A bacterium was isolated from the natural source. Gram staining & spore staining showed that the organism is gram positive and forms spore during adverse condition in the growth medium. After various tests it was suggested and the features agreed with the description of Bacillus sp in Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology [24]. It was also identified as Bacillus sp with 99.9% identity by API 50 CHB. In growth curve determination showed that the growth of the organism is increased with the increase of incubation period and the growth reached maximum at around 24 hours of incubation and the protease activity was the maximum of the 26 hours culture. This microbe has grown at high temperature and pressure. Its optimum pH and temperature were 8.5 and 60°C. It secretes an extracellular protease in the growth medium. The enzyme hydrolyses a number of proteins including azocasein which suggests that that it is an extracellular protease. The enzyme seems to be alkaline protease which is capable of De-Hairing from skin and hides. A number of companies such as NOVO chemicals started to produce NOVOzymes for tannery industries. The potential for use of microbial enzymes in leather processing lies mainly in areas in which pollution-causing chemicals are being used.

The human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is indeed one of the renowned, important, longtime infectious diseases, tuberculosis (TB). Interestingly, MTB infection has become one of the world’s leading causes of human death. In trehalose synthase, the protein NCGM 946K2 146 found in MTB has an important role. For carbohydrate transport and metabolism, trehalose synthase is required. The protein is not clarified yet, though. In this research, an in silico approach was, therefore, formulated for functional and structural documentation of the uncharacterized protein NCGM946K2_146.Three distinct servers, including Modeller, Phyre2, and Swiss Model, were used to evaluate the predicted tertiary structure. The top materials are selected using structural evaluations conducted with the analysis of Ramachandran Plot, Swiss-Model Interactive Workplace, ProSA-web, Verify 3D, and Z scores. This analysis aimed to uncover the value of the NCGM946K2_146 protein of MTB. This research will, therefore, improve our pathogenesis awareness and give us a chance to target the protein compound.

Probiotics refer to living microorganisms that exert a variety of beneficial effects on human health. On the contrary, they also can cause infection, produce toxins within the body, and transfer antibiotic-resistant genes to the other microorganisms in the digestive tract necessitating a comprehensive safety assessment. This study aimed to conduct functional genomic analysis and some relevant biochemical tests to uncover the probiotic potentials of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. indicus TY-11 isolated from native yogurt in Bangladesh. We also performed transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis, comparative genomic study as well as phylogenetic tree construction with 332 core genes from 262 genomes. The strain TY-11 was identified as Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. indicus, whose genome (1,916,674 bp) contained 1911 CDS, and no gene was identified for either antibiotic resistance or toxic metabolites. It carried genes for the degradation of toxic metabolites, treatment of lactose intolerance, toll-like receptor 2-dependent innate immune response, heat and cold shock, bile salts tolerance, and acidic pH tolerance. Genes were annotated for inhibiting pathogenic bacteria by inhibitory substances [bacteriocin: Helveticin-J (331 bp) and Enterolysin-A (275 bp), hydrogen peroxide, and acid]; blockage of adhesion sites; and competition for nutrients. The genes involved in its metabolic pathway were detected as suitable for digesting indigestible nutrients in the human gut. The TY-11 genome possessed an additional 37 core genes of subspecies indicus which were deficient in the core genome of the most popular subsp. bulgaricus . During the phenotypic testing, the isolate TY-11 demonstrated high antagonistic activity (inhibition zone of 21.33 ± 1.53 mm) against Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 and was not sensitive to any of the 10 tested antibiotics. This study was the first study to explore the molecular insights into probiotic roles, including antimicrobial activities and antibiotic sensitivity, of a representative strain (TY-11) of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. indicus . IMPORTANCE: This study aimed to conduct functional genomic analysis to uncover the probiotic potential of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. indicus TY-11 isolated from native yogurt in Bangladesh. We also performed transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis, comparative genomic study as well as phylogenetic tree construction with 332 core genes from 262 genomes. In our current investigation, we revealed a number of common and unique excellences of the probiotic Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. indicus TY-11 that are likely to be important to illustrate its intestinal residence and probiotic roles. This is the first study to explore the molecular insights into intestinal residence and probiotic roles, including antimicrobial activities and antibiotic sensitivity, of a representative strain (TY-11) of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. indicus .

Environmental pollution has been a significant concern for the last few years. The leather industry significantly contributes to the economy but is one of Bangladesh’s most prominent polluting industries. It is also responsible for several severe diseases such as cancer, lung diseases, and heart diseases of leather workers because they use bleaching agents and chemicals, and these have numerous adverse effects on human health. The study was aimed at isolating, identifying, and molecularly characterizing bacteria that produce protease enzymes that are highly capable of dehairing goat hide. Several attempts were made to isolate and identify protease‐producing bacterial strains from different soil samples of tannery wastes. Initially, a total of four isolates were selected from tannery soil. After the different phenotypic and morphological characterization, one isolate (BS2) showed Gram‐positive, rod‐shaped, and spore‐forming characteristics and could produce novel hair‐degrading protease enzymes. The growth profile and protease activity of the bacteria at 37°C were observed; a basal level of extracellular protease increased with time. The enzyme’s proteolytic activity was measured, and the unit of enzyme activity of the enzyme sample was 18.1. The ExPASy server (ProtParam) tool was used to estimate the physicochemical characteristics of the proteins and found molecular weight (MW) (7375.94 Da), aliphatic index (71.56), instability index (II, 80.63), Grand Average of Hydropathy (GRAVY) (−0.231), and isoelectric point (11.41). The protein–protein interactions (PPI) networks were generated using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database and Cytoscape software. The PSIPRED v.4.0 and SAVES v.6.0 programs were used to determine the secondary and three‐dimensional assembly of the selected protein. They found alpha helix (16, 25.00%), extended strand (6, 9.38%), beta‐turn (5, 7.81%), and random coil (37, 57.81%). DNA isolation and purification were carried out, and the purity ratio was ~2.17 at 260 and 280 nm. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for amplifying the 16S rRNA gene was conducted, and the isolate was authentically recognized as Bacillus cereus (BS2) based on morphological, biochemical, and molecular analyses. The quantitative assessment has shown that 40 mL of culture centrifugation could dehair 2 × 1 cm of goat leather sample in 9 h. This potential bacterial strain can be used in the leather industry as an ecofriendly alternative to chemical dehairing, which can reduce environmental pollution and the risk of severe diseases among leather industry workers.

Chloroflexus aurantiacus is a thermophilic bacterium that produces a multitude of proteins within its genome. Bioinformatics strategies can facilitate comprehending this organism through functional and structural interpretation assessments. This study is aimed at allocating the structure and function through an in silico approach required for bacterial protein biosynthesis. This in silico viewpoint provides copious properties, including the physicochemical properties, subcellular location, three‐dimensional structure, protein‐protein interactions, and functional elucidation of the protein (WP_012256288.1). The STRING program is utilized for the explication of protein‐protein interactions. The in silico investigation documented the protein’s hydrophilic nature with predominantly alpha (α) helices in its secondary structure. The tertiary‐structure model of the protein has been shown to exhibit reasonably high consistency based on various quality assessment methods. The functional interpretation suggested that the protein can act as a translation initiation factor, a protein required for translation and protein biosynthesis. Protein‐protein interactions also demonstrated high credence that the protein interconnected with 30S ribosomal subunit involved in protein synthesis. This study bioinformatically examined that the protein (WP_012256288.1) is affiliated in protein biosynthesis as a translation initiation factor IF‐3 of C. aurantiacus.