This paper explores use-related and socio-demographic variations in the valuation of urban green space (UGS) characteristics in the Brussels Capital Region (BCR), lending insights into the valuation of the cultural ecosystem services provided by UGS. Mismatches in the supply of and demand for UGS characteristics are also identified. Knowledge on the ways in which valuation of UGS characteristics vary and on an inadequate supply of UGS characteristics should guide and inspire planning and management of UGS to ensure that UGS provision meets the unique needs of communities. Online surveys were conducted in the BCR to determine how people use UGS, how they experience these spaces, and whether these spaces fulfil their needs for urban green Our findings indicate that socio-demographic characteristics (namely age and household composition) correspond with distinct patterns of use and valuation. Two subgroupings of users are identified: nature-oriented users and social users. Our accessibility analysis shows that, compared to social users, nature-oriented users tend to travel farther to reach their most frequently used UGS but are more often satisfied with the supply of UGS characteristics. Our findings point to an inadequate supply of nature and overcrowding of UGS in the city centre of Brussels. We recommend that planners not only consider size and distance in UGS standards but also consider the demand for UGS characteristics as well.

Urban street trees provide key ecological, socio-cultural and economic benefits to cities. Perceptions of trees in urban areas have been found to differ depending on location, tree species, and local demographics. Moreover, positive preferences for trees have also been shown to vary by the effectiveness of management; in cities where local government management is viewed as less effective, opinions on trees and their value to society change. Beyond literature on perceptions of and preferences for trees, there is more limited research on public perceptions of local government management of urban street trees, particularly in the UK. The following paper draws on a panel survey of residents (N = 1,550) across Greater Manchester’s ten districts to examine how perceptions of urban forestry are shaped by demographics, geographical location, environmental engagement, and views on local government’s competency to manage urban street trees. The outcomes of the work highlight that different social groups perceive tree management differently. Differences between local authorities suggest that in Greater Manchester, local governance decisions also impact perception. The paper concludes with a set of recommendations for how local governments in the UK and beyond may approach the management of urban trees in the future to bolster public approval.