Leishmaniasis is endemic in Morocco where both cutaneous and visceral forms coexist. To date, anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) determinants remain poorly investigated in Morocco. However, the disease risk factors identification is vital to determine the specific preventive process. In this aim, a case-control study was conducted in the main active ACL foci in central Morocco. Epidemiological data were extracted from bulletins, registers and annual reports of the regional direction of Health offices. The socioeconomic and environmental data were collected from epidemiological surveys, completed by a questionnaire intended for accessible positive population and control people selected from the cases’ entourage. The study included 258 cases and 395 controls. Our results showed that many socioeconomic factors were associated with ACL in Morocco such as the rural habitation (OR = 4.163; 95% CI: 2.91–5.96), movement to endemic area (OR = 4.53; 95% CI: 3.03–6.77), provenance from leishmaniasis foci (in Essaouira focus OR = 5.34; 95% CI: 1.19–24.03) and poverty. In addition, environmental factors like proximity of vegetation (OR = 2.45; 95% CI: 1.14–5.25), poor domestic hygiene, particularly the absence of sewage system/waste management (OR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.35–1.96), and presence of animals (OR = 2.67; 95% CI: 1.14–5.25) increase the risk of ACL in Morocco. Except for Matrimonial status (married people, OR = 4.11; 95% CI: 1.80–9.41), there is however no significant association of the disease with the other socio-demographic factors in the study area (p>0.05). These several risk factors must be taken in consideration to prevent this disease through multidisciplinary collaboration and community participation.

The broad impact of the 2023-2024 Gaza war resulted in extensive sickness and destruction, impacting all areas of life and resulting in a range of infectious and non-communicable diseases. The goal of this research is to assess the epidemiological situation of hepatitis A and gauge the level of knowledge and awareness among displaced individuals in the southern Gaza Valley. To accomplish this, 384 electronic surveys were sent randomly to internally displaced individuals. The questionnaire delved into: personal information, the disease's epidemiological status, an evaluation of knowledge, and the identification of risk factors. The results were revealing: over 32.80% of displaced individuals reported contracting hepatitis A during displacement, a stark contrast to the 12.80% who reported infection before displacement. Moreover, although around 63.30% of respondents had heard of hepatitis A, most were unaware of how the disease spreads and how to prevent it. The study recognized significant risk factors, including drinking contaminated water, mingling with infected individuals, the accumulation of garbage, the spread of insects, poor personal hygiene, and severe overcrowding. Furthermore, the findings of this research indicated a statistically significant relationship between contracting this infection and the type of housing in displacement, as well as the educational level of the participants, with P values below 0.05. Also, there was no statistically significant link between contracting the disease and where individuals lived while displaced. The study concluded that hepatitis A is widespread among the displaced population and highlighted a significant lack of information and awareness about its transmission and prevention.