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Recently, Poland has become a leading producer of sturgeon meat and caviar in Europe and is one of the largest in the world. The growing importance of this branch of aquaculture means that diseases of these fish, especially viral ones, are becoming the object of interest for ichthyopathologists. In recent years, there have been increasing reports of health problems in the dynamically developing sturgeon farming. The greatest risk appears to be emerging infectious diseases that are caused by viruses and that can become a serious threat to the development of the aquaculture industry and the success of sturgeon restitution programs undertaken in many European countries, including Poland. In this paper, an attempt was made to determine the spread of the two most important groups of viruses in Polish sturgeon farming: These include the herpesviruses and sturgeon nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (sNCLDV), in particular, mimiviruses. In the years 2016–2020, 136 samples from nine farms were collected and tested by using the WSSK-1 cell line, PCR and Real Time PCR methods. All results were negative for herpesviruses. Out of the samples, 26% of the samples have been tested positive for mimiviruses. Sanger sequencing of mimiviruses demonstrated their affiliation with AciV-E. The sequence characterization confirmed the presence of both V1 and V2 lineages in Polish fish facilities, but variant V2 seems to be more widespread, as is observed in other European countries.
Magdalena Stachnik; Marek Matras; Ewa Borzym; Joanna Maj-Paluch; Michał Reichert. Emerging Viral Pathogens in Sturgeon Aquaculture in Poland: Focus on Herpesviruses and Mimivirus Detection. Viruses 2021, 13, 1496 .
AMA StyleMagdalena Stachnik, Marek Matras, Ewa Borzym, Joanna Maj-Paluch, Michał Reichert. Emerging Viral Pathogens in Sturgeon Aquaculture in Poland: Focus on Herpesviruses and Mimivirus Detection. Viruses. 2021; 13 (8):1496.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMagdalena Stachnik; Marek Matras; Ewa Borzym; Joanna Maj-Paluch; Michał Reichert. 2021. "Emerging Viral Pathogens in Sturgeon Aquaculture in Poland: Focus on Herpesviruses and Mimivirus Detection." Viruses 13, no. 8: 1496.
Introduction Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus belongs to the genus Aquabirnavirus and family Birnaviridae. By VP2 gene similarity, aquatic birnavirus is clustered into seven genogroups. The aim of this study was to genetically analyse IPN viruses occurring on Polish fish farms. Materials and Methods Samples from freshwater fish mostly from 2012 to 2013 and from northern Poland were examined for the presence of IPN virus using isolation on cell cultures, real‐time RT‐PCR and RT‐PCR. Fragments of 1,377 and 1,079 bp of the VP2 and VP5 genes, respectively, were sequenced, and the results were assembled into one consensus and analysed by Geneious software. The same VP2 gene region was compared and a phylogenetic tree generated by the neighbour‐joining method and MEGA6 software. Results All tested Polish isolates belonged to genogroup 5, like other European Spajurup isolates. Conclusion Our findings prove that there is only one IPN virus genogroup in Poland. Polish isolates show close relationships with each other. There is a close relationship between Polish isolates and isolates from Turkey, Spain and Iran. Isolate 57 is a separate branch related to isolates from the United States and Taiwan. This points to the likelihood of past virus introduction via import of stock from those countries.
Joanna Maj‐Paluch; Marek Matras; Ewa Borzym; Magdalena Stachnik; Michal Reichert. Phylogenetic characterization of Polish isolates of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in salmonid fish. Journal of Fish Diseases 2020, 43, 1443 -1451.
AMA StyleJoanna Maj‐Paluch, Marek Matras, Ewa Borzym, Magdalena Stachnik, Michal Reichert. Phylogenetic characterization of Polish isolates of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in salmonid fish. Journal of Fish Diseases. 2020; 43 (11):1443-1451.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoanna Maj‐Paluch; Marek Matras; Ewa Borzym; Magdalena Stachnik; Michal Reichert. 2020. "Phylogenetic characterization of Polish isolates of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in salmonid fish." Journal of Fish Diseases 43, no. 11: 1443-1451.
The mechanism of latency and the ability of the cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) to establish life-long infections in carp remains poorly understood. To explain the role of miRNAs in this process we applied a range of molecular tools including high-throughput sequencing of RNA libraries constructed from the blood samples of infected fish followed by bioinformatic and functional analyses which show that CyHV-3 profoundly influences the expression of host miRNAs in vivo. We demonstrated the changed expression of 27 miRNAs in the clinical phase and 5 in the latent phase of infection. We also identified 23 novel, not previously reported sequences, from which 8 showed altered expressions in control phase, 10 in clinical phase and 5 in latent phase of infection. The results of our analysis expand the knowledge of common carp microRNAs engaged during CyHV-3 infection and provide a useful basis for the further study of the mechanism of CyHV-3 induced pathology.
Michal Reichert; Anna Lukasik; Piotr Zielenkiewicz; Marek Matras; Joanna Maj-Paluch; Magdalena Stachnik; Ewa Borzym. Host microRNA analysis in cyprinid Herpesvirus-3 (CyHV-3) infected common carp. BMC Genomics 2019, 20, 46 .
AMA StyleMichal Reichert, Anna Lukasik, Piotr Zielenkiewicz, Marek Matras, Joanna Maj-Paluch, Magdalena Stachnik, Ewa Borzym. Host microRNA analysis in cyprinid Herpesvirus-3 (CyHV-3) infected common carp. BMC Genomics. 2019; 20 (1):46.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichal Reichert; Anna Lukasik; Piotr Zielenkiewicz; Marek Matras; Joanna Maj-Paluch; Magdalena Stachnik; Ewa Borzym. 2019. "Host microRNA analysis in cyprinid Herpesvirus-3 (CyHV-3) infected common carp." BMC Genomics 20, no. 1: 46.