In this study, we develop ceramic formulations based on quartzite and scheelite tailings collected from mining companies in the northeast of Brazil (Rio Grande do Norte State). New ceramic samples (27 wt% of kaolin, 29 wt% of plastic clay, 11 wt% of quartzite tailing, and 0–8 wt% scheelite tailing) were uniaxially pressed in two steps (20 MPa and 50 Mpa for 20 s); dried at 110 °C for 24 h; and sintered at 1150 °C, 1200 °C, and 1250 °C. The main mineralogical phases (mullite, quartz, calcite, and anorthite) of the sintered samples were identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD). After evaluation of the physical-mechanical properties (water absorption, linear shrinkage, apparent porosity, and flexural strength), it was observed that the incorporation of scheelite tailing by up to 8 wt% did not significantly alter the properties of samples sintered at all temperatures. Our results indicate that the new ceramics formulations developed have strong potentials in manufacturing sustainable materials such as ceramic tiles and porcelain stoneware.

New ceramic formulations based on scheelite tailing were developed, and their potential in the ceramic industry was evaluated. Green bodies with different contents of scheelite tailing (0–8 wt%) were sintered (1150 °C, 1200 °C, and 1250 °C) and characterized in terms of the main mineralogical phases, microstructure, and physico-mechanical properties. The mullite was the main phase identified in all sintered temperatures. This result was also ratified with the aid of scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, in which small needles of the mullite were detected. The presence of mullite is required because it contributes to increasing the mechanical resistance of the material. The physico-mechanical properties measured (water absorption, linear shrinkage, apparent porosity, and flexural strength) were compared to the ISO 13006, and the samples sintered at 1150 °C presented potential to be used as semi-stoneware, while those sintered at 1200 °C and 1250 °C can be employed stoneware and porcelain tiles, respectively.

Natural stones (limestones, granites, and marble) from mines located in northeastern Brazil were investigated to discover their potential for use in civil construction. The natural stones were characterized by chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, and optical microscopy. The physical-mechanical properties (apparent density, porosity, water absorption, compressive and flexural strength, impact, and abrasion) and chemical resistance properties were also evaluated. The results of the physical-mechanical analysis indicated that the natural stones investigated have the potential to be used in different environments (interior, exterior), taking into account factors such as people’s circulation and exposure to chemical agents.

This study presents the development of new eco-friendly mortar compositions containing kaolin residues (KR) and assesses their durability behavior. Firstly, the natural and calcinated kaolin residues (600 °C, 650 °C, 700 °C, 750 °C, and 800 °C) were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), granulometric analysis, and surface area. The kaolin residue calcinated at 800 °C was chosen to be added to new compositions of mortar because it presented the best pozzolanic performance. The aging tests accomplished in internal (E_i) and external (E_e) environments were applied in mortars with a mass proportion of 1:2:6 (cement + KR: lime: sand), in which the KR, calcinated at 800 °C, replaced the cement in the mass fraction of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 30%. The E_i was performed for 30, 60, 90, 180, and 360 days, and the E_e for 90; 210; 360; and 512 days. After the aging tests were completed, the mortar compositions containing KR were evaluated to determine their mineralogical phases (XRD), compressive strength (CS), and thermal behavior (DTA and thermogravimetry). In summary, the KR addition to the mortar compositions decreases the mechanical resistance to compression; however, mortars with a substitution of 10% and 20% presented resistance values within the minimum limit of 2.4 MPa established by ASTM C 270.