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M. Parczewski
Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Immune Deficiency, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland

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Editorial
Published: 10 August 2021 in Viruses
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The advent of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) has transformed the treatment landscape of hepatitis C

ACS Style

Anita Y.M. Howe; Francesca Ceccherini-Silberstein; Julia Dietz; Stephanie Popping; Jason Grebely; Chaturaka Rodrigo; Johan Lennerstrand; Mark W. Douglas; Milosz Parczewsk; P. Richard Harrigan; Jean-Michel Pawlotsky; Federico Garcia; Shared Collaborators. SHARED: An International Collaboration to Unravel Hepatitis C Resistance. Viruses 2021, 13, 1580 .

AMA Style

Anita Y.M. Howe, Francesca Ceccherini-Silberstein, Julia Dietz, Stephanie Popping, Jason Grebely, Chaturaka Rodrigo, Johan Lennerstrand, Mark W. Douglas, Milosz Parczewsk, P. Richard Harrigan, Jean-Michel Pawlotsky, Federico Garcia, Shared Collaborators. SHARED: An International Collaboration to Unravel Hepatitis C Resistance. Viruses. 2021; 13 (8):1580.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anita Y.M. Howe; Francesca Ceccherini-Silberstein; Julia Dietz; Stephanie Popping; Jason Grebely; Chaturaka Rodrigo; Johan Lennerstrand; Mark W. Douglas; Milosz Parczewsk; P. Richard Harrigan; Jean-Michel Pawlotsky; Federico Garcia; Shared Collaborators. 2021. "SHARED: An International Collaboration to Unravel Hepatitis C Resistance." Viruses 13, no. 8: 1580.

Microbiology
Published: 09 August 2021 in PLoS ONE
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The life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLWH) remains shorter than that of the general population, despite significant improvement in the recent years. Mortality in HIV-infected individuals may be associated with a higher viral load at of diagnosis, a lower CD4 count, or clinical variables such as sex or route of transmission. This article investigated the role of the HLA-B*5701 varian on mortality among PLWH. Material for the analysis consist of the data of 2,393 patients for whom the HLA-B*57 variant was known. Those patients were followed under the care of the Infectious Diseases Hospital in Warsaw (n = 1555) and the Clinic of Acquired Immunodeficiency of the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin (n = 838). Factors such as age, gender, date of HIV diagnosis, route of transmission, date of death, baseline HIV viral load and baseline CD4 counts, were collected, and end-point cross-sectional analyses were marked at 60, 120, 180 and 240 month of observation. HLA-B*5701 allele was found in 133 (5.5%) analyzed cases. Median age was notably higher for HLA-B*5701 positive patients [32.7 (28.3–41.3) vs. 31.6 (26.8–38.3)years p = 0.02]. HLA-B*5701 was associated with lower baseline viral load [4.21 (3.5–4.8) vs. 4.79 (4.2–5.3)log copies/ml p<0.001] and higher CD4count [448 (294.5–662) vs. 352 (176–514) cells/μl p<0.001]. There were no association between HLA-B*5701 and survival for any given end-point. Higher mortality was associated to male gender, intravenous drug users, lower CD4 count at baseline and higher baseline viral load. In our study, the presence of HLA-B*5701 allel was not associated with mortality rate of HIV infected patients, irrespective of being associated with both higher baseline CD4 + cell count and lower baseline HIV viral load.

ACS Style

Bogusz Jan Aksak-Wąs; Miłosz Parczewski; Anna Urbańska; Małgorzata Hackiewicz; Justyna D. Kowalska. Influence of HLA-B*5701 on 20 year survival rate among patients living with HIV. PLoS ONE 2021, 16, 1 .

AMA Style

Bogusz Jan Aksak-Wąs, Miłosz Parczewski, Anna Urbańska, Małgorzata Hackiewicz, Justyna D. Kowalska. Influence of HLA-B*5701 on 20 year survival rate among patients living with HIV. PLoS ONE. 2021; 16 (8):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bogusz Jan Aksak-Wąs; Miłosz Parczewski; Anna Urbańska; Małgorzata Hackiewicz; Justyna D. Kowalska. 2021. "Influence of HLA-B*5701 on 20 year survival rate among patients living with HIV." PLoS ONE 16, no. 8: 1.

Review
Published: 19 July 2021 in Cells
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Since the end of 2019, a new, dangerous virus has caused the deaths of more than 3 million people. Efforts to fight the disease remain multifaceted and include prophylactic strategies (vaccines), the development of antiviral drugs targeting replication, and the mitigation of the damage associated with exacerbated immune responses (e.g., interleukin-6-receptor inhibitors). However, numerous uncertainties remain, making it difficult to lower the mortality rate, especially among critically ill patients. While looking for a new means of understanding the pathomechanisms of the disease, we asked a question—is our immunity key to resolving these uncertainties? In this review, we attempt to answer this question, and summarize, interpret, and discuss the available knowledge concerning the interplay between neutrophils, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and T-cells in COVID-19. These are considered to be the first line of defense against pathogens and, thus, we chose to emphasize their role in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although immunologic alterations are the subject of constant research, they are poorly understood and often underestimated. This review provides background information for the expansion of research on the novel, immunity-oriented approach to diagnostic and treatment possibilities.

ACS Style

Paulina Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej; Ewelina Grywalska; Rafał Hrynkiewicz; Dominika Bębnowska; Mikołaj Wołącewicz; Adam Majchrzak; Miłosz Parczewski. Interplay between Neutrophils, NETs and T-Cells in SARS-CoV-2 Infection—A Missing Piece of the Puzzle in the COVID-19 Pathogenesis? Cells 2021, 10, 1817 .

AMA Style

Paulina Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej, Ewelina Grywalska, Rafał Hrynkiewicz, Dominika Bębnowska, Mikołaj Wołącewicz, Adam Majchrzak, Miłosz Parczewski. Interplay between Neutrophils, NETs and T-Cells in SARS-CoV-2 Infection—A Missing Piece of the Puzzle in the COVID-19 Pathogenesis? Cells. 2021; 10 (7):1817.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paulina Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej; Ewelina Grywalska; Rafał Hrynkiewicz; Dominika Bębnowska; Mikołaj Wołącewicz; Adam Majchrzak; Miłosz Parczewski. 2021. "Interplay between Neutrophils, NETs and T-Cells in SARS-CoV-2 Infection—A Missing Piece of the Puzzle in the COVID-19 Pathogenesis?" Cells 10, no. 7: 1817.

Journal article
Published: 02 July 2021 in Viruses
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The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) evolved into a worldwide outbreak, with the first Polish cases in February/March 2020. This study aimed to investigate the molecular epidemiology of the circulating virus lineages between March 2020 and February 2021. We performed variant identification, spike mutation pattern analysis, and phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses for 1106 high-coverage whole-genome sequences, implementing maximum likelihood, multiple continuous-time Markov chain, and Bayesian birth–death skyline models. For time trends, logistic regression was used. In the dataset, virus B.1.221 lineage was predominant (15.37%), followed by B.1.258 (15.01%) and B.1.1.29 (11.48%) strains. Three clades were identified, being responsible for 74.41% of infections over the analyzed period. Expansion in variant diversity was observed since September 2020 with increasing frequency of the number in spike substitutions, mainly H69V70 deletion, P681H, N439K, and S98F. In population dynamics inferences, three periods with exponential increase in infection were observed, beginning in March, July, and September 2020, respectively, and were driven by different virus clades. Additionally, a notable increase in infections caused by the B.1.1.7 lineage since February 2021 was noted. Over time, the virus accumulated mutations related to optimized transmissibility; therefore, faster dissemination is reflected by the second wave of epidemics in Poland.

ACS Style

Karol Serwin; Andrzej Ossowski; Maria Szargut; Sandra Cytacka; Anna Urbańska; Adam Majchrzak; Anna Niedźwiedź; Ewa Czerska; Anna Pawińska-Matecka; Joanna Gołąb; Miłosz Parczewski. Molecular Evolution and Epidemiological Characteristics of SARS COV-2 in (Northwestern) Poland. Viruses 2021, 13, 1295 .

AMA Style

Karol Serwin, Andrzej Ossowski, Maria Szargut, Sandra Cytacka, Anna Urbańska, Adam Majchrzak, Anna Niedźwiedź, Ewa Czerska, Anna Pawińska-Matecka, Joanna Gołąb, Miłosz Parczewski. Molecular Evolution and Epidemiological Characteristics of SARS COV-2 in (Northwestern) Poland. Viruses. 2021; 13 (7):1295.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karol Serwin; Andrzej Ossowski; Maria Szargut; Sandra Cytacka; Anna Urbańska; Adam Majchrzak; Anna Niedźwiedź; Ewa Czerska; Anna Pawińska-Matecka; Joanna Gołąb; Miłosz Parczewski. 2021. "Molecular Evolution and Epidemiological Characteristics of SARS COV-2 in (Northwestern) Poland." Viruses 13, no. 7: 1295.

Review
Published: 30 June 2021 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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The continually evolving severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has resulted in a vast number of either acute or chronic medical impairments of a pathophysiology that is not yet fully understood. SARS-CoV-2 tropism for the organs is associated with bilateral organ cross-talks as well as targeted dysfunctions, among which acute kidney injury (AKI) seems to be highly prevalent in infected patients. The need for efficient management of COVID-related AKI patients is an aspect that is still being investigated by nephrologists; however, another reason for concern is a disturbingly high proportion of various types of kidney dysfunctions in patients who have recovered from COVID-19. Even though the clinical picture of AKI and COVID-related AKI seems to be quite similar, it must be considered that regarding the latter, little is known about both the optimal management and long-term consequences. These discrepancies raise an urgent need for further research aimed at evaluating the molecular mechanisms associated with SARS-CoV-2-induced kidney damage as well as standardized management of COVID-related AKI patients. The following review presents a comprehensive and most-recent insight into the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, recommended patient management, treatment strategies, and post-mortem findings in patients with COVID-related AKI.

ACS Style

Iwona Smarz-Widelska; Ewelina Grywalska; Izabela Morawska; Alicja Forma; Adam Michalski; Sebastian Mertowski; Rafał Hrynkiewicz; Paulina Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej; Izabela Korona-Glowniak; Miłosz Parczewski; Wojciech Załuska. Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations of COVID-19-Related Acute Kidney Injury—The Current State of Knowledge and Future Perspectives. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021, 22, 7082 .

AMA Style

Iwona Smarz-Widelska, Ewelina Grywalska, Izabela Morawska, Alicja Forma, Adam Michalski, Sebastian Mertowski, Rafał Hrynkiewicz, Paulina Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej, Izabela Korona-Glowniak, Miłosz Parczewski, Wojciech Załuska. Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations of COVID-19-Related Acute Kidney Injury—The Current State of Knowledge and Future Perspectives. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22 (13):7082.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Iwona Smarz-Widelska; Ewelina Grywalska; Izabela Morawska; Alicja Forma; Adam Michalski; Sebastian Mertowski; Rafał Hrynkiewicz; Paulina Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej; Izabela Korona-Glowniak; Miłosz Parczewski; Wojciech Załuska. 2021. "Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations of COVID-19-Related Acute Kidney Injury—The Current State of Knowledge and Future Perspectives." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 13: 7082.

Journal article
Published: 17 June 2021 in Scientific Reports
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Surveillance on the HIV molecular variability, risk of drug resistance transmission and evolution of novel viral variants among blood donors remains an understudied aspect of hemovigilance. This nationwide study analyses patterns of HIV diversity and transmitted resistance mutations. Study included 185 samples from the first time and repeat blood donors with HIV infection identified by molecular assay. HIV protease, reverse transcriptase and integrase were sequenced using population methods. Drug resistance mutation (DRM) patterns were analyzed based on the Stanford Interpretation Algorithm and standardized lists of transmitted mutations. Phylogeny was used to investigate subtyping, clustering and recombination patterns. HIV-1 subtype B (89.2%) followed by subtype A6 (7.6%) were predominant, while in three (1.6%) cases, novel recombinant B/A6 variants were identified. Non-B variants were more common among repeat donors (14.5%) compared to the first time ones (1.8%), p = 0.011, with higher frequency (9.9%) of A6 variant in the repeat donor group, p = 0.04. Major NRTI DRMs were observed in 3.8%, NNRTI and PI in 0.6% and INSTI 1.1% of cases. Additionally, E157Q polymorphism was observed in 9.8% and L74I in 11.5% of integrase sequences. Transmission of drug resistance among blood donors remains infrequent. Subtype patters increase in complexity with emergence of novel intersubtype A6B recombinants.

ACS Style

Miłosz Parczewski; Ewa Sulkowska; Anna Urbańska; Kaja Scheibe; Karol Serwin; Piotr Grabarczyk. Transmitted HIV drug resistance and subtype patterns among blood donors in Poland. Scientific Reports 2021, 11, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Miłosz Parczewski, Ewa Sulkowska, Anna Urbańska, Kaja Scheibe, Karol Serwin, Piotr Grabarczyk. Transmitted HIV drug resistance and subtype patterns among blood donors in Poland. Scientific Reports. 2021; 11 (1):1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Miłosz Parczewski; Ewa Sulkowska; Anna Urbańska; Kaja Scheibe; Karol Serwin; Piotr Grabarczyk. 2021. "Transmitted HIV drug resistance and subtype patterns among blood donors in Poland." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1: 1-11.

Journal article
Published: 09 February 2021 in Journal of Clinical Medicine
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Liver injury—expressed as elevated liver enzymes—is common in patients with COVID-19. Little is known about the potential mechanisms of liver damage by SARS-CoV-2. A direct cytopathic effect on hepatocytes as well as injury related to hypoxia or hepatotoxicity are being considered. The aim of the study was to compare the clinical characteristic of COVID-19 disease in patients with normal and abnormal liver enzymes activity. A group of 150 patients with COVID-19, hospitalized in our center, was analyzed. Patients with the known liver comorbidities were excluded (n = 15). Clinical features and laboratory parameters were compared between patients with normal and abnormal aminotransferase values. Liver injury expressed as any alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation was noted in 45.6% of patients hospitalized due to COVID-19. The frequencies of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) elevation were lower. It was noted that elevated ALT/AST unfavorably affected other parameters related to liver function such as albumin level; gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP); and partly, ALP activity and influenced inflammation-related parameters. The most probable cause of mild hepatitis during COVID-19 was anoxia and immune-mediated damage due to the inflammatory response following SARS-CoV-2 infection. A direct cytopathic effect of SARS-CoV-2 on hepatocytes, albeit less probable, can be considered as well. The use of potentially hepatotoxic drugs may contribute to liver damage.

ACS Style

Hanna Wiśniewska; Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka; Miłosz Parczewski; Jolanta Niścigorska-Olsen; Ewa Karpińska; Monika Hornung; Krzysztof Jurczyk; Magdalena Witak-Jędra; Łukasz Laurans; Katarzyna Maciejewska; Łukasz Socha; Agnieszka Leonciuk; Dorota Bander; Malwina Karasińska-Cieślak; Bogusz Aksak-Wąs; Marta Wawrzynowicz-Syczewska. Hepatotropic Properties of SARS-CoV-2—Preliminary Results of Cross-Sectional Observational Study from the First Wave COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2021, 10, 672 .

AMA Style

Hanna Wiśniewska, Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka, Miłosz Parczewski, Jolanta Niścigorska-Olsen, Ewa Karpińska, Monika Hornung, Krzysztof Jurczyk, Magdalena Witak-Jędra, Łukasz Laurans, Katarzyna Maciejewska, Łukasz Socha, Agnieszka Leonciuk, Dorota Bander, Malwina Karasińska-Cieślak, Bogusz Aksak-Wąs, Marta Wawrzynowicz-Syczewska. Hepatotropic Properties of SARS-CoV-2—Preliminary Results of Cross-Sectional Observational Study from the First Wave COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10 (4):672.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hanna Wiśniewska; Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka; Miłosz Parczewski; Jolanta Niścigorska-Olsen; Ewa Karpińska; Monika Hornung; Krzysztof Jurczyk; Magdalena Witak-Jędra; Łukasz Laurans; Katarzyna Maciejewska; Łukasz Socha; Agnieszka Leonciuk; Dorota Bander; Malwina Karasińska-Cieślak; Bogusz Aksak-Wąs; Marta Wawrzynowicz-Syczewska. 2021. "Hepatotropic Properties of SARS-CoV-2—Preliminary Results of Cross-Sectional Observational Study from the First Wave COVID-19 Pandemic." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 4: 672.

Journal article
Published: 02 February 2021 in Infection, Genetics and Evolution
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HIV-1 subtypes have been associated with less favourable clinical profiles, differences in disease progression and higher risk of neurocognitive deficit. In this study we aimed to analyse the long term survival disparities between patients infected with the most common HIV-1 variants observed in Poland. For the study data from 518 Caucasian non-immigrant patients of Polish origin infected with divergent HIV subtypes and variants [subtype A (n = 35, 6.8%), subtype B (n = 386, 74.5%), subtype C (n = 13, 2.5%), subtype D (n = 58, 11.19%) or other non-A,B,C,D (n = 26, 5.01%)variants] were analysed. Subtyping was performed using the partial pol (reverse transcriptase and protease) sequencing. HIV variant was coupled with clinical, virologic and survival data censored at 20 years of observation. Overall survival and on antiretroviral treatment survival was analysed using Kaplan-Meyer as well as unadjusted and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. Significantly higher mortality was observed among subtype D (28.8%) infected subjects compared to subtype B (11.7%, p = 0.0004). Increased risk of death among subtype D cases remained significant when cART treated individuals were analysed, with on-treatment mortality of 26.9% for subtype D (p = 0.006) compared to 10.73% in subtype B infected cases. Kaplan-Meyer survival estimates differed significantly across all investigated HIV-1 variant groups when overall 20 year mortality was analysed (log rank p = 0.029), being non-significant for the cART treated group. In multivariate model of overall 20 year survival, adjusted for age at diagnosis, gender, HCV and AIDS status, lymphocyte CD4 count, transmission route and HIV viral load, only age and subtype D were independently associated with higher likelihood of death [HR: 1.08 (95%CI: 1.03–1.14, p = 0.002) and HR: 7.91 (95%CI:2.33–26.86), p < 0.001, respectively]. In the on-treatment (cART) multivariate model of 20 year survival adjusted for the same parameters only subtype D remained as the independent factor associated with higher mortality risk [HR: 4.24 (95%CI:1.31–13.7), p = 0.02]. Subtype D has an independent deleterious effect of survival, even in the setting of antiretroviral treatment. Observed effect indicated higher clinical vigilance for patients infected with this subtype even after long time of stable antiretroviral treatment.

ACS Style

Miłosz Parczewski; Kaja Scheibe; Magdalena Witak-Jędra; Magdalena Pynka; Bogusz Aksak-Wąs; Anna Urbańska. Infection with HIV-1 subtype D adversely affects the live expectancy independently of antiretroviral drug use. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 2021, 90, 104754 .

AMA Style

Miłosz Parczewski, Kaja Scheibe, Magdalena Witak-Jędra, Magdalena Pynka, Bogusz Aksak-Wąs, Anna Urbańska. Infection with HIV-1 subtype D adversely affects the live expectancy independently of antiretroviral drug use. Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 2021; 90 ():104754.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Miłosz Parczewski; Kaja Scheibe; Magdalena Witak-Jędra; Magdalena Pynka; Bogusz Aksak-Wąs; Anna Urbańska. 2021. "Infection with HIV-1 subtype D adversely affects the live expectancy independently of antiretroviral drug use." Infection, Genetics and Evolution 90, no. : 104754.

Review
Published: 17 January 2021 in Pharmaceuticals
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In March 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). The clinical course of the disease is unpredictable but may lead to severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) and pneumonia leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It has been shown that pulmonary fibrosis may be one of the major long-term complications of COVID-19. In animal models, the use of spironolactone was proven to be an important drug in the prevention of pulmonary fibrosis. Through its dual action as a mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist and an androgenic inhibitor, spironolactone can provide significant benefits concerning COVID-19 infection. The primary effect of spironolactone in reducing pulmonary edema may also be beneficial in COVID-19 ARDS. Spironolactone is a well-known, widely used and safe anti-hypertensive and antiandrogenic medication. It has potassium-sparing diuretic action by antagonizing mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs). Spironolactone and potassium canrenoate, exerting combined pleiotropic action, may provide a therapeutic benefit to patients with COVID-19 pneumonia through antiandrogen, MR blocking, antifibrotic and anti-hyperinflammatory action. It has been proposed that spironolactone may prevent acute lung injury in COVID-19 infection due to its pleiotropic effects with favorable renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) and ACE2 expression, reduction in transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) activity and antiandrogenic action, and therefore it may prove to act as additional protection for patients at highest risk of severe pneumonia. Future prospective clinical trials are warranted to evaluate its therapeutic potential.

ACS Style

Katarzyna Kotfis; Kacper Lechowicz; Sylwester Drożdżal; Paulina Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej; Tomasz Wojdacz; Ewelina Grywalska; Jowita Biernawska; Magda Wiśniewska; Miłosz Parczewski. COVID-19—The Potential Beneficial Therapeutic Effects of Spironolactone during SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Pharmaceuticals 2021, 14, 71 .

AMA Style

Katarzyna Kotfis, Kacper Lechowicz, Sylwester Drożdżal, Paulina Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej, Tomasz Wojdacz, Ewelina Grywalska, Jowita Biernawska, Magda Wiśniewska, Miłosz Parczewski. COVID-19—The Potential Beneficial Therapeutic Effects of Spironolactone during SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Pharmaceuticals. 2021; 14 (1):71.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Katarzyna Kotfis; Kacper Lechowicz; Sylwester Drożdżal; Paulina Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej; Tomasz Wojdacz; Ewelina Grywalska; Jowita Biernawska; Magda Wiśniewska; Miłosz Parczewski. 2021. "COVID-19—The Potential Beneficial Therapeutic Effects of Spironolactone during SARS-CoV-2 Infection." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 1: 71.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2019 in Clinical Microbiology and Infection
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Presence of NS5A RAVs correlated with progression of liver fibrosis and represents de novo selection of variants rather than transmission of drug resistance. Thus, the presence of NS5A RAVs may be a predictor for a long-lasting HCV infection.

ACS Style

M. Parczewski; J. Kordek; E. Janczewska; A. Pisula; W. Łojewski; Ł. Socha; M. Wawrzynowicz-Syczewska; M. Bociąga-Jasik; A. Szymczak; I. Cielniak; E. Siwak; E. Mularska; B. Aksak-Wąs; A. Urbańska; N. Lübke. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 NS5A resistance-associated variants are associated with advanced liver fibrosis independently of HCV-transmission clusters. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2019, 25, 513.e1 -513.e6.

AMA Style

M. Parczewski, J. Kordek, E. Janczewska, A. Pisula, W. Łojewski, Ł. Socha, M. Wawrzynowicz-Syczewska, M. Bociąga-Jasik, A. Szymczak, I. Cielniak, E. Siwak, E. Mularska, B. Aksak-Wąs, A. Urbańska, N. Lübke. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 NS5A resistance-associated variants are associated with advanced liver fibrosis independently of HCV-transmission clusters. Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 2019; 25 (4):513.e1-513.e6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Parczewski; J. Kordek; E. Janczewska; A. Pisula; W. Łojewski; Ł. Socha; M. Wawrzynowicz-Syczewska; M. Bociąga-Jasik; A. Szymczak; I. Cielniak; E. Siwak; E. Mularska; B. Aksak-Wąs; A. Urbańska; N. Lübke. 2019. "Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 NS5A resistance-associated variants are associated with advanced liver fibrosis independently of HCV-transmission clusters." Clinical Microbiology and Infection 25, no. 4: 513.e1-513.e6.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Archives of Medical Science
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Introduction : Hepatitis C (HCV) infection adversely affects survival among people living with HIV, increasing mortality risk due to liver-related causes. In Poland HCV is found among ~30% of HIV infected individuals, with only a small percentage successfully treated for this coinfection. This...

ACS Style

Magdalena Leszczyszyn-Pynka; Piotr Ciejak; Katarzyna Maciejewska; Magdalena Witak-Jędra; Malwina Karasińska-Cieślak; Ewa Karpińska; Marta Wawrzynowicz-Syczewska; Miłosz Parczewski. Hepatitis C coinfection adversely affects the life expectancy of people living with HIV in northwestern Poland. Archives of Medical Science 2018, 14, 554 -559.

AMA Style

Magdalena Leszczyszyn-Pynka, Piotr Ciejak, Katarzyna Maciejewska, Magdalena Witak-Jędra, Malwina Karasińska-Cieślak, Ewa Karpińska, Marta Wawrzynowicz-Syczewska, Miłosz Parczewski. Hepatitis C coinfection adversely affects the life expectancy of people living with HIV in northwestern Poland. Archives of Medical Science. 2018; 14 (3):554-559.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Magdalena Leszczyszyn-Pynka; Piotr Ciejak; Katarzyna Maciejewska; Magdalena Witak-Jędra; Malwina Karasińska-Cieślak; Ewa Karpińska; Marta Wawrzynowicz-Syczewska; Miłosz Parczewski. 2018. "Hepatitis C coinfection adversely affects the life expectancy of people living with HIV in northwestern Poland." Archives of Medical Science 14, no. 3: 554-559.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2017 in Forum Zaka&#380;e&#324;
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Warianty lekooporności związane z obniżeniem wrażliwości (ang. resistance- associated substitutions – RAS) na bezpośrednio działające leki (ang. directly acting antivirals – DAA) anty-HCV mogą prowadzić do zmniejszenia skuteczności terapii, co skutkuje koniecznością powtarzania leczenia. Mutacje obniżające wrażliwość na preparaty DAA opisywano dla wszystkich stosowanych klas lekow – zarowno inhibitorow proteazy, jak inhibitorow NS5A i NS5B. Kluczowymi z praktycznego punktu wiedzenia są mutacje lekooporności w regionie NS5A, często zwiększające ponad kilkusetkrotnie stężenia hamujące większość inhibitorow tego białka, a więc efektywnie sprawiające, że większość lekow nie osiągnie klinicznego stężenia terapeutycznego ze względu na utrzymanie wysokiej aktywności replikacyjnej utrzymującej się długotrwale wśrod populacji krążących wirusa. W celu interpretacji lekooporności należy rownież rozważać barierę genetyczną stosowanej terapii przekładającą się na łatwość selekcji wariantow lekoopornych. W ramach niniejszej pracy poglądowej został zaprezentowany aktualny stan wiedzy związany z lekoopornością HCV oraz kluczowymi wyzwaniami związanymi z tą gałęzią wirusologii molekularnej.

ACS Style

Miłosz Parczewski. Oporność na bezpośrednio działające leki anty-HCV – podsumowanie bieżącego stanu wiedzy. Forum Zaka&#380;e&#324; 2017, 8, 291 -298.

AMA Style

Miłosz Parczewski. Oporność na bezpośrednio działające leki anty-HCV – podsumowanie bieżącego stanu wiedzy. Forum Zaka&#380;e&#324;. 2017; 8 (4):291-298.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Miłosz Parczewski. 2017. "Oporność na bezpośrednio działające leki anty-HCV – podsumowanie bieżącego stanu wiedzy." Forum Zaka&#380;e&#324; 8, no. 4: 291-298.

Multicenter study
Published: 31 August 2017 in Journal of Medical Virology
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To assess the efficacy and tolerability of dual therapy containing raltegravir (RAL) and ritonavir boosted darunavir (DRV/r) in HIV-1-infected treatment-experienced patients. Retrospective analysis of 81 HIV-1-infected treatment-experienced patients (56 male and 25 female, 5 Polish centers) who switched to RAL/DRV/r. The main reasons for the introduction of dual therapy were renal dysfunction (16/81 patients—19.8%) and virologic failure on previous regimens (15/81 patients—18.5%). At 48 weeks the treatment was continued in 58/81 (71.6% of patients). In three patients the therapy was discontinued because of virologic failure. However, no mutations to DRV or integrase inhibitors (InI) were detected. At 48 weeks of treatment CD4+ lymphocyte count increased statistically significantly (median 121 cells/μL) P < 0.005. The main reasons for the discontinuation of therapy were treatment simplification (11/23—47.8% patients), adverse events (7/23 patients 30.4%), virologic failure (3/23 patients 13.0%). All patients who switched to RAL/DRV/r therapy because of prior renal impairment were maintained on the treatment for 48 weeks. In this group, before the introduction of dual therapy eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) 0.05). We found a statistically significant decrease in the prevalence of proteinuria or eGFR <60 mL/min/1.72 m2 (93.8% vs 37.5%; P = 0.004 before and after the introduction of dual therapy, respectively). Dual therapy was effective and safe for the vast majority of antiretroviral-experienced subjects. Such therapy can be recommended especially for patients with renal impairment or NRTIs intolerance.

ACS Style

Elżbieta Jabłonowska; Piotr Pulik; Anna Kalinowska; Jacek Gąsiorowski; Miłosz Parczewski; Łukasz Pulik; Ewa Siwak; Kamila Wójcik; Monika Bociąga-Jasik. Efficacy and safety of nucleoside-sparing regimen based on raltegravir and ritonavir-boosted darunavir in HIV-1-infected treatment-experienced patients. Journal of Medical Virology 2017, 89, 2122 -2129.

AMA Style

Elżbieta Jabłonowska, Piotr Pulik, Anna Kalinowska, Jacek Gąsiorowski, Miłosz Parczewski, Łukasz Pulik, Ewa Siwak, Kamila Wójcik, Monika Bociąga-Jasik. Efficacy and safety of nucleoside-sparing regimen based on raltegravir and ritonavir-boosted darunavir in HIV-1-infected treatment-experienced patients. Journal of Medical Virology. 2017; 89 (12):2122-2129.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elżbieta Jabłonowska; Piotr Pulik; Anna Kalinowska; Jacek Gąsiorowski; Miłosz Parczewski; Łukasz Pulik; Ewa Siwak; Kamila Wójcik; Monika Bociąga-Jasik. 2017. "Efficacy and safety of nucleoside-sparing regimen based on raltegravir and ritonavir-boosted darunavir in HIV-1-infected treatment-experienced patients." Journal of Medical Virology 89, no. 12: 2122-2129.

Journal article
Published: 17 July 2017 in Journal of the International AIDS Society
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Introduction: Modern combined antiretroviral therapies (cART) allow to effectively suppress HIV-1 viral load, with the 90% virologic success rate, meeting the WHO target in most clinical settings. The aim of this study was to analyse antiretroviral treatment efficacy in Poland and to identify variables associated with virologic suppression.

ACS Style

Milosz Parczewski; Ewa Siwak; Magdalena Leszczyszyn-Pynka; Iwona Cielniak; Ewa Burkacka; Piotr Pulik; Adam Witor; Karolina Muller; Ewelina Zasik; Anna Grzeszczuk; Maria Jankowska; Małgorzata Lemańska; Anita Olczak; Edyta Grąbczewska; Aleksandra Szymczak; Jacek Gąsiorowski; Bartosz Szetela; Monika Bociąga-Jasik; Paweł Skwara; Magdalena Witak-Jędra; Elżbieta Jabłonowska; Kamila Wójcik-Cichy; Juliusz Kamerys; Małgorzata Janczarek; Dagny Krankowska; Tomasz Mikuła; Katarzyna Kozieł; Dariusz Bielec; Justyna Stempkowska; Aleksandra Kocbach; Wiesława Błudzin; Andrzej Horban. Meeting the WHO 90% target: antiretroviral treatment efficacy in Poland is associated with baseline clinical patient characteristics. Journal of the International AIDS Society 2017, 20, 21847 .

AMA Style

Milosz Parczewski, Ewa Siwak, Magdalena Leszczyszyn-Pynka, Iwona Cielniak, Ewa Burkacka, Piotr Pulik, Adam Witor, Karolina Muller, Ewelina Zasik, Anna Grzeszczuk, Maria Jankowska, Małgorzata Lemańska, Anita Olczak, Edyta Grąbczewska, Aleksandra Szymczak, Jacek Gąsiorowski, Bartosz Szetela, Monika Bociąga-Jasik, Paweł Skwara, Magdalena Witak-Jędra, Elżbieta Jabłonowska, Kamila Wójcik-Cichy, Juliusz Kamerys, Małgorzata Janczarek, Dagny Krankowska, Tomasz Mikuła, Katarzyna Kozieł, Dariusz Bielec, Justyna Stempkowska, Aleksandra Kocbach, Wiesława Błudzin, Andrzej Horban. Meeting the WHO 90% target: antiretroviral treatment efficacy in Poland is associated with baseline clinical patient characteristics. Journal of the International AIDS Society. 2017; 20 (1):21847.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Milosz Parczewski; Ewa Siwak; Magdalena Leszczyszyn-Pynka; Iwona Cielniak; Ewa Burkacka; Piotr Pulik; Adam Witor; Karolina Muller; Ewelina Zasik; Anna Grzeszczuk; Maria Jankowska; Małgorzata Lemańska; Anita Olczak; Edyta Grąbczewska; Aleksandra Szymczak; Jacek Gąsiorowski; Bartosz Szetela; Monika Bociąga-Jasik; Paweł Skwara; Magdalena Witak-Jędra; Elżbieta Jabłonowska; Kamila Wójcik-Cichy; Juliusz Kamerys; Małgorzata Janczarek; Dagny Krankowska; Tomasz Mikuła; Katarzyna Kozieł; Dariusz Bielec; Justyna Stempkowska; Aleksandra Kocbach; Wiesława Błudzin; Andrzej Horban. 2017. "Meeting the WHO 90% target: antiretroviral treatment efficacy in Poland is associated with baseline clinical patient characteristics." Journal of the International AIDS Society 20, no. 1: 21847.

Journal article
Published: 24 June 2017 in Journal of Neuroinflammation
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Host factors determining the clinical presentation of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) are not fully elucidated. The peripheral inflammatory response to TBE virus is hypothesized to facilitate its entry into central nervous system by disrupting the blood-brain barrier with the involvement of a signaling route including Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and pro-inflammatory cytokines macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). Concentrations of MIF, TNFα, and IL-1β were measured with commercial ELISA in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 36 hospitalized TBE patients, 7 patients with non-TBE meningitis, and 6 controls. The CSF albumin quotient (AQ) was used as a marker of blood-brain barrier permeability. Single nucleotide polymorphisms rs3775291, rs5743305 (associated with TLR3 expression), and rs755622 (associated with MIF expression) were assessed in blood samples from 108 TBE patients and 72 non-TBE controls. The data were analyzed with non-parametric tests, and p < 0.05 was considered significant. The median serum and CSF concentrations of MIF and IL-1β were significantly increased in TBE group compared to controls. MIF concentration in serum tended to correlate with AQ in TBE, but not in non-TBE meningitis. The serum concentration of TNFα was increased in TBE patients bearing a high-expression TLR3 rs5743305 TT genotype, which also associated with the increased risk of TBE. The low-expression rs3775291 TLR3 genotype TT associated with a prolonged increase of CSF protein concentration. The high-expression MIF rs755622 genotype CC tended to correlate with an increased risk of TBE, and within TBE group, it was associated with a mild presentation. The results point to the signaling route involving TLR3, MIF, and TNFα being active in TBE virus infection and contributing to the risk of an overt neuroinvasive disease. The same factors may play a protective role intrathecally contributing to the milder course of neuroinfection. This suggests that the individual variability of the risk and clinical presentation of TBE might be traced to the variable peripheral and intrathecal expression of the mediators of the inflammatory response, which in turn associates with the host genetic background.

ACS Style

Sambor Grygorczuk; Miłosz Parczewski; Renata Świerzbińska; Piotr Czupryna; Anna Moniuszko; Justyna Dunaj; Maciej Kondrusik; Sławomir Pancewicz. The increased concentration of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with tick-borne encephalitis. Journal of Neuroinflammation 2017, 14, 126 .

AMA Style

Sambor Grygorczuk, Miłosz Parczewski, Renata Świerzbińska, Piotr Czupryna, Anna Moniuszko, Justyna Dunaj, Maciej Kondrusik, Sławomir Pancewicz. The increased concentration of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with tick-borne encephalitis. Journal of Neuroinflammation. 2017; 14 (1):126.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sambor Grygorczuk; Miłosz Parczewski; Renata Świerzbińska; Piotr Czupryna; Anna Moniuszko; Justyna Dunaj; Maciej Kondrusik; Sławomir Pancewicz. 2017. "The increased concentration of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with tick-borne encephalitis." Journal of Neuroinflammation 14, no. 1: 126.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2017 in Infection, Genetics and Evolution
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With the widespread introduction of the integrase (In) inhibitors into clinical practice, transmission of drug resistance to this class of antiretroviral medications may expand. The aim of this study was to analyze the recent patterns of In resistance in treatment naive individuals in Northern Poland and its association with transmitted protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) mutations. Study included 172 PR, RT and InI sequences from antiretroviral treatment naive HIV-1 infected patients linked to care in Northern Poland from 2010 to 2015. Drug resistance was interpreted based on the WHO surveillance and IAS-USA mutation lists. For phylogeny maximum likelihood and Bayesian Monte Carlo Markov Chain analyses were used. Overall rate of transmitted drug resistance was 12.21%. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) resistance associated substitutions were found in 11.05% of cases and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance variants in 1.16%. In multivariate models transmitted resistance strongly associated with subtype D infections [66.67% compared to the 3.84% for subtype B (p=0.001)]. No transmission of major protease or integrase mutations were observed. Polymorphisms associated with resistance against integrase inhibitor, mostly E157Q, were found in 21.5% sequences and associated with female (31.91% vs. 15.2% for male, p=0.01), injection drug use (84.21% compared to 22.08% for heterosexual and 1.39% for men-who-have-sex-with-men transmissions, p<0.0001) as well as hepatitis C coinfection [63.64% for positive, versus 8.57% for HCV antibody negative, p<0.0001]. Clusters of nucleoside reverse transcriptase mutations in subtype D and integrase E157Q variants in subtype B were observed. Transmitted drug resistance frequency was high in subtype D but limited to clustered NRTI mutations, being infrequent among subtype B infected cases. Despite lack of major integrase resistance in treatment naive patients, variants potentially affecting susceptibility to this class were common, which indicates the potential need for extended surveillance in the near future.

ACS Style

Miłosz Parczewski; Magdalena Leszczyszyn-Pynka; Anna Urbańska. Differences in the integrase and reverse transcriptase transmitted resistance patterns in Northern Poland. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 2017, 49, 122 -129.

AMA Style

Miłosz Parczewski, Magdalena Leszczyszyn-Pynka, Anna Urbańska. Differences in the integrase and reverse transcriptase transmitted resistance patterns in Northern Poland. Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 2017; 49 ():122-129.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Miłosz Parczewski; Magdalena Leszczyszyn-Pynka; Anna Urbańska. 2017. "Differences in the integrase and reverse transcriptase transmitted resistance patterns in Northern Poland." Infection, Genetics and Evolution 49, no. : 122-129.

Research article
Published: 24 February 2017 in PLOS ONE
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Reconstruction of HIV transmission links allows to trace the spread and dynamics of infection and guide epidemiological interventions. The aim of this study was to characterize transmission networks among subtype B infected patients from Poland. Maximum likelihood phylogenenetic trees were inferred from 966 HIV-1 subtype B protease/reverse transcriptase sequences from patients followed up in nine Polish HIV centers. Monophyletic clusters were identified using 3% within-cluster distance and 0.9 bootstrap values. Interregional links for the clusters were investigated and time from infection to onward transmission estimated using Bayesian dated MCMC phylogeny. Three hundred twenty one (33.2%) sequences formed 109 clusters, including ten clusters of ≥5 sequences (n = 81, 8.4%). Transmission networks were more common among MSM (234 sequences, 68.6%) compared to other infection routes (injection drug use: 28 (8.2%) and heterosexual transmissions: 59 (17.3%) cases, respectively [OR:3.5 (95%CI:2.6–4.6),p<0.001]. Frequency of clustering increased from 26.92% in 2009 to 50.6% in 2014 [OR:1.18 (95%CI:1.06–1.31),p = 0.0026; slope +2.8%/year] with median time to onward transmission within clusters of 1.38 (IQR:0.59–2.52) years. In multivariate models clustering was associated with both MSM transmission route [OR:2.24 (95%CI:1.38–3.65),p<0.001] and asymptomatic stage of HIV infection [OR:1.93 (95%CI:1.4–2.64),p<0.0001]. Additionally, interregional networks were linked to MSM transmissions [OR:4.7 (95%CI:2.55–8.96),p<0.001]. Reconstruction of the HIV-1 subtype B transmission patterns reveals increasing degree of clustering and existence of interregional networks among Polish MSM. Dated phylogeny confirms the association between onward transmission and recent infections. High transmission dynamics among Polish MSM emphasizes the necessity for active testing and early treatment in this group.

ACS Style

Miłosz Parczewski; Magdalena Leszczyszyn-Pynka; Magdalena Witak-Jędra; Bartosz Szetela; Jacek Gąsiorowski; Brygida Knysz; Monika Bociąga-Jasik; Paweł Skwara; Anna Grzeszczuk; Maria Jankowska; Grażyna Barałkiewicz; Iwona Mozer-Lisewska; Władysław Łojewski; Katarzyna Kozieł; Edyta Grąbczewska; Elżbieta Jabłonowska; Anna Urbańska. Expanding HIV-1 subtype B transmission networks among men who have sex with men in Poland. PLOS ONE 2017, 12, e0172473 .

AMA Style

Miłosz Parczewski, Magdalena Leszczyszyn-Pynka, Magdalena Witak-Jędra, Bartosz Szetela, Jacek Gąsiorowski, Brygida Knysz, Monika Bociąga-Jasik, Paweł Skwara, Anna Grzeszczuk, Maria Jankowska, Grażyna Barałkiewicz, Iwona Mozer-Lisewska, Władysław Łojewski, Katarzyna Kozieł, Edyta Grąbczewska, Elżbieta Jabłonowska, Anna Urbańska. Expanding HIV-1 subtype B transmission networks among men who have sex with men in Poland. PLOS ONE. 2017; 12 (2):e0172473.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Miłosz Parczewski; Magdalena Leszczyszyn-Pynka; Magdalena Witak-Jędra; Bartosz Szetela; Jacek Gąsiorowski; Brygida Knysz; Monika Bociąga-Jasik; Paweł Skwara; Anna Grzeszczuk; Maria Jankowska; Grażyna Barałkiewicz; Iwona Mozer-Lisewska; Władysław Łojewski; Katarzyna Kozieł; Edyta Grąbczewska; Elżbieta Jabłonowska; Anna Urbańska. 2017. "Expanding HIV-1 subtype B transmission networks among men who have sex with men in Poland." PLOS ONE 12, no. 2: e0172473.

Journal article
Published: 04 January 2017 in Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
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Introduction: It is known that in the pathogenesis of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) various molecules play a significant role. The most prominent factors include IL-10, IL-28B, CD-209 and CCR5. It is reasonable to search for genetic predispositions to the development of various clinical forms of TBE related to the genetic variation of IL-10, IL-28B, CD-209 and CCR5. In this study we aimed to search for the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region of the CD209, IL-10, IL-28 and 32 base pair deletion in CCR5 coding region (Δ 32) with the human predisposition to development of various clinical presentations of TBE. We tried to assess the relation between the presence of particular alleles and genotypes with laboratory and clinical parameters. Material/Methods 59 patients with TBE and 57 people, bitten by a tick who never developed TBE (Polish cohort), were included in the study. To assess the distribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms, TaqMan SNP genotyping assays were used for IL10: rs1800872 and rs1800896, for CD 209 rs4804803 and rs2287886, rs12979860 for IL 28B SNPs according to the manufacturer’s protocol using real-time PCR technology on the StepOne thermal cycler. Results Comparison between TBE patients and CG showed that in SNP rs2287886 CD 209 AG heterozygotes were more frequent in the TBE group, while homozygotes GG were more frequent in the CG group. Conclusions SNP rs2287886 CD 209 AG heterozygotes predispose humans to develop TBE. Single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region of the CD209, IL-10, IL-28 and CCR5 D32 genes does not correlate with the severity of TBE.

ACS Style

Piotr Czupryna; Miłosz Parczewski; Sambor Grygorczuk; Sławomir Pancewicz; Joanna Zajkowska; Justyna Dunaj; Maciej Kondrusik; Katarzyna Krawczuk; Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska. Analysis of the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism of the CD209, IL-10, IL-28 and CCR5 D32 genes with the human predisposition to developing tick-borne encephalitis. Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej 2017, 71, 788 -796.

AMA Style

Piotr Czupryna, Miłosz Parczewski, Sambor Grygorczuk, Sławomir Pancewicz, Joanna Zajkowska, Justyna Dunaj, Maciej Kondrusik, Katarzyna Krawczuk, Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska. Analysis of the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism of the CD209, IL-10, IL-28 and CCR5 D32 genes with the human predisposition to developing tick-borne encephalitis. Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej. 2017; 71 (1):788-796.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Piotr Czupryna; Miłosz Parczewski; Sambor Grygorczuk; Sławomir Pancewicz; Joanna Zajkowska; Justyna Dunaj; Maciej Kondrusik; Katarzyna Krawczuk; Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska. 2017. "Analysis of the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism of the CD209, IL-10, IL-28 and CCR5 D32 genes with the human predisposition to developing tick-borne encephalitis." Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej 71, no. 1: 788-796.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in HIV & AIDS Review
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Although the incidence of new tuberculosis (TB) cases in the general population is decreasing every year, the frequency of multi-drug-resistant TB is rising, especially throughout Eastern Europe, with the risk of further spread to other European counties. Nowadays, in the era of easy...

ACS Style

Bogusz Aksak-Wąs; Magdalena Leszczyszyn-Pynka; Miłosz Parczewski; Adam Krzyształowski. Interdisciplinary management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in an HIV-infected patient: case report. HIV & AIDS Review 2017, 3, 199 -204.

AMA Style

Bogusz Aksak-Wąs, Magdalena Leszczyszyn-Pynka, Miłosz Parczewski, Adam Krzyształowski. Interdisciplinary management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in an HIV-infected patient: case report. HIV & AIDS Review. 2017; 3 (3):199-204.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bogusz Aksak-Wąs; Magdalena Leszczyszyn-Pynka; Miłosz Parczewski; Adam Krzyształowski. 2017. "Interdisciplinary management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in an HIV-infected patient: case report." HIV & AIDS Review 3, no. 3: 199-204.

Journal article
Published: 18 October 2016 in Annals of Transplantation
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ACS Style

Justyna Rajchert; Monika Rosa; Joanna Pawłowska; Milosz Parczewski; Marta Wawrzynowicz-Syczewska. Follow-Up of Pediatric Liver Transplant Patients After Reaching Adulthood. Annals of Transplantation 2016, 21, 644 -648.

AMA Style

Justyna Rajchert, Monika Rosa, Joanna Pawłowska, Milosz Parczewski, Marta Wawrzynowicz-Syczewska. Follow-Up of Pediatric Liver Transplant Patients After Reaching Adulthood. Annals of Transplantation. 2016; 21 ():644-648.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Justyna Rajchert; Monika Rosa; Joanna Pawłowska; Milosz Parczewski; Marta Wawrzynowicz-Syczewska. 2016. "Follow-Up of Pediatric Liver Transplant Patients After Reaching Adulthood." Annals of Transplantation 21, no. : 644-648.