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The nomadic pastoral indigenous communities of the Ladakhi people share roots with Tibetan culture in terms of food, clothing, religion, festivals, and habits, and rely widely on plant resources for survival and livelihood. This survey was conducted during 2019–2021 to document the indigenous knowledge about plant resources of the Balti, Beda, and Brokpa communities of the Ladakh region, trans-Himalayas. Open- and close-ended semi-structured interviews (N = 184) and group discussions (N = 17) were used to collect the data. Quantitative data was further analyzed using various statistical tools. A total of 105 plant species belonging to 82 genera and 39 families were used as medicine, fuel wood, fragrance, oil, food, flavor, fodder, decoration, and dye. Among these, medicinal use was most prevalent, with 70% of use reports, followed by fodder and fuel wood. Leaves (27%) were the most preferred plant part used, followed by roots and flowers. The principal component analysis revealed five clusters of ethnobotanical usage, i.e., food, medicine, fuel wood, fodder, and fragrance, oil, dye, and flavor. The maximum number of plant species used was reported by the Brokpa, while the Beda reported the minimum number of plant species uses. Delphinium brunonianum, Waldheimia tomentosa, and Juniperus indica played a significant role in the cultural and religious ritual aspects, whereas Allium przewalskianum, Waldheimia tomentosa, Juniperus indica, and Hippophae rhamnoides were commonly used as a livelihood source among Ladakhi communities. The local people collected most plants (65%) for self-consumption, while the rest (35%) were sold in markets as a source of income. The sustainable utilization and management of plant resources by local people is a strategy to boost livelihoods and food security and alleviate poverty.
Shiekh Marifatul Haq; Umer Yaqoob; Eduardo Soares Calixto; Inayat Ur Rahman; Abeer Hashem; Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah; Maha Abdullah Alakeel; Abdulaziz A. Alqarawi; Mohnad Abdalla; Musheerul Hassan; Rainer W. Bussmann; Arshad Mehmood Abbasi; Sami Ur Rahman; Farhana Ijaz. Plant Resources Utilization among Different Ethnic Groups of Ladakh in Trans-Himalayan Region. Biology 2021, 10, 827 .
AMA StyleShiekh Marifatul Haq, Umer Yaqoob, Eduardo Soares Calixto, Inayat Ur Rahman, Abeer Hashem, Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah, Maha Abdullah Alakeel, Abdulaziz A. Alqarawi, Mohnad Abdalla, Musheerul Hassan, Rainer W. Bussmann, Arshad Mehmood Abbasi, Sami Ur Rahman, Farhana Ijaz. Plant Resources Utilization among Different Ethnic Groups of Ladakh in Trans-Himalayan Region. Biology. 2021; 10 (9):827.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShiekh Marifatul Haq; Umer Yaqoob; Eduardo Soares Calixto; Inayat Ur Rahman; Abeer Hashem; Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah; Maha Abdullah Alakeel; Abdulaziz A. Alqarawi; Mohnad Abdalla; Musheerul Hassan; Rainer W. Bussmann; Arshad Mehmood Abbasi; Sami Ur Rahman; Farhana Ijaz. 2021. "Plant Resources Utilization among Different Ethnic Groups of Ladakh in Trans-Himalayan Region." Biology 10, no. 9: 827.
Traditional fermented foods have been recognized by various communities to be good for health since ancient times. There is a provincial legacy of traditional fermented foods among the ethnic population of North-East India. Fermented bamboo shoots (local name: Tuaither), soybeans (Bekang), and pork fat (Sa-um) are famous in the Mizoram state and represent a primary portion of the daily diet. These foods are prepared using methods based on cultural traditions inherited from previous generations, and prepared using a relatively uncontrolled fermentation process. Analysis of the bacterial diversity in these foods can provide important information regarding the flavor and texture of the final products of fermentation. Unfortunately, studies on the microbial composition and health benefits of such traditional fermented foods have rarely been documented. Therefore, the present study aims to highlight this bacterial diversity, along with the proximate composition of different traditional fermented foods (Tuaither, Bekang and Sa-um) primarily consumed in Mizoram state, India. Samples were collected on three different days of fermentation (3rd, 5th and 7th day), and bacterial diversity analysis was performed using the V3-V4 variable region of 16S rRNA gene with Illumina sequencing. Results revealed differences in the bacterial composition of dominant group members among all of the three food types. Firmicutes (82.72–94.00%), followed by Proteobacteria (4.67–15.01%), were found to dominate to varying degrees in all three of the fermented foods. However, at genus level high variation was observed in bacterial composition among these three different types of fermented foods. Lactobacillus (91.64–77.16%), Staphylococcus (52.00–17.90%), and Clostridium (72.48–55.40%) exhibited the highest relative abundances in the Tuaither, Bekang and Sa-um foods, respectively, in descending order from the 3rd to 7th day of fermentation. A few of the bacterial genera such as Lactobacilli were positively correlated with fermented bamboo shoot samples, and Staphylococcus was positively correlated with protein, carbohydrate and crude fiber content in soybean samples. In general, Tuaither, Bekang and Sa-um exhibited distinct differences in bacterial composition. This variation may be due to differences in the raw materials and/or methods used in the preparation of the different fermented food products. This is the first study to describe the bacterial composition of these traditional fermented foods using high-throughput sequencing techniques, and could help to drive research attention to comprehensive studies on improving understanding of the role of microbial communities in the preparation of traditional foods and their health benefits.
Purbajyoti Deka; Gajanan T. Mehetre; Esther Lalnunmawii; Kalidas Upadhyaya; Garima Singh; Abeer Hashem; Al-Bandari Fahad Al-Arjani; Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah; Bhim Pratap Singh. Metagenomic Analysis of Bacterial Diversity in Traditional Fermented Foods Reveals Food-Specific Dominance of Specific Bacterial Taxa. Fermentation 2021, 7, 167 .
AMA StylePurbajyoti Deka, Gajanan T. Mehetre, Esther Lalnunmawii, Kalidas Upadhyaya, Garima Singh, Abeer Hashem, Al-Bandari Fahad Al-Arjani, Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah, Bhim Pratap Singh. Metagenomic Analysis of Bacterial Diversity in Traditional Fermented Foods Reveals Food-Specific Dominance of Specific Bacterial Taxa. Fermentation. 2021; 7 (3):167.
Chicago/Turabian StylePurbajyoti Deka; Gajanan T. Mehetre; Esther Lalnunmawii; Kalidas Upadhyaya; Garima Singh; Abeer Hashem; Al-Bandari Fahad Al-Arjani; Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah; Bhim Pratap Singh. 2021. "Metagenomic Analysis of Bacterial Diversity in Traditional Fermented Foods Reveals Food-Specific Dominance of Specific Bacterial Taxa." Fermentation 7, no. 3: 167.
The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in sweet oranges is well known, but the function of their secondary metabolite, especially the easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein (EE-GRSP), an active fraction of glomalin, is still unclear. The proposed study aimed to analyze the field response of foliar application of exogenous EE-GRSP on tree mycorrhizal development and fruit quality of two sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) varieties viz., Lane Late Navel (LLN) and Rohde Red Valencia (RRV). Application of EE-GRSP significantly increased the root mycorrhizal colonization and soil mycorrhizal hyphal length in both the sweet orange varieties. The external quality of fruits (fruit weight, polar diameter, and equatorial diameter) also improved in response to foliar application of EE-GRSP in both sweet orange varieties. However, EE-GRSP treatment showed no change in fruit soluble solid content, while it increased the Vc content, solids-acid ratio, fructose, glucose, and sucrose content of sarcocarp in the two sweet oranges varieties. The LLN variety treated with EE-GRSP recorded significantly higher N, P, K, Fe, and Si content of sarcocarp as a mark of nutritional quality, while the RRV variety treated with EE-GRSP displayed a higher concentration of nutrients like Cu, Fe, Si, and Zn in the sarcocarp as compared with the corresponding non-treated control. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report regarding the improvement in fruit quality of late-ripening sweet oranges (especially LLN) in response to foliar application of EE-GRSP as another potential biostimulant.
Lu-Lu Meng; Sheng-Min Liang; Anoop Srivastava; Yan Li; Chun-Yan Liu; Ying-Ning Zou; Kamil Kuča; Abeer Hashem; Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah; Qiang-Sheng Wu. Easily Extractable Glomalin-Related Soil Protein as Foliar Spray Improves Nutritional Qualities of Late Ripening Sweet Oranges. Horticulturae 2021, 7, 228 .
AMA StyleLu-Lu Meng, Sheng-Min Liang, Anoop Srivastava, Yan Li, Chun-Yan Liu, Ying-Ning Zou, Kamil Kuča, Abeer Hashem, Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah, Qiang-Sheng Wu. Easily Extractable Glomalin-Related Soil Protein as Foliar Spray Improves Nutritional Qualities of Late Ripening Sweet Oranges. Horticulturae. 2021; 7 (8):228.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLu-Lu Meng; Sheng-Min Liang; Anoop Srivastava; Yan Li; Chun-Yan Liu; Ying-Ning Zou; Kamil Kuča; Abeer Hashem; Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah; Qiang-Sheng Wu. 2021. "Easily Extractable Glomalin-Related Soil Protein as Foliar Spray Improves Nutritional Qualities of Late Ripening Sweet Oranges." Horticulturae 7, no. 8: 228.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have beneficial effects on host plants, but their growth is influenced by various factors. This study was carried out to analyze the variation of AM fungi in soils and roots of peach (Prunus persica L. var. Golden Honey 3, a yellow-flesh variety) trees in different soil layers (0–40 cm) and their correlation with soil properties. The peach tree could be colonized by indigenous AM fungi (2.2–8.7 spores/g soil and 1.63–3.57 cm hyphal length/g soil), achieving 79.50–93.55% of root AM fungal colonization degree. The mycorrhizal growth, root sugars, soil three glomalins, NH4+-N, NO3−-N, available P and K, and soil organic matter (SOM) had spatial heterogeneity. Soil spores, but not soil hyphae contributed to soil glomalin, and soil glomalin also contributed to SOM. There was a significant correlation of soil hyphae with spore density, soil NO3−-N, and SOM. Root mycorrhiza was positively correlated with spore density, NH4+-N, NO3−-N, and easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein. Notably, spore density positively correlated with NO3−-N, available K, SOM, and root fructose and glucose, while negatively correlated with available P and root sucrose. These findings concluded that mycorrhiza of peach showed spatial distribution, and soil properties mainly affected/altered based on the soil spore density.
Sheng-Min Liang; Feng-Ling Zheng; Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah; Pandiyan Muthuramalingam; Qiang-Sheng Wu; Abeer Hashem. Spatial changes of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in peach and their correlation with soil properties. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleSheng-Min Liang, Feng-Ling Zheng, Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah, Pandiyan Muthuramalingam, Qiang-Sheng Wu, Abeer Hashem. Spatial changes of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in peach and their correlation with soil properties. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSheng-Min Liang; Feng-Ling Zheng; Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah; Pandiyan Muthuramalingam; Qiang-Sheng Wu; Abeer Hashem. 2021. "Spatial changes of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in peach and their correlation with soil properties." Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences , no. : 1.
Tectona grandis L.f. (Teak), a very important source of incomparable timber, withstands a wide range of tropical deciduous conditions. We achieved partial amplification of pectin methylesterase inhibitor 51 (PMEI) gene in teak by E. pilularis cinnamoyl Co-A reductase (CCR) gene specific primer. The amplified teak gene was of 750 bp, 79% identity and 97% query cover with PMEI of Sesamum indicum. The phylogenetic tree clustered the amplified gene with PMEI of database plant species, Erythranthe guttata and Sesamum indicum (87% bootstrap value). On conversion to amino acid sequence, the obtained protein comprised 237 amino acids. However, PMEI region spanned from 24 to 171 amino acids, 15.94 kDa molecular weight, 8.97 pI value and C697H1117N199O211S9 molecular formula with four conserved cysteine residues as disulfide bridges. 25.9 % protein residues were hydrophilic, 42.7% hydrophobic and 31.2% neutral. Teak 3D PMEI protein structure corresponded well with Arabidopsis thaliana and Actinidia deliciosa PMEIs. The gene maintains integrity of pectin component of middle lamella of primary cell wall and confers tolerance against various kinds of stresses. Teak conferred with overexpression of PMEI may secure a wide adaptability as well as luxuriant timber productivity and quality in adverse/ fluctuating/ scarce climatic and environmental conditions of tropical forests.
Nuzhat Bano; Shamim Akhtar Ansari; Abeer Hashem; Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah; Mohammad Israil Ansari. Amplification, sequencing and characterization of pectin methyl esterase inhibitor 51 gene in Tectona grandis L.f. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleNuzhat Bano, Shamim Akhtar Ansari, Abeer Hashem, Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah, Mohammad Israil Ansari. Amplification, sequencing and characterization of pectin methyl esterase inhibitor 51 gene in Tectona grandis L.f. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNuzhat Bano; Shamim Akhtar Ansari; Abeer Hashem; Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah; Mohammad Israil Ansari. 2021. "Amplification, sequencing and characterization of pectin methyl esterase inhibitor 51 gene in Tectona grandis L.f." Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences , no. : 1.
The fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) is known to cause vascular wilt on tomato almost over the world. Inoculation of FOL reduced plant growth and increased wilt of tomato. The following study examined the possible role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) consortium comprising of Rhizophagus intraradices, Funneliformis mosseae and Claroideoglomus etunicatum against FOL in tomato and explored in an inducing plant systemic defense. AMF inoculation reduced the wilt disease within vascular tissue and in vivo production of fusaric acid was observed which may be responsible in reduced wilting. FOL had an antagonistic effect on AMF colonization, reduced the number of spores, arbuscules and vesicles. AMF also inhibited the damage induced by Fusarium wilt through increasing chlorophyll contents along with the activity of phosphate metabolising enzymes (acid and alkaline phosphatases). Moreover, tomato plants with mycorrhizal inoculation showed an increase in the level of antioxidant enzymes including glutathione reductase, catalase, and etc. with an ultimate influence on the elimination of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, rise in phosphatase along with antioxidant enzymatic systems and enhanced photosynthetic performance contributed to induced resistance against FOL in tomato.
Abeer Hashem; Adnan Akhter; Abdulaziz A. Alqarawi; Garima Singh; Khalid F. Almutairi; Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah. Mycorrhizal fungi induced activation of tomato defense system mitigates Fusarium wilt stress. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleAbeer Hashem, Adnan Akhter, Abdulaziz A. Alqarawi, Garima Singh, Khalid F. Almutairi, Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah. Mycorrhizal fungi induced activation of tomato defense system mitigates Fusarium wilt stress. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbeer Hashem; Adnan Akhter; Abdulaziz A. Alqarawi; Garima Singh; Khalid F. Almutairi; Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah. 2021. "Mycorrhizal fungi induced activation of tomato defense system mitigates Fusarium wilt stress." Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences , no. : 1.
This research was performed to explore the vital role of seed priming with a 0.01 µM concentration of brassinosteroids (EBL) to alleviate the adverse effects of Cr (100 µM) in two different rice cultivars. Seed priming with EBL significantly enhanced the germination attributes (germination percentage, germination energy, germination index, and vigor index, etc.), photosynthetic rate as well as plant growth (shoot and root length including the fresh and dry weight) under Cr toxicity as compared to the plants primed with water. Cr toxicity induced antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD, CAT, and APX) and ROS level (MDA and H2O2 contents) in both rice cultivars; however, a larger increment was observed in YLY-689 (tolerant) than CY-927 (sensitive) cultivar. EBL application stimulatingly increased antioxidant enzyme activities to scavenge ROS production under Cr stress. The gene expression of SOD and POD in EBL-primed rice plants followed a similar increasing trend as observed in the case of enzymatic activities of SOD and POD compared to water-primed rice plants. Simultaneously, Cr uptake was observed to be significantly higher in the water-primed control compared to plants primed with EBL. Moreover, Cr uptake was significant in YLY-689 compared to CY-927. In ultra-structure studies, it was observed that EBL priming relieved the rice plants from sub-cellular damage. Conclusively, our research indicated that seed priming with EBL could be adopted as a promising strategy to enhance rice growth by copping the venomous effect of Cr.
Farwa Basit; Min Chen; Temoor Ahmed; Muhammad Shahid; Muhammad Noman; Jiaxin Liu; Jianyu An; Abeer Hashem; Al-Bandari Fahad Al-Arjani; Abdulaziz Alqarawi; Mashail Alsayed; Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah; Jin Hu; Yajing Guan. Seed Priming with Brassinosteroids Alleviates Chromium Stress in Rice Cultivars via Improving ROS Metabolism and Antioxidant Defense Response at Biochemical and Molecular Levels. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 1089 .
AMA StyleFarwa Basit, Min Chen, Temoor Ahmed, Muhammad Shahid, Muhammad Noman, Jiaxin Liu, Jianyu An, Abeer Hashem, Al-Bandari Fahad Al-Arjani, Abdulaziz Alqarawi, Mashail Alsayed, Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah, Jin Hu, Yajing Guan. Seed Priming with Brassinosteroids Alleviates Chromium Stress in Rice Cultivars via Improving ROS Metabolism and Antioxidant Defense Response at Biochemical and Molecular Levels. Antioxidants. 2021; 10 (7):1089.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFarwa Basit; Min Chen; Temoor Ahmed; Muhammad Shahid; Muhammad Noman; Jiaxin Liu; Jianyu An; Abeer Hashem; Al-Bandari Fahad Al-Arjani; Abdulaziz Alqarawi; Mashail Alsayed; Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah; Jin Hu; Yajing Guan. 2021. "Seed Priming with Brassinosteroids Alleviates Chromium Stress in Rice Cultivars via Improving ROS Metabolism and Antioxidant Defense Response at Biochemical and Molecular Levels." Antioxidants 10, no. 7: 1089.
In order to evaluate the impact of Bacillus sonorensis on propagation of Abelmoschus esculentus and its antimicrobial activity was investigated. In the present study, A. esculentus was cultivated in B. sonorensis inoculated soil and also assessed the morphological as well as biochemical parameters of crops. The culture inoculum of B. sonorensis influenced growth and yield of treated plant. The root (39.5 cm), shoot length (20 cm), chlorophyll (1.06 mg), carotenoid (0.445 mg), protein and total soluble sugar content, NR & starch activity were higher in bioinoculated treated plant than control. The fresh biomass and dry weight were drastically increased in bioinoculated plants when compared to control. Gradual increase in composition of pivotal nutrients (N, P, K) and minor nutrients were maximum in the bioinoculated plants. The culture filtrate possessed phytopathogenic activity against different phytopathogens. Among the three different phytopathogens, the maximum zone of inhibition (21 mm) was noticed in Aspergillus clorotrichum infected plants. The fermentation study was carried out in pilot scale fermentor and the synthesis of plant growth promoting substance was found to be 30.00 mg/l IAA.
Balasundaram Harinathan; Subbiah Sankaralingam; Selvam Palpperumal; Chellapandian Balachandran; Abeer Hashem; Abdulaziz A. Alqarawi; Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah; Selvaraj Arokiyaraj; Kathirvelu Baskar. Impact of rhizobacterium Bacillus sonorensis on propagation of Abelmoschus esculentus and its antimicrobial activity. Journal of King Saud University - Science 2021, 33, 101496 .
AMA StyleBalasundaram Harinathan, Subbiah Sankaralingam, Selvam Palpperumal, Chellapandian Balachandran, Abeer Hashem, Abdulaziz A. Alqarawi, Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah, Selvaraj Arokiyaraj, Kathirvelu Baskar. Impact of rhizobacterium Bacillus sonorensis on propagation of Abelmoschus esculentus and its antimicrobial activity. Journal of King Saud University - Science. 2021; 33 (6):101496.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBalasundaram Harinathan; Subbiah Sankaralingam; Selvam Palpperumal; Chellapandian Balachandran; Abeer Hashem; Abdulaziz A. Alqarawi; Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah; Selvaraj Arokiyaraj; Kathirvelu Baskar. 2021. "Impact of rhizobacterium Bacillus sonorensis on propagation of Abelmoschus esculentus and its antimicrobial activity." Journal of King Saud University - Science 33, no. 6: 101496.
This research work reports the magnetic adsorption of fluoride from drinking water through silica-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Chemical precipitation and wet impregnation methods were employed to synthesize the magnetic nanomaterials. Moreover, the synthesized nanomaterials were characterized for physicochemical properties through scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction. Screening studies were conducted to select the best iron oxide loading (0.0–1.5 wt%) and calcination temperature (300–500 °C). The best selected nanomaterial (0.5Fe-Si-500) showed a homogenous FeO distribution with a 23.79 nm crystallite size. Moreover, the optimized reaction parameters were: 10 min of contact time, 0.03 g L−1 adsorbent dose, and 10 mg L−1 fluoride (F−) concentration. Adsorption data were fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The Qm and KF (the maximum adsorption capacities) values were 5.5991 mg g−1 and 1.869 L g−1 respectively. Furthermore, accelerated adsorption with shorter contact times and high adsorption capacity at working pH was among the outcomes of this research work.
Amna Sarwar; Jin Wang; Muhammad Khan; Umar Farooq; Nadia Riaz; Abdul Nazir; Qaisar Mahmood; Abeer Hashem; Al-Bandari Al-Arjani; Abdulaziz Alqarawi; Elsayed Abd_Allah. Iron Oxide (Fe3O4)-Supported SiO2 Magnetic Nanocomposites for Efficient Adsorption of Fluoride from Drinking Water: Synthesis, Characterization, and Adsorption Isotherm Analysis. Water 2021, 13, 1514 .
AMA StyleAmna Sarwar, Jin Wang, Muhammad Khan, Umar Farooq, Nadia Riaz, Abdul Nazir, Qaisar Mahmood, Abeer Hashem, Al-Bandari Al-Arjani, Abdulaziz Alqarawi, Elsayed Abd_Allah. Iron Oxide (Fe3O4)-Supported SiO2 Magnetic Nanocomposites for Efficient Adsorption of Fluoride from Drinking Water: Synthesis, Characterization, and Adsorption Isotherm Analysis. Water. 2021; 13 (11):1514.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmna Sarwar; Jin Wang; Muhammad Khan; Umar Farooq; Nadia Riaz; Abdul Nazir; Qaisar Mahmood; Abeer Hashem; Al-Bandari Al-Arjani; Abdulaziz Alqarawi; Elsayed Abd_Allah. 2021. "Iron Oxide (Fe3O4)-Supported SiO2 Magnetic Nanocomposites for Efficient Adsorption of Fluoride from Drinking Water: Synthesis, Characterization, and Adsorption Isotherm Analysis." Water 13, no. 11: 1514.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are well known for their important physiological implications on diversified host plants, while the information on AMF diversity and its relationship with soil properties of Camellia oleifera is yet not fully understood. In the proposed study, high-throughput sequencing of small subunit ribosomal RNA was performed to analyze the AMF diversity of the rhizosphere and endosphere of 20-year-old C. oleifera Xianglin in the field at Wuhan (China) and their relationship with soil physico-chemical properties. As high as 30.73–41.68% of the roots of C. oleifera were colonized by indigenous AMF with a spore density of 66–111 spores/10 g soil. The surface soil (0–20 cm) showed significantly higher root fungal colonization, spore density, soil hyphal length, and easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein content than the sub-surface soil (20–40 cm). Soil pH value, available K, and NO3−-N content affected the root and soil mycorrhizal development, whilst soil pH proved to be the most influential soil property governing their variability. A total of 467 OTUs associated with AMF were detected from the endosphere and rhizosphere, representing 10 genera and 138 species, of which 295 OTUs and 9 genera were jointly observed. The genus Glomus displayed maximum relative abundance (>86%) in both endosphere and rhizosphere. Scutellospora was detected in the endosphere, but absent in the rhizosphere. The endosphere recorded a relatively higher number of OTUs and alpha diversity indices (Shannon, Simpson, and PD index) of AMF than rhizosphere. Our study, hence, revealed that C. oleifera in fields was mainly colonized by Glomus, coupled with comparatively greater AMF diversity in the endosphere than in the rhizosphere, governed predominantly by soil pH, NO3−-N content, and available K content.
Rui-Cheng Liu; Zhi-Yan Xiao; Abeer Hashem; Elsayed Abd_Allah; Qiang-Sheng Wu. Mycorrhizal Fungal Diversity and Its Relationship with Soil Properties in Camellia oleifera. Agriculture 2021, 11, 470 .
AMA StyleRui-Cheng Liu, Zhi-Yan Xiao, Abeer Hashem, Elsayed Abd_Allah, Qiang-Sheng Wu. Mycorrhizal Fungal Diversity and Its Relationship with Soil Properties in Camellia oleifera. Agriculture. 2021; 11 (6):470.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRui-Cheng Liu; Zhi-Yan Xiao; Abeer Hashem; Elsayed Abd_Allah; Qiang-Sheng Wu. 2021. "Mycorrhizal Fungal Diversity and Its Relationship with Soil Properties in Camellia oleifera." Agriculture 11, no. 6: 470.
The tribal belt of the Hindu Kush mountains is famous for its unique culture, ethnography, wild food plants, food systems, and traditional knowledge. People in this region gather wild plants and plant parts using them directly or in traditional cuisine, or sell them in local markets. However, there is a huge lack of documentation of the food system, particularly that related to wild food plants (WFP). In the current study, we focus on the uses and contributions of WFPs in the traditional tribal food system of the Hindu Kush valleys along the Pakistan–Afghanistan border. Ethnobotanical data were gathered through questionnaire surveys of 84 informants, including 69 men and 15 women, belonging to 21 different villages of the chosen area. In tribal societies men and women rarely mix and thus very few women took part in the surveys. We documented 63 WFP species belonging to 34 botanical families, of which 27 were used as vegetables, 24 as fruits, six in different kinds of chutneys (starters), and six as fresh food species. Fruits were the most used part (41%), followed by leaves (24%), aerial parts (24%), seeds (7%), stems (3%), and young inflorescences (1%). The reported uses of Carthamus oxyacantha, Pinus roxburghii seeds, and Marsilea quadrifolia leaves are novel for the gastronomy of Pakistan. The results reveal that WFPs provide a significant contribution to local food systems and play a role in addressing human nutritional needs, which are usually not met through farming practices. The tribal peoples of the Hindu Kush use WFPs for their nutritional value, but also as a cultural practice—an inseparable component of the tribal community’s lifestyle. This important traditional knowledge about the gathering and consumption of WFPs, however, is eroding at an alarming rate among younger generations due to the introduction of fast-food, modernization, and globalization. Therefore, appropriate strategies are imperative not only to safeguard traditional plants and food knowledge and practices, as well as the cultural heritage attached to them, but also to foster food security and thus public healthcare via local wild foods in the region.
Abdullah Abdullah; Shujaul Khan; Andrea Pieroni; Aminul Haq; Zahoor Haq; Zeeshan Ahmad; Shazia Sakhi; Abeer Hashem; Al-Bandari Al-Arjani; Abdulaziz Alqarawi; Elsayed Abd_Allah. A Comprehensive Appraisal of the Wild Food Plants and Food System of Tribal Cultures in the Hindu Kush Mountain Range; a Way Forward for Balancing Human Nutrition and Food Security. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5258 .
AMA StyleAbdullah Abdullah, Shujaul Khan, Andrea Pieroni, Aminul Haq, Zahoor Haq, Zeeshan Ahmad, Shazia Sakhi, Abeer Hashem, Al-Bandari Al-Arjani, Abdulaziz Alqarawi, Elsayed Abd_Allah. A Comprehensive Appraisal of the Wild Food Plants and Food System of Tribal Cultures in the Hindu Kush Mountain Range; a Way Forward for Balancing Human Nutrition and Food Security. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (9):5258.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdullah Abdullah; Shujaul Khan; Andrea Pieroni; Aminul Haq; Zahoor Haq; Zeeshan Ahmad; Shazia Sakhi; Abeer Hashem; Al-Bandari Al-Arjani; Abdulaziz Alqarawi; Elsayed Abd_Allah. 2021. "A Comprehensive Appraisal of the Wild Food Plants and Food System of Tribal Cultures in the Hindu Kush Mountain Range; a Way Forward for Balancing Human Nutrition and Food Security." Sustainability 13, no. 9: 5258.
The present work reports the assessment of the effectiveness of a foliar-spray of salicylic acid (SA) on growth attributes, biochemical characteristics, antioxidant activities and osmolytes accumulation in wheat grown under control (100% field capacity) and water stressed (60% field capacity) conditions. The total available water (TAW), calculated for a rooting depth of 1.65 m was 8.45 inches and readily available water (RAW), considering a depletion factor of 0.55, was 4.65 inches. The water contents corresponding to 100 and 60% field capacity were 5.70 and 1.66 inches, respectively. For this purpose, seeds of two wheat cultivars (Fsd-2008 and S-24) were grown in pots subjected to water stress. Water stress at 60% field capacity markedly reduced the growth attributes, photosynthetic pigments, total soluble proteins (TSP) and total phenolic contents (TPC) compared with control. However, cv. Fsd-2008 was recorded as strongly drought-tolerant and performed better compared to cv. S-24, which was moderately drought tolerant. However, water stress enhanced the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and membrane electrolyte leakage (EL) and modulated the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), as well as accumulation of ascorbic acid (AsA), proline (Pro) and glycine betaine (GB) contents. Foliar-spray with salicylic acid (SA; 0, 3 mM and 6 mM) effectively mitigated the adverse effects of water stress on both cultivars. SA application at 6 mM enhanced the shoot and root length, as well as their fresh and dry weights, and improved photosynthetic pigments. SA foliage application further enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, and CAT) and nonenzymatic antioxidants such as ascorbic acid and phenolics contents. However, foliar-spray of SA reduced MDA, H2O2 and membrane permeability in both cultivars under stress conditions. The results of the present study suggest that foliar-spray of salicylic acid was effective in increasing the tolerance of wheat plants under drought stress in terms of growth attributes, antioxidant defense mechanisms, accumulation of osmolytes, and by reducing membrane lipid peroxidation.
Abida Parveen; Muhammad Arslan Ashraf; Iqbal Hussain; Shagufta Perveen; Rizwan Rasheed; Qaisar Mahmood; Shahid Hussain; Allah Ditta; Abeer Hashem; Al-Bandari Al-Arjani; Abdulaziz Alqarawi; Elsayed Abd Allah. Promotion of Growth and Physiological Characteristics in Water-Stressed Triticum aestivum in Relation to Foliar-Application of Salicylic Acid. Water 2021, 13, 1316 .
AMA StyleAbida Parveen, Muhammad Arslan Ashraf, Iqbal Hussain, Shagufta Perveen, Rizwan Rasheed, Qaisar Mahmood, Shahid Hussain, Allah Ditta, Abeer Hashem, Al-Bandari Al-Arjani, Abdulaziz Alqarawi, Elsayed Abd Allah. Promotion of Growth and Physiological Characteristics in Water-Stressed Triticum aestivum in Relation to Foliar-Application of Salicylic Acid. Water. 2021; 13 (9):1316.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbida Parveen; Muhammad Arslan Ashraf; Iqbal Hussain; Shagufta Perveen; Rizwan Rasheed; Qaisar Mahmood; Shahid Hussain; Allah Ditta; Abeer Hashem; Al-Bandari Al-Arjani; Abdulaziz Alqarawi; Elsayed Abd Allah. 2021. "Promotion of Growth and Physiological Characteristics in Water-Stressed Triticum aestivum in Relation to Foliar-Application of Salicylic Acid." Water 13, no. 9: 1316.
Plant viral diseases are the foremost threat to sustainable agriculture, leading to several billion dollars in losses every year. Many viruses infecting several crops have been described in the literature; however, new infectious viruses are emerging frequently through outbreaks. For the effective treatment and prevention of viral diseases, there is great demand for new techniques that can provide accurate identification on the causative agents. With the advancements in biochemical and molecular biology techniques, several diagnostic methods with improved sensitivity and specificity for the detection of prevalent and/or unknown plant viruses are being continuously developed. Currently, serological and nucleic acid methods are the most widely used for plant viral diagnosis. Nucleic acid-based techniques that amplify target DNA/RNA have been evolved with many variants. However, there is growing interest in developing techniques that can be based in real-time and thus facilitate in-field diagnosis. Next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based innovative methods have shown great potential to detect multiple viruses simultaneously; however, such techniques are in the preliminary stages in plant viral disease diagnostics. This review discusses the recent progress in the use of NGS-based techniques for the detection, diagnosis, and identification of plant viral diseases. New portable devices and technologies that could provide real-time analyses in a relatively short period of time are prime important for in-field diagnostics. Current development and application of such tools and techniques along with their potential limitations in plant virology are likewise discussed in detail.
Gajanan Mehetre; Vincent Leo; Garima Singh; Antonina Sorokan; Igor Maksimov; Mukesh Yadav; Kalidas Upadhyaya; Abeer Hashem; Asma Alsaleh; Turki Dawoud; Khalid Almaary; Bhim Singh. Current Developments and Challenges in Plant Viral Diagnostics: A Systematic Review. Viruses 2021, 13, 412 .
AMA StyleGajanan Mehetre, Vincent Leo, Garima Singh, Antonina Sorokan, Igor Maksimov, Mukesh Yadav, Kalidas Upadhyaya, Abeer Hashem, Asma Alsaleh, Turki Dawoud, Khalid Almaary, Bhim Singh. Current Developments and Challenges in Plant Viral Diagnostics: A Systematic Review. Viruses. 2021; 13 (3):412.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGajanan Mehetre; Vincent Leo; Garima Singh; Antonina Sorokan; Igor Maksimov; Mukesh Yadav; Kalidas Upadhyaya; Abeer Hashem; Asma Alsaleh; Turki Dawoud; Khalid Almaary; Bhim Singh. 2021. "Current Developments and Challenges in Plant Viral Diagnostics: A Systematic Review." Viruses 13, no. 3: 412.
Protected areas are a critical tool to conserve biodiversity in the face of the global crisis of species extinction. Here, we present the first ever management effectiveness assessment of Pakistan’s Protected Areas (PAs). We link these assessments to the delivery of conservation outcomes focusing on the threatened Western Tragopan (Tragopan melanocephalus) endemic to Pakistan and India. We used two approaches, first mapping the spatial distribution of potential habitat coverage using machine learning ensemble models and second, an assessment of the management effectiveness of protected areas. Our results show that only Machiara National Park scored just above 40% (indicating relatively weak management), 22 of the PAs fell within the 25–50% quantile (indicating weak management), and 3 scored below 25% (indicating poor management). PAs within the species distributional range covered 92,387 ha which is only 2% of the total potential habitat of the Tragopan. Scoring of Planning element was insufficient both in term of the site and species. Likewise, inputs (e.g., research and monitoring program, staff numbers, staff training, current budget, security of budget, and management after process) were also inadequate. Finally, we recommend the establishment of more protected areas within the species potential habitat and inclusion of species-specific plans in Pakistan’s PAs management.
Muhammad Awan; Jonas Geldmann; Francis Buner; Zafeer Saqib; Arshid Pervez; Qaisar Mahmood; Abeer Hashem; Al-Bandari Al-Arjani; Abdulaziz Alqarawi; Elsayed Abd_Allah; Tahir Akbar. The Effectiveness of Protected Areas in Conserving Globally Threatened Western Tragopan Tragopan melanocephalus. Animals 2021, 11, 680 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Awan, Jonas Geldmann, Francis Buner, Zafeer Saqib, Arshid Pervez, Qaisar Mahmood, Abeer Hashem, Al-Bandari Al-Arjani, Abdulaziz Alqarawi, Elsayed Abd_Allah, Tahir Akbar. The Effectiveness of Protected Areas in Conserving Globally Threatened Western Tragopan Tragopan melanocephalus. Animals. 2021; 11 (3):680.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Awan; Jonas Geldmann; Francis Buner; Zafeer Saqib; Arshid Pervez; Qaisar Mahmood; Abeer Hashem; Al-Bandari Al-Arjani; Abdulaziz Alqarawi; Elsayed Abd_Allah; Tahir Akbar. 2021. "The Effectiveness of Protected Areas in Conserving Globally Threatened Western Tragopan Tragopan melanocephalus." Animals 11, no. 3: 680.
The moist temperate forests in Northern Pakistan are home to a variety of flora and fauna that are pivotal in sustaining the livelihoods of the local communities. In these forests, distribution and richness of vegetation, especially that of medicinal plants, is rarely reported. In this study, we carried out a vegetation survey in District Balakot, located in Northeastern Pakistan, to characterize the diversity of medicinal plants under different canopies of coniferous forest. The experimental site was divided into three major categories (viz., closed canopy, open spaces, and partial tree cover). A sampling plot of 100 m2 was established on each site to measure species diversity, dominance, and evenness. To observe richness and abundance, the rarefaction and rank abundance curves were plotted. Results revealed that a total of 45 species representing 34 families were available in the study site. Medicinal plants were the most abundant (45%) followed by edible plants (26%). Tree canopy cover affected the overall growth of medicinal plants on the basis of abundance and richness. The site with partial canopy exhibited the highest diversity, dominance, and abundance compared to open spaces and closed canopy. These findings are instrumental in identifying the wealth of the medicinal floral diversity in the northeastern temperate forest of Balakot and the opportunity to sustain the livelihoods of local communities with the help of public/private partnership.
Muhammad Zubair; Akash Jamil; Syed Hussain; Ahsan Ul Haq; Ahmad Hussain; Din Zahid; Abeer Hashem; Abdulaziz Alqarawi; Elsayed Abd_Allah. Diversity of Medicinal Plants among Different Tree Canopies. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2640 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Zubair, Akash Jamil, Syed Hussain, Ahsan Ul Haq, Ahmad Hussain, Din Zahid, Abeer Hashem, Abdulaziz Alqarawi, Elsayed Abd_Allah. Diversity of Medicinal Plants among Different Tree Canopies. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2640.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Zubair; Akash Jamil; Syed Hussain; Ahsan Ul Haq; Ahmad Hussain; Din Zahid; Abeer Hashem; Abdulaziz Alqarawi; Elsayed Abd_Allah. 2021. "Diversity of Medicinal Plants among Different Tree Canopies." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2640.
Recently, the application of endophytes in the alleviation of different types of stresses has received considerable attention, but their role in drought stress alleviation and growth promotion in soybean is not well-stated. In this study, twenty bacterial endophytes were isolated from soybean root tissues and screened for plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits, biocontrol potential, and drought stress alleviation. Out of them, 80% showed PGP traits, and 20% showed antagonistic activity against Fusarium oxysporum (ITCC 2389), Macrophomina phaseolina (ITCC 1800), and Alternaria alternata (ITCC 3467), and only three of them showed drought tolerance up to 15% (−0.3 MPa). Results indicated that drought-tolerant PGP endophytic bacteria enhanced soybean seedling growth under drought stress conditions. Morphological, biochemical, and molecular characterization (16S rRNA) revealed that these three bacterial isolates, AKAD A1-1, AKAD A1-2, and AKAD A1-16, closely resemble Bacillus cereus (GenBank accession No. MN079048), Pseudomonas otitidis (MW301101), and Pseudomonas sp. (MN079074), respectively. We observed that the soybean seedlings were grown in well-watered and drought-stressed soil showed the adverse effect of drought stress on morphological (stem length, root length, plant fresh and dry weight) as well as on biochemical parameters (a decline of photosynthetic pigments, membrane damage, etc.). However, soybean seedlings inoculated with these endophytes have improved the biomass significantly (p ≤ 0.05) under normal as well as in drought stress conditions over control treatments by influencing several biochemical changes. Among these three endophytes, AKAD A1-16 performed better than AKAD A1-2 and AKAD A1-1, which was further validated by the ability to produce the enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase in the following order: AKAD A1-16 > AKAD A1-2 > AKAD A1-1. Scanning electron microscopy images also showed a bacterial presence inside the roots of soybean seedlings. These findings supported the application of bacterial root endophytes as a potential tool to mitigate the effect of drought as well as of fungal diseases on the early seedling growth of soybean.
Anamika Dubey; Diksha Saiyam; Ashwani Kumar; Abeer Hashem; Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah; Mohammed Latif Khan. Bacterial Root Endophytes: Characterization of Their Competence and Plant Growth Promotion in Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) under Drought Stress. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 931 .
AMA StyleAnamika Dubey, Diksha Saiyam, Ashwani Kumar, Abeer Hashem, Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah, Mohammed Latif Khan. Bacterial Root Endophytes: Characterization of Their Competence and Plant Growth Promotion in Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) under Drought Stress. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (3):931.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnamika Dubey; Diksha Saiyam; Ashwani Kumar; Abeer Hashem; Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah; Mohammed Latif Khan. 2021. "Bacterial Root Endophytes: Characterization of Their Competence and Plant Growth Promotion in Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) under Drought Stress." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3: 931.
Water hyacinth is a rapidly growing troublesome aquatic weed plant, which causes eutrophication in water bodies and irreversible damage to the ecological system. In this work, we have investigated the water hyacinth biomass (WHB) hydrolysis efficacy of dilute alkaline (DA) pretreatment followed by biological pretreatment with white-rot fungus Alternaria alternata strain AKJK-2. The effectiveness of the dilute alkaline (DA) and biological pretreatment process on WHB was confirmed by using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR), and was further visualized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). XRD spectra showed the increase in the crystallinity of pretreated samples, attributed to the elimination of amorphous components as lignin and hemicellulose. FTIR peak analysis of pre-treated WHB showed substantial changes in the absorption of cellulose functional groups and the elimination of lignin signals. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed firm, compact, highly ordered, and rigid fibril structures without degradation in the untreated WHB sample, while the pretreated samples exhibited loose, dispersed, and distorted structures. XRD indices (Segal, Landis, and Faneite), and FTIR indices [Hydrogen bond intensity (HBI); Total crystallinity index (TCI); and Lateral order crystallinity (LOI)] results were similar to the aforementioned results, and also showed an increase in the crystallinity both in alkaline and biological pretreatments. Alkaline pretreated WHB, with these indices, also showed the highest crystallinity and a crystalline allomorphs mixture of cellulose I (native) and cellulose II. These results were further validated by the CLSM, wherein fluorescent signals were lost after the pretreatment of WHB over control. Overall, these findings showed the significant potential of integrated assessment tools with chemical and biological pretreatment for large-scale utilization and bioconversion of this potential aquatic weed for bioenergy production.
Jitendra Singh; Bhawana Chaurasia; Anamika Dubey; Alexis Noguera; Aditi Gupta; Richa Kothari; Chandrama Upadhyaya; Ashwani Kumar; Abeer Hashem; Abdulaziz Alqarawi; Elsayed Abd Allah. Biological Characterization and Instrumental Analytical Comparison of Two Biorefining Pretreatments for Water Hyacinth (Eicchornia crassipes) Biomass Hydrolysis. Sustainability 2020, 13, 245 .
AMA StyleJitendra Singh, Bhawana Chaurasia, Anamika Dubey, Alexis Noguera, Aditi Gupta, Richa Kothari, Chandrama Upadhyaya, Ashwani Kumar, Abeer Hashem, Abdulaziz Alqarawi, Elsayed Abd Allah. Biological Characterization and Instrumental Analytical Comparison of Two Biorefining Pretreatments for Water Hyacinth (Eicchornia crassipes) Biomass Hydrolysis. Sustainability. 2020; 13 (1):245.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJitendra Singh; Bhawana Chaurasia; Anamika Dubey; Alexis Noguera; Aditi Gupta; Richa Kothari; Chandrama Upadhyaya; Ashwani Kumar; Abeer Hashem; Abdulaziz Alqarawi; Elsayed Abd Allah. 2020. "Biological Characterization and Instrumental Analytical Comparison of Two Biorefining Pretreatments for Water Hyacinth (Eicchornia crassipes) Biomass Hydrolysis." Sustainability 13, no. 1: 245.
Background The tRNAs act as a bridge between the coding mRNA and incoming amino acids during protein translation. The anti-codon of tRNA recognizes the codon of the mRNA and deliver the amino acid into the protein translation chain. However, we did not know about the exact abundance of anti-codons in the genome and whether the frequency of abundance remains same across the plant lineage or not. Results Therefore, we analysed the tRNAnome of 128 plant species and reported an anti-codon table of the plant kingdom. We found that CAU anti-codon of tRNAMethas highest (5.039%) whereas GCG anti-codon of tRNAArghas lowest (0.004%) abundance. However, when we compared the anti-codon frequencies according to the tRNA isotypes, we found tRNALeu(7.808%) has highest abundance followed by tRNASer(7.668%) and tRNAGly(7.523%). Similarly, suppressor tRNA (0.036%) has lowest abundance followed by tRNASec(0.066%) and tRNAHis(2.109). The genome ofIpomoea nil, Papaver somniferum, andZea maysencoded the highest number of anti-codons (isoacceptor) at 59 each whereas the genome ofOstreococcus tauriwas found to encode only 18 isoacceptors. ThetRNA Sec genes undergone losses more frequently than duplication and we found thattRNA Sec showed anti-codon switch during the course of evolution. Conclusion The anti-codon table of the plant tRNA will enable us to understand the synonymous codon usage of the plant kingdom and can be very helpful to understand which codon is preferred over other during the translation.
Tapan Kumar Mohanta; Awdhesh Kumar Mishra; Abeer Hashem; Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah; Abdul Latif Khan; Ahmed Al-Harrasi. Construction of anti-codon table of the plant kingdom and evolution of tRNA selenocysteine (tRNASec). BMC Genomics 2020, 21, 1 -21.
AMA StyleTapan Kumar Mohanta, Awdhesh Kumar Mishra, Abeer Hashem, Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah, Abdul Latif Khan, Ahmed Al-Harrasi. Construction of anti-codon table of the plant kingdom and evolution of tRNA selenocysteine (tRNASec). BMC Genomics. 2020; 21 (1):1-21.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTapan Kumar Mohanta; Awdhesh Kumar Mishra; Abeer Hashem; Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah; Abdul Latif Khan; Ahmed Al-Harrasi. 2020. "Construction of anti-codon table of the plant kingdom and evolution of tRNA selenocysteine (tRNASec)." BMC Genomics 21, no. 1: 1-21.
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can synthesize antimicrobial compounds (AMCs) with nutritional and bioprotective properties in crops and food products. In the current study, AMCs of Lactobacillus coryniformis BCH-4 were evaluated to control fungal spoilage in maize grains. On maize grains treated with 75%–100% (v/v) concentrated AMCs, no fungal growth was observed even after 72 h of Aspergillus flavus inoculation. Proximate analysis of treatments A1 (raw grains), A2 (A. flavus inoculated grains) and A3 (A. flavus + AMCs inoculated grains) revealed that moisture was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) high in A2 than A3 and A1. Meanwhile, protein, fat, fiber and ash contents were significantly decreased in A2 compared to A1 and A3. Moreover, β-carotene contents were not statistically different between A1 and A3, while in A2 it was significantly decreased. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of 2-oxopropanoic acid, 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid, 2-hydroxypropanoic acid, propanedioic acid and butanedioic acid, which also showed antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus. FTIR spectroscopy revealed the presence of hydroxyl, carbonyl and ester-groups along with organic and fatty acids, thereby indicating their participation in inhibitory action. Furthermore, the AMCs were found to be a good alternative to chemical preservatives, thereby not only preserving the nutritive qualities but increasing the shelf life as well.
Mahwish Salman; Anam Tariq; Anam Ijaz; Shazia Naheed; Abeer Hashem; Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah; Mona H Soliman; Muhammad Rizwan Javed. In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Lactobacillus coryniformis BCH-4 Bioactive Compounds and Determination of their Bioprotective Effects on Nutritional Components of Maize (Zea mays L.). Molecules 2020, 25, 4685 .
AMA StyleMahwish Salman, Anam Tariq, Anam Ijaz, Shazia Naheed, Abeer Hashem, Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah, Mona H Soliman, Muhammad Rizwan Javed. In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Lactobacillus coryniformis BCH-4 Bioactive Compounds and Determination of their Bioprotective Effects on Nutritional Components of Maize (Zea mays L.). Molecules. 2020; 25 (20):4685.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMahwish Salman; Anam Tariq; Anam Ijaz; Shazia Naheed; Abeer Hashem; Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah; Mona H Soliman; Muhammad Rizwan Javed. 2020. "In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Lactobacillus coryniformis BCH-4 Bioactive Compounds and Determination of their Bioprotective Effects on Nutritional Components of Maize (Zea mays L.)." Molecules 25, no. 20: 4685.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other free radicals cause oxidative damage in cells under biotic and abiotic stress. Endophytic microorganisms reside in the internal tissues of plants and contribute to the mitigation of such stresses by the production of antioxidant enzymes and compounds. We hypothesized that the endophytic actinobacterium Streptomyces sp. strain DBT34, which was previously demonstrated to have plant growth-promoting (PGP) and antimicrobial properties, may also have a role in protecting plants against several stresses through the production of antioxidants. The present study was designed to characterize catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD), two enzymes involved in the detoxification of ROS, in methanolic extracts derived from six endophytic actinobacterial isolates obtained from the traditional medicinal plant Mirabilis jalapa. The results of a preliminary screen indicated that Streptomyces sp. strain DBT34 was the best overall strain and was therefore used in subsequent detailed analyses. A methanolic extract of DBT34 exhibited significant antioxidant potential in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) assays. The cytotoxicity of DBT34 against liver hepatocellular cells (HepG2) was also determined. Results indicated that methanolic extract of Streptomyces sp. strain DBT34 exhibited significant catalase and SOD-like activity with 158.21 U resulting in a 55.15% reduction in ROS. The IC50 values of a crude methanolic extract of strain DBT34 on DPPH radical scavenging and ABTS radical cation decolorization were 41.5 µg/mL and 47.8 µg/mL, respectively. Volatile compounds (VOC) were also detected in the methanolic extract of Streptomyces sp. strain DBT34 using GC-MS analysis to correlate their presence with bioactive potential. Treatments of rats with DBT34 extract and sitagliptin resulted in a significant (p ≤ 0.001) reduction in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and VLDL-cholesterol, relative to the vehicle control and a standard diabetic medicine. The pancreatic histoarchitecture of vehicle control rats exhibited a compact volume of isolated clusters of Langerhans cells surrounded by acinies with proper vaculation. An in-vivo study of Streptomyces sp. strain DBT34 on chickpea seedlings revealed an enhancement in its antioxidant potential as denoted by lower IC50 values for DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity under greenhouse conditions in relative comparison to control plants. Results of the study indicate that strain DBT34 provides a defense mechanism to its host through the production of antioxidant therapeutic agents that mitigate ROS in hosts subjected to biotic and abiotic stresses.
Ajit Kumar Passari; Vincent Vineeth Leo; Garima Singh; Loknath Samanta; Heera Ram; Chandra Nayak Siddaiah; Abeer Hashem; Al-Bandari Fahad Al-Arjani; Abdulaziz A Alqarawi; Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah; Bhim Pratap Singh. In Vivo Studies of Inoculated Plants and In Vitro Studies Utilizing Methanolic Extracts of Endophytic Streptomyces sp. Strain DBT34 Obtained from Mirabilis jalapa L. Exhibit ROS-Scavenging and Other Bioactive Properties. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2020, 21, 7364 .
AMA StyleAjit Kumar Passari, Vincent Vineeth Leo, Garima Singh, Loknath Samanta, Heera Ram, Chandra Nayak Siddaiah, Abeer Hashem, Al-Bandari Fahad Al-Arjani, Abdulaziz A Alqarawi, Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah, Bhim Pratap Singh. In Vivo Studies of Inoculated Plants and In Vitro Studies Utilizing Methanolic Extracts of Endophytic Streptomyces sp. Strain DBT34 Obtained from Mirabilis jalapa L. Exhibit ROS-Scavenging and Other Bioactive Properties. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21 (19):7364.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAjit Kumar Passari; Vincent Vineeth Leo; Garima Singh; Loknath Samanta; Heera Ram; Chandra Nayak Siddaiah; Abeer Hashem; Al-Bandari Fahad Al-Arjani; Abdulaziz A Alqarawi; Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah; Bhim Pratap Singh. 2020. "In Vivo Studies of Inoculated Plants and In Vitro Studies Utilizing Methanolic Extracts of Endophytic Streptomyces sp. Strain DBT34 Obtained from Mirabilis jalapa L. Exhibit ROS-Scavenging and Other Bioactive Properties." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 19: 7364.