The present research proposes an electronic performance monitoring framework based on ambidextrous leadership and social exchange theories in a dynamic environment. It reviews and integrates essential literature on electronic performance management (EPM), trust, and ambidextrous behavior. For this, authors have reviewed relevant literature on various themes and underpinned them for managing EPM. The study emphasizes individuals’ psychological foundations that demonstrate trust behavior and relationship with their leaders. Eventually, through an ambidextrous approach, managers gain steady performance and relationships with their subordinates through EPM. The study shows that ambidexterity benefits organizations; it enhances employees’ resources, resulting in enhanced performance that leads to the performance of an organization. The authors discuss the theoretical as well as practical implications of this study.

The increasing challenges posed by global warming underscore the need to examine the contributing factors comprehensively. This study explores the complex interaction that enhances the financial autonomy of local governments (fiscal decentralization), the evolution of financial development, and the dynamics of the environment in China, India, and Pakistan, which are known as highly populated economies. This search fills a vacuum in the research literature by using financial development and fiscal decentralization together to measure the complex interaction by using the broad dataset that spans the years 1979–2019. It significantly advances scientific knowledge by highlighting the frequently disregarded triangle formed by fiscal decentralization, financial development, and environmental quality in emerging nations. Moreover, the study seeks to elucidate how fiscal decentralization affects financial growth and, in turn, the environment. The review acknowledges the possibility of varying results among nations. Strict econometric techniques that consider slope heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence are used to guarantee the reliability of studies and conclusions. The results show that government money and GDP per capita have beneficial short-term effects on environmental quality. Simultaneously, financial growth positively and negatively impacts several factors, underscoring the complex dynamics at work in these crucial areas. Anticipated outcomes might provide a significant understanding of the fundamental factors influencing environmental quality in developing nations. This research is well-positioned to support the development of evidence-based policies by advising scholars and decision-makers on creating successful climate change mitigation plans.