeria Salvatori; Estelle Balian; Juan Carlos Blanco; Paolo Ciucci; László Demeter; Tibor Hartel; Katrina Marsden; Stephen Mark Redpath; Yorck Von Korff; Juliette Young. Applying Participatory Processes to Address Conflicts Over the Conservation of Large Carnivores: Understanding Conditions for Successful Management. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 2020, 8, 1 .
AMA StyleValeria Salvatori, Estelle Balian, Juan Carlos Blanco, Paolo Ciucci, László Demeter, Tibor Hartel, Katrina Marsden, Stephen Mark Redpath, Yorck Von Korff, Juliette Young. Applying Participatory Processes to Address Conflicts Over the Conservation of Large Carnivores: Understanding Conditions for Successful Management. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 2020; 8 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleValeria Salvatori; Estelle Balian; Juan Carlos Blanco; Paolo Ciucci; László Demeter; Tibor Hartel; Katrina Marsden; Stephen Mark Redpath; Yorck Von Korff; Juliette Young. 2020. "Applying Participatory Processes to Address Conflicts Over the Conservation of Large Carnivores: Understanding Conditions for Successful Management." Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 8, no. : 1.
Conservation Research, Policy and Practice - edited by William J. Sutherland April 2020
Lynn V. Dicks; Barbara Livoreil; Rebecca K. Smith; Heidi Wittmer; Juliette Young; William J. Sutherland; Peter N. M. Brotherton; Zoe G. Davies; Nancy Ockendon; Nathalie Pettorelli; Juliet A. Vickery. Aligning evidence for use in decisions: mechanisms to link collated evidence to the needs of policy-makers and practitioners. Conservation Research, Policy and Practice 2020, 129 -142.
AMA StyleLynn V. Dicks, Barbara Livoreil, Rebecca K. Smith, Heidi Wittmer, Juliette Young, William J. Sutherland, Peter N. M. Brotherton, Zoe G. Davies, Nancy Ockendon, Nathalie Pettorelli, Juliet A. Vickery. Aligning evidence for use in decisions: mechanisms to link collated evidence to the needs of policy-makers and practitioners. Conservation Research, Policy and Practice. 2020; ():129-142.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLynn V. Dicks; Barbara Livoreil; Rebecca K. Smith; Heidi Wittmer; Juliette Young; William J. Sutherland; Peter N. M. Brotherton; Zoe G. Davies; Nancy Ockendon; Nathalie Pettorelli; Juliet A. Vickery. 2020. "Aligning evidence for use in decisions: mechanisms to link collated evidence to the needs of policy-makers and practitioners." Conservation Research, Policy and Practice , no. : 129-142.
Conservation Research, Policy and Practice - edited by William J. Sutherland April 2020
Juliette Young; Clive Mitchell; Stephen Mark Redpath; William J. Sutherland; Peter N. M. Brotherton; Zoe G. Davies; Nancy Ockendon; Nathalie Pettorelli; Juliet A. Vickery. Approaches to conflict management and brokering between groups. Conservation Research, Policy and Practice 2020, 230 -240.
AMA StyleJuliette Young, Clive Mitchell, Stephen Mark Redpath, William J. Sutherland, Peter N. M. Brotherton, Zoe G. Davies, Nancy Ockendon, Nathalie Pettorelli, Juliet A. Vickery. Approaches to conflict management and brokering between groups. Conservation Research, Policy and Practice. 2020; ():230-240.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuliette Young; Clive Mitchell; Stephen Mark Redpath; William J. Sutherland; Peter N. M. Brotherton; Zoe G. Davies; Nancy Ockendon; Nathalie Pettorelli; Juliet A. Vickery. 2020. "Approaches to conflict management and brokering between groups." Conservation Research, Policy and Practice , no. : 230-240.
In this article, we build on a growing literature of examples of transdisciplinary approaches to illustrate the catalysts and outcomes of a stakeholder‐driven process to conservation practice. We illustrate this using the case of one of Europe's most rapidly declining bird species, the Eurasian curlew (Numenius arquata). As part of the response to its continuing decline, a stakeholder‐driven workshop was held in Ireland in November 2016, bringing together over 80 stakeholders from a range of governmental, non‐governmental, and private organizations responsible for or interested in curlew conservation and management. This innovative workshop sought to formulate ideas and support the implementation of actions from stakeholders themselves on how to halt further losses of curlews, within the current legislative framework. Four years on, many of the short‐ and medium‐term actions identified during the workshop have been implemented jointly by stakeholders. However, curlew recovery will require continued communication and meaningful engagement with all relevant stakeholders together with increased government support underpinned by increased public awareness and ownership of the curlew's plight. Ultimately, many stakeholders will measure the success of curlew conservation in Ireland by the long‐term viability of the breeding population.
Juliette C. Young; Amy McCluskey; Seán B. A. Kelly; Barry O'donoghue; Anita M. Donaghy; Kendrew Colhoun; Barry J. McMahon. A transdisciplinary approach to a conservation crisis: A case study of the Eurasian curlew ( Numenius arquata ) in Ireland. Conservation Science and Practice 2020, 2, 1 .
AMA StyleJuliette C. Young, Amy McCluskey, Seán B. A. Kelly, Barry O'donoghue, Anita M. Donaghy, Kendrew Colhoun, Barry J. McMahon. A transdisciplinary approach to a conservation crisis: A case study of the Eurasian curlew ( Numenius arquata ) in Ireland. Conservation Science and Practice. 2020; 2 (7):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuliette C. Young; Amy McCluskey; Seán B. A. Kelly; Barry O'donoghue; Anita M. Donaghy; Kendrew Colhoun; Barry J. McMahon. 2020. "A transdisciplinary approach to a conservation crisis: A case study of the Eurasian curlew ( Numenius arquata ) in Ireland." Conservation Science and Practice 2, no. 7: 1.
Zoonotic diseases affect resource-poor tropical communities disproportionately, and are linked to human use and modification of ecosystems. Disentangling the socio-ecological mechanisms by which ecosystem change precipitates impacts of pathogens is critical for predicting disease risk and designing effective intervention strategies. Despite the global “One Health” initiative, predictive models for tropical zoonotic diseases often focus on narrow ranges of risk factors and are rarely scaled to intervention programs and ecosystem use. This study uses a participatory, co-production approach to address this disconnect between science, policy and implementation, by developing more informative disease models for a fatal tick-borne viral haemorrhagic disease, Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD), that is spreading across degraded forest ecosystems in India. We integrated knowledge across disciplines to identify key risk factors and needs with actors and beneficiaries across the relevant policy sectors, to understand disease patterns and develop decision support tools. Human case locations (2014–2018) and spatial machine learning quantified the relative role of risk factors, including forest cover and loss, host densities and public health access, in driving landscape-scale disease patterns in a long-affected district (Shivamogga, Karnataka State). Models combining forest metrics, livestock densities and elevation accurately predicted spatial patterns in human KFD cases (2014–2018). Consistent with suggestions that KFD is an “ecotonal” disease, landscapes at higher risk for human KFD contained diverse forest-plantation mosaics with high coverage of moist evergreen forest and plantation, high indigenous cattle density, and low coverage of dry deciduous forest. Models predicted new hotspots of outbreaks in 2019, indicating their value for spatial targeting of intervention. Co-production was vital for: gathering outbreak data that reflected locations of exposure in the landscape; better understanding contextual socio-ecological risk factors; and tailoring the spatial grain and outputs to the scale of forest use, and public health interventions. We argue this inter-disciplinary approach to risk prediction is applicable across zoonotic diseases in tropical settings. Worldwide, impacts of zoonotic diseases, that cycle between animals and people, are concentrated in tropical communities and often linked to the way people use and change ecosystems. Interventions for zoonotic diseases could be targeted better using risk maps based on computer models that integrate social and ecological risk factors across degraded ecosystems. However, such predictive models often perform poorly at local scales, incorporate narrow ranges of risk factors, and are disconnected from policy, managers and interventions. Co-production brings together stakeholders and knowledge, across the human health, animal health and environmental sectors, aligning with the OneHealth Initiative, to develop more informative predictive tools for zoonotic diseases. Through co-production, we develop predictive models for a fatal tick-borne disease, Kyasanur Forest Diseases (KFD) that is spreading across the degraded Western Ghats forest in India. These models incorporating contextual risk factors identified by stakeholders, accurately predicted patterns in human cases of KFD (2014–2018) in Shivamogga district, Karnataka State, and identified new hotspots of infection during the subsequent 2019 outbreak. Landscapes at highest risk encompassed diverse forest-plantation mosaics with high coverage of moist evergreen forest and plantation, high indigenous cattle density, and low coverage of dry deciduous forest. Co-production resulted in outbreak data that reflected where exposure occurred in the landscape and outputs of value for targeting of interventions, matched to the scale of forest use and public health interventions.
Bethan V. Purse; Narayanaswamy Darshan; Gudadappa S. Kasabi; France Gerard; Abhishek Samrat; Charles George; Abi Vanak; Meera Oommen; Mujeeb Rahman; Sarah J. Burthe; Juliette Young; Prashanth N. Srinivas; Stefanie M. Schäfer; Peter A. Henrys; Vijay K. Sandhya; M Mudassar Chanda; Manoj V. Murhekar; Subhash L. Hoti; Shivani K. Kiran. Predicting disease risk areas through co-production of spatial models: The example of Kyasanur Forest Disease in India’s forest landscapes. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 2020, 14, e0008179 .
AMA StyleBethan V. Purse, Narayanaswamy Darshan, Gudadappa S. Kasabi, France Gerard, Abhishek Samrat, Charles George, Abi Vanak, Meera Oommen, Mujeeb Rahman, Sarah J. Burthe, Juliette Young, Prashanth N. Srinivas, Stefanie M. Schäfer, Peter A. Henrys, Vijay K. Sandhya, M Mudassar Chanda, Manoj V. Murhekar, Subhash L. Hoti, Shivani K. Kiran. Predicting disease risk areas through co-production of spatial models: The example of Kyasanur Forest Disease in India’s forest landscapes. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2020; 14 (4):e0008179.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBethan V. Purse; Narayanaswamy Darshan; Gudadappa S. Kasabi; France Gerard; Abhishek Samrat; Charles George; Abi Vanak; Meera Oommen; Mujeeb Rahman; Sarah J. Burthe; Juliette Young; Prashanth N. Srinivas; Stefanie M. Schäfer; Peter A. Henrys; Vijay K. Sandhya; M Mudassar Chanda; Manoj V. Murhekar; Subhash L. Hoti; Shivani K. Kiran. 2020. "Predicting disease risk areas through co-production of spatial models: The example of Kyasanur Forest Disease in India’s forest landscapes." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 14, no. 4: e0008179.
The European Union (EU) 2020 Biodiversity strategy will soon come to an end and may not have been as successful as envisioned. In the current context of the global biodiversity crisis, the European Commission, the research community, and broader society cannot risk another, likely ineffective, attempt by the EU to halt biodiversity loss after 2020. Through the development of the EU post 2020 Biodiversity Strategy, the scientific community of the ALTER-Net and EKLIPSE networks saw a unique opportunity to make a difference for biodiversity in Europe by better involving scientists, policy makers, and society. We developed an innovative, transparent, and collaborative process—called the multiphased, iterative, and consultative elicitation of scientific expertise (MICESE) method. This process allowed us to produce a set of 12 key messages developed by scientists for the EU to prioritize in the development of the new post 2020 biodiversity strategy. These key messages were structured according to their systemic value, scale, and nature. We provide insights and analyses of the new MICESE method before reflecting on how to improve the future involvement of scientists in science–policy interfaces.
Frédéric Gosselin; Antonia Galanaki; Marie Vandewalle; Jiska Van Dijk; Liisa Varumo; Jorge Ventocilla; Allan Watt; Juliette Young. MICESE: A New Method Used for the Formulation of Key Messages from the Scientific Community for the EU Post 2020 Biodiversity Strategy. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2385 .
AMA StyleFrédéric Gosselin, Antonia Galanaki, Marie Vandewalle, Jiska Van Dijk, Liisa Varumo, Jorge Ventocilla, Allan Watt, Juliette Young. MICESE: A New Method Used for the Formulation of Key Messages from the Scientific Community for the EU Post 2020 Biodiversity Strategy. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (6):2385.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrédéric Gosselin; Antonia Galanaki; Marie Vandewalle; Jiska Van Dijk; Liisa Varumo; Jorge Ventocilla; Allan Watt; Juliette Young. 2020. "MICESE: A New Method Used for the Formulation of Key Messages from the Scientific Community for the EU Post 2020 Biodiversity Strategy." Sustainability 12, no. 6: 2385.
Species reintroductions have become a common conservation tool, but they can be controversial and may generate social conflicts. We examine the social dimension of beaver reintroduction in Scotland to understand the issue, the potential for, and impact of, conflict between groups or individuals with differing views on beavers and reintroductions. Using a literature review and semi‐structured interviews, we studied planned and unplanned beaver reintroductions to three contrasting landscapes in Scotland: in Knapdale, the reintroduction was planned and science‐led, whereas in Tayside and the Highlands, the reintroductions were accidental and/or illegal. Our results highlight the context dependency and complexity of reintroductions. Nationally, the reintroduction of beavers has not become a conflict. At the local scale, we found the Tayside situation to be a conflict with major consequences on the debate at the national scale. While there were no conflicts in the Highlands and Knapdale, the reintroduction remains controversial. The level of conflict depended on the reintroduction process, relationships between stakeholders and their perspectives on their role in nature, their perceptions of landscapes, and the potential issue of lack of control and uncertainty around reintroductions. Based on these findings, the study outlines lessons learned in terms of management, guidelines and implications for future species reintroductions. We argue that to prevent future conflicts over reintroductions, processes must go beyond addressing the effects of reintroduced species on the environment and people's perceptions and acceptance of these species. Reintroduction processes require engagement in effective discussions which involve all actual and potential stakeholders to agree on broad and long‐term conservation plans at the landscape scale. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Deborah M. Coz; Juliette C. Young. Conflicts over wildlife conservation: Learning from the reintroduction of beavers in Scotland. People and Nature 2020, 2, 406 -419.
AMA StyleDeborah M. Coz, Juliette C. Young. Conflicts over wildlife conservation: Learning from the reintroduction of beavers in Scotland. People and Nature. 2020; 2 (2):406-419.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDeborah M. Coz; Juliette C. Young. 2020. "Conflicts over wildlife conservation: Learning from the reintroduction of beavers in Scotland." People and Nature 2, no. 2: 406-419.
Integrating local knowledge with scientific knowledge can offer significant benefits to improving environmental decision-making. However, this is especially challenging in environmental conflict situations where advice is lacking, and no single approach can foster conflict transformation. To understand stakeholder knowledge and its integration in a conflict transformation process in Scotland, we brought together diverse stakeholder organisations and encouraged power sharing in the project’s management. Our mixed-methods approach was based on theories of community science, knowledge co-production, knowledge integration and implementation and conflict transformation. We gathered stakeholder perceptions to see where local and scientific knowledge converged and diverged. Stakeholders holding opposing views mutually prioritised knowledge gaps and identified future collaborative actions. Building upon lessons learned, we present a practical framework and associated considerations to realise knowledge integration goals in conservation conflict situations. This framework is widely applicable, especially in situations where disputes over the evidence-base prevent positive outcomes for people and nature.
Gillian Barbara Ainsworth; Stephen Mark Redpath; Mark Wilson; Chris Wernham; Juliette Claire Young. Integrating scientific and local knowledge to address conservation conflicts: Towards a practical framework based on lessons learned from a Scottish case study. Environmental Science & Policy 2020, 107, 46 -55.
AMA StyleGillian Barbara Ainsworth, Stephen Mark Redpath, Mark Wilson, Chris Wernham, Juliette Claire Young. Integrating scientific and local knowledge to address conservation conflicts: Towards a practical framework based on lessons learned from a Scottish case study. Environmental Science & Policy. 2020; 107 ():46-55.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGillian Barbara Ainsworth; Stephen Mark Redpath; Mark Wilson; Chris Wernham; Juliette Claire Young. 2020. "Integrating scientific and local knowledge to address conservation conflicts: Towards a practical framework based on lessons learned from a Scottish case study." Environmental Science & Policy 107, no. : 46-55.
In this paper we examine an example of a conservation conflict that is encountered in Ireland arising from the designation of Special Protection Areas (SPAs) for the Hen Harrier under the European Birds Directive (Directive, 2009/147/EC) and the consequent restrictions that are placed on forestry activities within these SPAs. We examine the causes of the Hen Harrier-forestry conflict; identify what stakeholders believe are the policy instruments and management strategies that may be useful in managing the conflict and finally identify plausible solutions that may be relevant to similar conflicts around multi-functional forests elsewhere in Europe and globally. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with key actors in this conflict. Drawing on Walker and Daniels’ conflict triangle theory, a qualitative analysis of the transcripts of these interviews revealed that the conflict between Hen Harrier conservation and forestry in Ireland has a number of deep-rooted dimensions including those relating to the substance (e.g. restrictions on forest management activity in the SPAs), as well as procedural (e.g. lack of stakeholder engagement) and relationship dimensions (e.g. lack of trust). The polarisation of views in this conflict testifies to how entrenched stakeholders can become through lack of communication and trust. The policy instruments that stakeholders identified as having potential to address the conflict include the introduction of incentives/compensation scheme; changes to restrictions; more data and research on Hen Harrier bird surveys; implementation of landscape management models; and better communication and stakeholder engagement. The study highlights that conservation conflicts persist due to the multi-functional nature of forests and also due to repeated mistakes in terms of the lack of engagement with local stakeholders. Increasing the involvement of local actors has important substantive and instrumental benefits including improving the quality of decisions, as well as creating a greater chance of policies being better socially and politically acceptable. The need for more and better capacity-building across EU Member States for statutory and government agencies to learn from one another in terms of how to avoid repeating the same mistakes from one site to another is highlighted.
Nana O. Bonsu; Barry J. McMahon; Seline Meijer; Juliette C. Young; Amelia Keane; Áine Ní Dhubháin. Conservation conflict: Managing forestry versus hen harrier species under Europe's Birds Directive. Journal of Environmental Management 2019, 252, 109676 .
AMA StyleNana O. Bonsu, Barry J. McMahon, Seline Meijer, Juliette C. Young, Amelia Keane, Áine Ní Dhubháin. Conservation conflict: Managing forestry versus hen harrier species under Europe's Birds Directive. Journal of Environmental Management. 2019; 252 ():109676.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNana O. Bonsu; Barry J. McMahon; Seline Meijer; Juliette C. Young; Amelia Keane; Áine Ní Dhubháin. 2019. "Conservation conflict: Managing forestry versus hen harrier species under Europe's Birds Directive." Journal of Environmental Management 252, no. : 109676.
Human impacts on the marine environment threaten the wellbeing of hundreds of millions of people. Marine environments are a common-pool resource (CPR) and one of their major management challenges is how to incorporate the value of ecosystem services to society in decision-making. Cultural ecosystem services (CES) relate to the often intangible benefits people receive from their interactions with the natural environment and contribute to individual and collective human wellbeing. Priority knowledge gaps include the need to better understand shared values regarding CES, and how to effectively integrate these values into decision-making. We filmed 40 Community Voice Method interviews with marine stakeholders in two areas of the UK to improve on the valuation of coastal and marine CES. Results show that cultural benefits including sense of place, aesthetic pleasure and cultural identity were bi-directional, contributed directly to a ‘fulfilled human life’ and were associated with charismatic marine life and biodiversity. Other-regarding self-transcendence values were salient underscoring a desire for sustainable marine management. We critically reflect on our analytical framework that integrates aspects of the UK National Ecosystem Assessment and IPBES conceptual frameworks. The thematic codebook developed for this study could prove useful for future comparative studies in other marine CES contexts. We propose that values-led management could increase the efficacy of marine planning strategies.
Gillian B. Ainsworth; Jasper O. Kenter; Sebastian O'Connor; Francis Daunt; Juliette C. Young. A fulfilled human life: Eliciting sense of place and cultural identity in two UK marine environments through the Community Voice Method. Ecosystem Services 2019, 39, 100992 .
AMA StyleGillian B. Ainsworth, Jasper O. Kenter, Sebastian O'Connor, Francis Daunt, Juliette C. Young. A fulfilled human life: Eliciting sense of place and cultural identity in two UK marine environments through the Community Voice Method. Ecosystem Services. 2019; 39 ():100992.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGillian B. Ainsworth; Jasper O. Kenter; Sebastian O'Connor; Francis Daunt; Juliette C. Young. 2019. "A fulfilled human life: Eliciting sense of place and cultural identity in two UK marine environments through the Community Voice Method." Ecosystem Services 39, no. : 100992.