Background: to explore the diagnostic accuracy of 18F-Fluciclovine positron-emission tomography (PET) in prostate cancer (PCa), considering both primary staging prior to radical therapy, biochemical recurrence, and advanced setting. Methods: A systematic web search through Embase and Medline was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies performed from 2011 to 2020 were evaluated. The terms used were “PET” or “positron emission tomography” or “positron emission tomography/computed tomography” or “PET/CT” or “positron emission tomography-computed tomography” or “PET-CT” and “Fluciclovine” or “FACBC” and “prostatic neoplasms” or “prostate cancer” or “prostate carcinoma”. Only studies reporting about true positive (TP), true negative (TN), false positive (FP) and false negative (FN) findings of 18F-fluciclovine PET were considered eligible. Results: Fifteen out of 283 studies, and 697 patients, were included in the final analysis. The pooled sensitivity for 18F-Fluciclovine PET/CT for diagnosis of primary PCa was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.80–0.86), the specificity of 0.77 (95% CI: 0.74–0.80). The pooled sensitivity for preoperative LN staging was 0.57 (95% CI: 0.39–0.73) and specificity of 0.99 (95% CI: 0.94–1.00). The pooled sensitivity for the overall detection of recurrence in relapsed patients was 0.68 (95% CI: 0.63–0.73), and specificity of 0.68 (95% CI: 0.60–0.75). Conclusion: This meta-analysis showed promising results in term of sensitivity and specificity for 18F-Fluciclovine PET/CT to stage the primary lesion and in the assessment of nodal metastases, and for the detection of PCa locations in the recurrent setting. However, the limited number of studies and the broad heterogeneity in the selected cohorts and in different investigation protocols are limitation affecting the strength of these results.

Background/Objectives: Hybrid positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) is an emerging imaging modality that combines metabolic and anatomical data in a single session, offering promising diagnostic performance in various cardiac conditions. However, its role in inflammatory cardiac diseases (ICDs), such as myopericarditis and endocarditis, remains underexplored. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic value of PET/MRI in ICDs through a systematic review of the literature, complemented by our institutional experience. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of PubMed, Scopus, and Embase up to April 2025, using keywords including “PET/MRI,” “PET/MR”, “myocarditis”, “endocarditis”, “pericarditis”, “inflammatory heart disease”, and “inflammatory cardiac disease”. Studies reporting the use of hybrid PET/MRI in ICDs were included and analyzed. Additionally, we retrospectively reviewed clinical and imaging data from 33 consecutive patients who underwent PET/MRI in our center for suspected myopericarditis or endocarditis between September 2022 and March 2025. Results: The systematic review identified 12 eligible studies evaluating PET/MRI in ICDs, highlighting its added value in cases with inconclusive findings on standalone MRI or PET. Common advantages reported included improved localization of active inflammation, better characterization of tissue damage, and enhanced diagnostic confidence. In our cohort, hybrid PET/MRI was considered diagnostically useful in 16/21 (76%) of myopericarditis cases and 9/12 (75%) of endocarditis cases, particularly for reclassifying uncertain findings and guiding clinical management. Conclusions: The combined analysis of the current literature and real-world clinical experience supports the diagnostic utility of hybrid PET/MRI in the evaluation of ICDs. This multimodal approach improves the interpretation of equivocal cases, facilitates accurate diagnosis, and may influence therapeutic decisions. However, larger prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and establish standardized protocols.