In this study, the non-metricity scalar Q, which characterizes the gravitational interaction, is used to analyze the Universe’s rapid expansion within the context of the f(Q) gravity theory. We suggest an emergent scale factor, which produces the deceleration parameter in redshift form which determines the solution of the field equations in the FLRW Universe. We evaluate the appropriate values of the model parameters by considering SNIa from Pantheon, CMB from Planck 2018, BAO, and 36 data points from Hubble datasets using Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach. The deceleration parameter’s development suggests that the Universe is moving from its deceleration phase into its acceleration phase. Furthermore, we analyze the statefinder (r, s) diagnostic parameter. We also use some different forms of f(Q) gravity models to study some other cosmological parameters, i.e. f ( Q ) = α 1 Q , f ( Q ) = α 2 Q m and f ( Q ) = α 3 Q m + Q , where α ₁, α ₂, α ₃ and m all are free model parameters. Finally, we concluded that all f(Q) models predict that at z = 0, Universe is in the phase of accelerating and behaves like the quintessence models and at z = − 1 , approaches to ΛCDM models.

In this paper, we present a cosmological model within the framework of symmetric teleparallel gravity, focusing on f(Q) gravity, where Q represents the non-metricity scalar. Utilizing cosmological datasets, we derive an accelerating cosmological model by constraining its free parameters. To achieve this, we determine the parametric form of the Hubble parameter using a well-motivated f(Q) function. Remarkably, all obtained values fall within the range suggested by cosmological observations. By employing the best-fit parameters, we calculate the present geometrical parameters and demonstrate the accelerating behaviour of the Universe. Furthermore, we thoroughly examine the evolutionary behaviours of the Universe, noting that our model converges to the $$\Lambda $$Λ CDM model at late times. Finally, we investigate the energy conditions and find a violation of the strong energy condition, which could provide a valuable understanding of the nature of dark energy.