A novel model order reduction (MOR) technique is presented to achieve fast and real-time predictions as well as high-dimensional parametric solutions for the electromagnetic force which will help the design, analysis of performance and implementation of electric machines concerning industrial applications such as the noise, vibration, and harshness in electric motors. The approach allows to avoid the long-time simulations needed to analyze the electric machine at different operation points. In addition, it facilitates the computation and coupling of the motor model in other physical subsystems. Specifically, we propose a novel formulation of the sparse proper generalized decomposition procedure, combining it with a reduced basis approach, which is used to fit correctly the reduced order model with the numerical simulations as well as to obtain a further data compression. This technique can be applied to construct a regression model from high-dimensional data. These data can come, for example, from finite element simulations. As will be shown, an excellent agreement between the results of the proposed approach and the finite element method models are observed.

A novel Model Order Reduction (MOR) technique is developed to compute high-dimensional parametric solutions for electromagnetic fields in synchronous machines. Specifically, the intrusive version of the Proper Generalized Decomposition (PGD) is employed to simulate a Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). The result is a virtual chart allowing real-time evaluation of the magnetic vector potential as a function of the operation point of the motor, or even as a function of constructive parameters, such as the remanent flux in permanent magnets. Currently, these solutions are highly demanded by the industry, especially with the recent developments in the Electric Vehicle (EV). In this framework, standard discretization techniques require highly time-consuming simulations when analyzing, for instance, the noise and vibration in electric motors. The proposed approach is able to construct a virtual chart within a few minutes of off-line simulation, thanks to the use of a fully separated representation in which the solution is written from a series of functions of the space and parameters coordinates, with full space separation made possible by the use of an adapted geometrical mapping. Finally, excellent performances are reported when comparing the reduced-order model with the more standard and computationally costly Finite Element solutions.

AC lines of industrial busbar systems are usually built using conductors with rectangular cross sections, where each phase can have several parallel conductors to carry high currents. The current density in a rectangular conductor, under sinusoidal conditions, is not uniform. It depends on the frequency, on the conductor shape, and on the distance between conductors, due to the skin effect and to proximity effects. Contrary to circular conductors, there are not closed analytical formulas for obtaining the frequency-dependent impedance of conductors with rectangular cross-section. It is necessary to resort to numerical simulations to obtain the resistance and the inductance of the phases, one for each desired frequency and also for each distance between the phases’ conductors. On the contrary, the use of the parametric proper generalized decomposition (PGD) allows to obtain the frequency-dependent impedance of an AC line for a wide range of frequencies and distances between the phases’ conductors by solving a single simulation in a 4D domain (spatial coordinates x and y, the frequency and the separation between conductors). In this way, a general “virtual chart” solution is obtained, which contains the solution for any frequency and for any separation of the conductors, and stores it in a compact separated representations form, which can be easily embedded on a more general software for the design of electrical installations. The approach presented in this work for rectangular conductors can be easily extended to conductors with an arbitrary shape.

Efficient and optimal design of radar-based Advanced Driver Assistant Systems (ADAS) needs the evaluation of many different electromagnetic solutions for evaluating the impact of the radome on the electromagnetic wave propagation. Because of the very high frequency at which these devices operate, with the associated extremely small wavelength, very fine meshes are needed to accurately discretize the electromagnetic equations. Thus, the computational cost of each numerical solution for a given choice of the design or operation parameters, is high (CPU time consuming and needing significant computational resources) compromising the efficiency of standard optimization algorithms. In order to alleviate the just referred difficulties the present paper proposes an approach based on the use of reduced order modeling, in particular the construction of a parametric solution by employing a non-intrusive formulation of the Proper Generalized Decomposition, combined with a powerful phase-angle unwrapping strategy for accurately addressing the electric and magnetic fields interpolation, contributing to improve the design, the calibration and the operational use of those systems.

Conductors with rectangular cross-section are key components of industrial busbar systems, where each phase can have several parallel conductors to carry high currents. The current density in each conductor, under sinusoidal conditions, is not uniform, due to skin and proximity effects. As there are no closed analytical formulae for conductors with rectangular cross-section, many numerical simulations are needed to obtain the resistance and the inductance of the phase, one for each frequency and for each distance between conductors. On the contrary, the use of the Proper Generalized Decomposition allows obtaining these parameters by solving a single simulation in a 4D domain (spatial coordinates x and y, the frequency and the separation between conductors. In this way, a general solution is obtained as a “virtual chart”, which contains the solution for any frequency and for any separation of the conductors. This approach can be easily extended to conductors of arbitrary shape.