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Virginia H. Dale
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee 569 Dabney Hall Knoxville Tennessee38996‐1610USA

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Resolutions of respect
Published: 05 May 2021 in The Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America
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Virginia H. Dale; Mac Post; Richard J. Norby. Resolution of Respect: Jerry S. Olson (1928–2021). The Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 2021, 102, e01879 .

AMA Style

Virginia H. Dale, Mac Post, Richard J. Norby. Resolution of Respect: Jerry S. Olson (1928–2021). The Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America. 2021; 102 (3):e01879.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Virginia H. Dale; Mac Post; Richard J. Norby. 2021. "Resolution of Respect: Jerry S. Olson (1928–2021)." The Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 102, no. 3: e01879.

Journal article
Published: 17 February 2021 in Sustainability
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Community and stakeholder engagement is increasingly recognized as essential to science at the nexus of food, energy, and water systems (FEWS) to address complex issues surrounding food and energy production and water provision for society. Yet no comprehensive framework exists for supporting best practices in community and stakeholder engagement for FEWS. A review and meta-synthesis were undertaken of a broad range of existing models, frameworks, and toolkits for community and stakeholder engagement. A framework is proposed that comprises situational awareness of the FEWS place or problem, creation of a suitable culture for engagement, focus on power-sharing in the engagement process, co-ownership, co-generation of knowledge and outcomes, the technical process of integration, the monitoring processes of reflective and reflexive experiences, and formative evaluation. The framework is discussed as a scaffolding for supporting the development and application of best practices in community and stakeholder engagement in ways that are arguably essential for sound FEWS science and sustainable management.

ACS Style

Andrew Kliskey; Paula Williams; David Griffith; Virginia Dale; Chelsea Schelly; Anna-Maria Marshall; Valoree Gagnon; Weston Eaton; Kristin Floress. Thinking Big and Thinking Small: A Conceptual Framework for Best Practices in Community and Stakeholder Engagement in Food, Energy, and Water Systems. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2160 .

AMA Style

Andrew Kliskey, Paula Williams, David Griffith, Virginia Dale, Chelsea Schelly, Anna-Maria Marshall, Valoree Gagnon, Weston Eaton, Kristin Floress. Thinking Big and Thinking Small: A Conceptual Framework for Best Practices in Community and Stakeholder Engagement in Food, Energy, and Water Systems. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):2160.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrew Kliskey; Paula Williams; David Griffith; Virginia Dale; Chelsea Schelly; Anna-Maria Marshall; Valoree Gagnon; Weston Eaton; Kristin Floress. 2021. "Thinking Big and Thinking Small: A Conceptual Framework for Best Practices in Community and Stakeholder Engagement in Food, Energy, and Water Systems." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 2160.

Review
Published: 15 January 2021 in Sustainability
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Wood-based pellets are produced in the southeastern United States (SE US) and shipped to Europe for the generation of heat and power. Effects of pellet production on selected Sustainability Development Goals (SDGs) are evaluated using industry information, available energy consumption data, and published research findings. Challenges associated with identifying relevant SDG goals and targets for this particular bioenergy supply chain and potential deleterious impacts are also discussed. We find that production of woody pellets in the SE US and shipments to displace coal for energy in Europe generate positive effects on affordable and clean energy (SDG 7), decent work and economic growth (SDG 8), industry innovation and infrastructure (SDG 9), responsible consumption and production (SDG 12), and life on land (SDG 15). Primary strengths of the pellet supply chain in the SE US are the provisioning of employment in depressed rural areas and the displacement of fossil fuels. Weaknesses are associated with potential impacts on air, water, and biodiversity that arise if the resource base and harvest activities are improperly managed. The SE US pellet supply chain provides an opportunity for transition to low-carbon industries and innovations while incentivizing better resource management.

ACS Style

Keith Kline; Virginia Dale; Erin Rose; Bruce Tonn. Effects of Production of Woody Pellets in the Southeastern United States on the Sustainable Development Goals. Sustainability 2021, 13, 821 .

AMA Style

Keith Kline, Virginia Dale, Erin Rose, Bruce Tonn. Effects of Production of Woody Pellets in the Southeastern United States on the Sustainable Development Goals. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (2):821.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Keith Kline; Virginia Dale; Erin Rose; Bruce Tonn. 2021. "Effects of Production of Woody Pellets in the Southeastern United States on the Sustainable Development Goals." Sustainability 13, no. 2: 821.

Journal article
Published: 15 October 2020 in Futures
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A systematic process for assessing progress toward landscape sustainability goals is developed and tested. Application of the approach builds capacity and promotes continual improvements in management practices, thus enabling timely action to address changing conditions while progressing toward locally defined goals. We consider how the approach applies to agricultural landscapes, that is farm ecosystem interactions with the environment and human well-being. We present lessons learned from applying the assessment approach in two contrasting situations: large, high-input, commercial agriculture in northwestern Mexico and small, low-input family farms in the Western Highlands of Guatemala. Applying the approach reveals five attributes required for success and the means to achieve those conditions. (1) Having a capable local champion for the project is critical. (2) Implementation of the approach must be in concert with local people and organizations as well as with regional and national policies and programs. (3) Identification and engagement of key stakeholders is essential. (4) Application of the approach is not meant to be a one-time effort but rather an ongoing and systematic process. (5) Engagement and buy-in from stakeholders including multiple agency levels is essential for allocation of necessary resources and logistic support in the continuing implementation of the approach.

ACS Style

Virginia H. Dale; Keith L. Kline; Santiago Lopez-Ridaura; Sarah E. Eichler; Ivan Ortiz-Monasterio; Luis F. Ramirez. Towards more sustainable agricultural landscapes: Lessons from Northwestern Mexico and the Western Highlands of Guatemala. Futures 2020, 124, 102647 -102647.

AMA Style

Virginia H. Dale, Keith L. Kline, Santiago Lopez-Ridaura, Sarah E. Eichler, Ivan Ortiz-Monasterio, Luis F. Ramirez. Towards more sustainable agricultural landscapes: Lessons from Northwestern Mexico and the Western Highlands of Guatemala. Futures. 2020; 124 ():102647-102647.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Virginia H. Dale; Keith L. Kline; Santiago Lopez-Ridaura; Sarah E. Eichler; Ivan Ortiz-Monasterio; Luis F. Ramirez. 2020. "Towards more sustainable agricultural landscapes: Lessons from Northwestern Mexico and the Western Highlands of Guatemala." Futures 124, no. : 102647-102647.

Overview
Published: 09 July 2020 in WIREs Energy and Environment
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Land‐management choices made for economic and societal gains intrinsically influence landscapes and species that are dependent upon them. We propose a simple analysis framework to examine critical intersections between land‐management choices and the life‐history conditions of selected species of concern, thereby facilitating the identification of mitigation practices that can reduce negative impacts on species at risk. We test the proposed framework through application to gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus ), a keystone species that is the focus of conservation efforts across the southeastern region of United States of America, where wood pellets are being produced for bioenergy. Production of these wood pellets for export to Europe and Asia has drastically increased in the past decade, raising concerns about potential harm to biodiversity since many species in the forests sourcing pellet production were already at risk prior to the development of this new commodity. Identifying the mechanisms of potential impacts of wood pellet production on species of concern is essential to establishing meaningful management recommendations that can enhance conservation efforts while supporting sustainable bioenergy. By considering the intersections between life‐history conditions of gopher tortoise and forest‐management practices related to woody biomass extraction for pellet production, we identify several mechanisms by which the wood‐pellet industry might affect this species of concern, both positively and negatively. We then identify mitigation practices that can help offset the potential impacts of logging, thinning, and dead wood removal on gopher tortoise. Our analysis framework may be transferable to other species of concern and land‐management practices across diverse landscapes. This article is categorized under: Bioenergy > Economics and Policy Bioenergy > Climate and Environment

ACS Style

Esther S. Parish; Latha M. Baskaran; Virginia H. Dale. Framework for assessing land‐management effects on at‐risk species: Example of SE USA wood pellet production and gopher tortoise ( Gopherus polyphemus ). WIREs Energy and Environment 2020, 10, 1 .

AMA Style

Esther S. Parish, Latha M. Baskaran, Virginia H. Dale. Framework for assessing land‐management effects on at‐risk species: Example of SE USA wood pellet production and gopher tortoise ( Gopherus polyphemus ). WIREs Energy and Environment. 2020; 10 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Esther S. Parish; Latha M. Baskaran; Virginia H. Dale. 2020. "Framework for assessing land‐management effects on at‐risk species: Example of SE USA wood pellet production and gopher tortoise ( Gopherus polyphemus )." WIREs Energy and Environment 10, no. 1: 1.

Journal article
Published: 07 June 2020 in San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science
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Ecosystems in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta are changing rapidly, as are ecosystems around the world. Extreme events are becoming more frequent and thresholds are likely to be crossed more often, creating greater uncertainty about future conditions. The accelerating speed of change means that ecological systems may not remain stable long enough for scientists to understand them, much less use their research findings to inform policy and management. Faced with these challenges, those involved in science, policy, and management must adapt and change and anticipate what the ecosystems may be like in the future. We highlight several ways of looking ahead—scenario analyses, horizon scanning, expert elicitation, and dynamic planning—and suggest that recent advances in distributional ecology, disturbance ecology, resilience thinking, and our increased understanding of coupled human–natural systems may provide fresh ways of thinking about more rapid change in the future. To accelerate forward-looking science, policy, and management in the Delta, we propose that the State of California create a Delta Science Visioning Process to fully and openly assess the challenges of more rapid change to science, policy, and management and propose appropriate solutions, through legislation, if needed.

ACS Style

Richard B. Norgaard; John A. Wiens; Stephen B. Brandt; Elizabeth A Canuel; Tracy K. Collier; Virginia H. Dale; Harindra J. S. Fernando; Thomas L. Holzer; Samuel N. Luoma; Vincent H. Resh; Colorado State University; Oregon State University; Virginia Institute of Marine Science; Western Washington University; University of Tennessee; University of Notre Dame; Delta Stewardship Council. Preparing Scientists, Policymakers, and Managers for a Fast-Forward Future. San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science 2020, 19, 1 .

AMA Style

Richard B. Norgaard, John A. Wiens, Stephen B. Brandt, Elizabeth A Canuel, Tracy K. Collier, Virginia H. Dale, Harindra J. S. Fernando, Thomas L. Holzer, Samuel N. Luoma, Vincent H. Resh, Colorado State University, Oregon State University, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Western Washington University, University of Tennessee, University of Notre Dame, Delta Stewardship Council. Preparing Scientists, Policymakers, and Managers for a Fast-Forward Future. San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science. 2020; 19 (2):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Richard B. Norgaard; John A. Wiens; Stephen B. Brandt; Elizabeth A Canuel; Tracy K. Collier; Virginia H. Dale; Harindra J. S. Fernando; Thomas L. Holzer; Samuel N. Luoma; Vincent H. Resh; Colorado State University; Oregon State University; Virginia Institute of Marine Science; Western Washington University; University of Tennessee; University of Notre Dame; Delta Stewardship Council. 2020. "Preparing Scientists, Policymakers, and Managers for a Fast-Forward Future." San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science 19, no. 2: 1.

Advanced review
Published: 11 May 2020 in Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment
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As the global population increases and becomes more affluent, biomass demands for food and biomaterials will increase. Demand growth is further accelerated by the implementation of climate policies and strategies to replace fossil resources with biomass. There are, however, concerns about the size of the prospective biomass demand and the environmental and social consequences of the corresponding resource mobilization, especially concerning impacts from the associated land‐use change. Strategically integrating perennials into landscapes dominated by intensive agriculture can, for example, improve biodiversity, reduce soil erosion and nutrient emissions to water, increase soil carbon, enhance pollination, and avoid or mitigate flooding events. Such “multifunctional perennial production systems” can thus contribute to improving overall land‐use sustainability, while maintaining or increasing overall biomass productivity in the landscape. Seven different cases in different world regions are here reviewed to exemplify and evaluate (a) multifunctional production systems that have been established to meet emerging bioenergy demands, and (b) efforts to identify locations where the establishment of perennial crops will be particularly beneficial. An important barrier towards wider implementation of multifunctional systems is the lack of markets, or policies, compensating producers for enhanced ecosystem services and other environmental benefits. This deficiency is particularly important since prices for fossil‐based fuels are low relative to bioenergy production costs. Without such compensation, multifunctional perennial production systems will be unlikely to contribute to the development of a sustainable bioeconomy. This article is categorized under: Bioenergy > Systems and Infrastructure Bioenergy > Climate and Environment Energy Policy and Planning > Climate and Environment

ACS Style

Oskar Englund; Ioannis Dimitriou; Virginia H. Dale; Keith L. Kline; Blas Mola‐Yudego; Fionnuala Murphy; Burton English; John McGrath; Gerald Busch; Maria Cristina Negri; Mark Brown; Kevin Goss; Sam Jackson; Esther S. Parish; Jules Cacho; Colleen Zumpf; John Quinn; Shruti K. Mishra. Multifunctional perennial production systems for bioenergy: performance and progress. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment 2020, 9, 1 .

AMA Style

Oskar Englund, Ioannis Dimitriou, Virginia H. Dale, Keith L. Kline, Blas Mola‐Yudego, Fionnuala Murphy, Burton English, John McGrath, Gerald Busch, Maria Cristina Negri, Mark Brown, Kevin Goss, Sam Jackson, Esther S. Parish, Jules Cacho, Colleen Zumpf, John Quinn, Shruti K. Mishra. Multifunctional perennial production systems for bioenergy: performance and progress. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment. 2020; 9 (5):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oskar Englund; Ioannis Dimitriou; Virginia H. Dale; Keith L. Kline; Blas Mola‐Yudego; Fionnuala Murphy; Burton English; John McGrath; Gerald Busch; Maria Cristina Negri; Mark Brown; Kevin Goss; Sam Jackson; Esther S. Parish; Jules Cacho; Colleen Zumpf; John Quinn; Shruti K. Mishra. 2020. "Multifunctional perennial production systems for bioenergy: performance and progress." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment 9, no. 5: 1.

Journal article
Published: 12 March 2020 in Environmental and Sustainability Indicators
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An approach for rapid appraisal of agricultural landscapes was developed and applied to the Yaqui Valley, Mexico, in order to assess progress toward sustainability. Indicators were prioritized with input from stakeholders, and then data were collected to gauge progress toward targets for those metrics. This study identifies and addresses some of the practical challenges and limitations that arise when assessments must rely on readily accessible information. The sources and quality of information to determine baseline and target values and to support future monitoring are reviewed for indicators of soil quality, productivity, biodiversity, vulnerability, poverty, transparency, and economic implications of crop diversity. Appraisal results suggest land management practices that conserve and increase the efficiency of water and nutrient use contribute to achieving goals endorsed by stakeholders. And in this arid, irrigated region, risks for soil compaction and salinization must be monitored and minimized. The approach illustrates how common gaps in reliable and scale-appropriate data can be addressed by focusing on stakeholder priorities and best available information. The approach can be applied in other regions and landscapes to identify and test strategies designed to move toward increasing agricultural sustainability.

ACS Style

Sarah E. Eichler; Keith L. Kline; Ivan Ortiz-Monasterio; Santiago Lopez-Ridaura; Virginia H. Dale. Rapid appraisal using landscape sustainability indicators for Yaqui Valley, Mexico. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators 2020, 6, 100029 .

AMA Style

Sarah E. Eichler, Keith L. Kline, Ivan Ortiz-Monasterio, Santiago Lopez-Ridaura, Virginia H. Dale. Rapid appraisal using landscape sustainability indicators for Yaqui Valley, Mexico. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators. 2020; 6 ():100029.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sarah E. Eichler; Keith L. Kline; Ivan Ortiz-Monasterio; Santiago Lopez-Ridaura; Virginia H. Dale. 2020. "Rapid appraisal using landscape sustainability indicators for Yaqui Valley, Mexico." Environmental and Sustainability Indicators 6, no. : 100029.

Comment
Published: 03 February 2020 in Nature Sustainability
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Changes in social and environmental conditions in the Western Highlands of Guatemala undermine food security and job opportunities. We describe how targeted assistance can build upon traditional agricultural systems to increase adaptive capacity, improve nutrition, provide jobs and thereby reduce pressures to migrate.

ACS Style

Keith L. Kline; Luis F. Ramirez; Carlos Sum; Santiago Lopez-Ridaura; Virginia H. Dale. Enhance indigenous agricultural systems to reduce migration. Nature Sustainability 2020, 3, 74 -76.

AMA Style

Keith L. Kline, Luis F. Ramirez, Carlos Sum, Santiago Lopez-Ridaura, Virginia H. Dale. Enhance indigenous agricultural systems to reduce migration. Nature Sustainability. 2020; 3 (2):74-76.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Keith L. Kline; Luis F. Ramirez; Carlos Sum; Santiago Lopez-Ridaura; Virginia H. Dale. 2020. "Enhance indigenous agricultural systems to reduce migration." Nature Sustainability 3, no. 2: 74-76.

Perspective
Published: 24 June 2019 in Landscape Ecology
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There is widespread consensus about the need for landscape sustainability but little agreement about how to define or measure it. The aim of the paper is to present a systematic approach for measuring progress toward landscape sustainability goals. The approach was developed based on existing literature and our experiences in applying the approach to support more sustainable agricultural landscapes. Examples applying this approach are summarized for case studies in the United States (U.S.) and Mexico. The approach has six steps: the scope and objectives of the assessment are determined based on the particular context; indicators that alert pending concerns are selected and prioritized based on utility and relevance; baselines and targets are established for each indicator, and scenarios for consideration are determined; the indicator values are obtained and evaluated; trends in and tradeoffs among indicator values are analyzed; and good practices are developed, applied, and assessed. Insights gained from applying this approach suggest that designing sustainable landscapes depends on stakeholder engagement, effective communication, transparency and trust, timely monitoring, and continual improvement. Iterative application of the assessment approach builds capacity and promotes continual improvements in management practices, thus enabling timely responses to changing conditions while still progressing toward a set of locally defined goals.

ACS Style

Virginia H. Dale; Keith L. Kline; Esther S. Parish; Sarah E. Eichler. Engaging stakeholders to assess landscape sustainability. Landscape Ecology 2019, 34, 1199 -1218.

AMA Style

Virginia H. Dale, Keith L. Kline, Esther S. Parish, Sarah E. Eichler. Engaging stakeholders to assess landscape sustainability. Landscape Ecology. 2019; 34 (6):1199-1218.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Virginia H. Dale; Keith L. Kline; Esther S. Parish; Sarah E. Eichler. 2019. "Engaging stakeholders to assess landscape sustainability." Landscape Ecology 34, no. 6: 1199-1218.

Exploring ecological careers
Published: 03 December 2018 in Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
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Virginia H Dale. Ecological careers at Federally Funded Research and Development Centers. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 2018, 16, 605 -606.

AMA Style

Virginia H Dale. Ecological careers at Federally Funded Research and Development Centers. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 2018; 16 (10):605-606.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Virginia H Dale. 2018. "Ecological careers at Federally Funded Research and Development Centers." Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 16, no. 10: 605-606.

Innovative viewpoint
Published: 10 September 2018 in Ecosphere
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Coastal hypoxia is increasing worldwide in response to human‐caused changes in global climate and biogeochemical cycles. In this paper, we view anthropogenic trends in coastal hypoxia through the lens of disturbance ecology and complexity theory. Complexity theory provides a framework for describing how estuaries and other coastal aquatic ecosystems respond to hypoxia by understanding feedback loops. Can it also be valuable in understanding how these ecosystems behave under shifting (i.e., unnatural) disturbance regimes? When viewed as a disturbance regime, shifts in the spatial (areal extent and fragmentation) and temporal (frequency and duration of events) characteristics of coastal hypoxia can be used to track changes into a non‐stationary future. Here, we consider options for increasing the resilience of coastal aquatic ecosystems to future, unnatural hypoxic regimes. To start, we define desirable states as ecosystems with long trophic chains and slow nutrient and carbon dynamics that produce many ecosystem services. We then work backward to describe circumstances dominated by positive feedbacks that can lead ecosystems toward an undesirable state (i.e., depauperate communities and chemically reduced sediments). Processes of degradation and recovery can be understood in the context of island biogeography whereby species diversity in habitats fragmented by hypoxia is determined by the balance between rapid local extinction, slow recolonization from the edges of hypoxic patches, and opportunities for ecological succession during between disturbance events. We review potential future changes associated with changing global climate and highlight ways to enhance coastal resilience. In addition to efforts to slow climate change, potential interventions include reduced nutrient and carbon loadings from rivers, restoration of aquatic vegetation, and managing for key species, including those that promote sediment oxygenation, that enhance water clarity, or that promote grazing on epiphytic algae through top‐down control.

ACS Style

Henriette I. Jager; Rebecca C. Novello; Virginia H. Dale; Anna Villnas; Kenneth A. Rose. Unnatural hypoxic regimes. Ecosphere 2018, 9, 1 .

AMA Style

Henriette I. Jager, Rebecca C. Novello, Virginia H. Dale, Anna Villnas, Kenneth A. Rose. Unnatural hypoxic regimes. Ecosphere. 2018; 9 (9):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Henriette I. Jager; Rebecca C. Novello; Virginia H. Dale; Anna Villnas; Kenneth A. Rose. 2018. "Unnatural hypoxic regimes." Ecosphere 9, no. 9: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2018 in Biomass and Bioenergy
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Virginia H. Dale; Keith L. Kline; Tom L. Richard; Douglas L. Karlen; William W. Belden. Bridging biofuel sustainability indicators and ecosystem services through stakeholder engagement. Biomass and Bioenergy 2018, 114, 143 -156.

AMA Style

Virginia H. Dale, Keith L. Kline, Tom L. Richard, Douglas L. Karlen, William W. Belden. Bridging biofuel sustainability indicators and ecosystem services through stakeholder engagement. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2018; 114 ():143-156.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Virginia H. Dale; Keith L. Kline; Tom L. Richard; Douglas L. Karlen; William W. Belden. 2018. "Bridging biofuel sustainability indicators and ecosystem services through stakeholder engagement." Biomass and Bioenergy 114, no. : 143-156.

Chapter
Published: 30 January 2018 in Ecological Responses at Mount St. Helens: Revisited 35 years after the 1980 Eruption
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The debris-avalanche deposit is one of the most severely disturbed areas created by the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, with little survival of a few plant fragments, and primary succession mostly being initiated by the seeds dispersed onto the newly emplaced material. Vegetation changes on the debris-avalanche deposit during the first 30 years post eruption are analyzed, considering the role of non-native species and potential future vegetation patterns on the deposit. We found that the aerial distribution of largely non-native seeds on a subset of plots at Mount St. Helens in 1980 has had a pronounced and enduring effect on subsequent vegetation communities.

ACS Style

Virginia H. Dale; Elsie M. Denton. Plant Succession on the Mount St. Helens Debris-Avalanche Deposit and the Role of Non-native Species. Ecological Responses at Mount St. Helens: Revisited 35 years after the 1980 Eruption 2018, 149 -164.

AMA Style

Virginia H. Dale, Elsie M. Denton. Plant Succession on the Mount St. Helens Debris-Avalanche Deposit and the Role of Non-native Species. Ecological Responses at Mount St. Helens: Revisited 35 years after the 1980 Eruption. 2018; ():149-164.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Virginia H. Dale; Elsie M. Denton. 2018. "Plant Succession on the Mount St. Helens Debris-Avalanche Deposit and the Role of Non-native Species." Ecological Responses at Mount St. Helens: Revisited 35 years after the 1980 Eruption , no. : 149-164.

Chapter
Published: 30 January 2018 in Ecological Responses at Mount St. Helens: Revisited 35 years after the 1980 Eruption
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This book synthesizes understanding of ecological change in the complex and changing environment around the Mount St. Helens volcano, which is unique in the study of volcanic eruptions and subsequent ecological recovery. The variety and large spatial extent of the primary disturbance and subsequent ecological and geophysical processes that continue to unfold create rich opportunities for addressing numerous ecological questions at the volcano. Details of the 1980 eruption along with key concepts and lessons learned over the first decades of study at Mount St. Helens are presented, and key findings are discussed.

ACS Style

Virginia H. Dale; Charles M. Crisafulli. Ecological Responses to the 1980 Eruption of Mount St. Helens: Key Lessons and Remaining Questions. Ecological Responses at Mount St. Helens: Revisited 35 years after the 1980 Eruption 2018, 1 -18.

AMA Style

Virginia H. Dale, Charles M. Crisafulli. Ecological Responses to the 1980 Eruption of Mount St. Helens: Key Lessons and Remaining Questions. Ecological Responses at Mount St. Helens: Revisited 35 years after the 1980 Eruption. 2018; ():1-18.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Virginia H. Dale; Charles M. Crisafulli. 2018. "Ecological Responses to the 1980 Eruption of Mount St. Helens: Key Lessons and Remaining Questions." Ecological Responses at Mount St. Helens: Revisited 35 years after the 1980 Eruption , no. : 1-18.

Proceedings article
Published: 01 January 2018 in 2018 Detroit, Michigan July 29 - August 1, 2018
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Veronika Vazhnik; Esther S Parish; Virginia H Dale; Keith L Dale; Tom L Richard. Emergent Properties of Sustainability: Using Agroecosystem Indicators within Spatial and Temporal Frameworks. 2018 Detroit, Michigan July 29 - August 1, 2018 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Veronika Vazhnik, Esther S Parish, Virginia H Dale, Keith L Dale, Tom L Richard. Emergent Properties of Sustainability: Using Agroecosystem Indicators within Spatial and Temporal Frameworks. 2018 Detroit, Michigan July 29 - August 1, 2018. 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Veronika Vazhnik; Esther S Parish; Virginia H Dale; Keith L Dale; Tom L Richard. 2018. "Emergent Properties of Sustainability: Using Agroecosystem Indicators within Spatial and Temporal Frameworks." 2018 Detroit, Michigan July 29 - August 1, 2018 , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Ecology and Society
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Parish, E. S., A. J. Herzberger, C. C. Phifer, and V. H. Dale 2018. Transatlantic wood pellet trade demonstrates telecoupled benefits. Ecology and Society 23(1):28. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-09878-230128

ACS Style

Esther S. Parish; Anna J. Herzberger; Colin C. Phifer; Virginia H. Dale. Transatlantic wood pellet trade demonstrates telecoupled benefits. Ecology and Society 2018, 23, 1 .

AMA Style

Esther S. Parish, Anna J. Herzberger, Colin C. Phifer, Virginia H. Dale. Transatlantic wood pellet trade demonstrates telecoupled benefits. Ecology and Society. 2018; 23 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Esther S. Parish; Anna J. Herzberger; Colin C. Phifer; Virginia H. Dale. 2018. "Transatlantic wood pellet trade demonstrates telecoupled benefits." Ecology and Society 23, no. 1: 1.

Opinion
Published: 20 April 2017 in GCB Bioenergy
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The ongoing debate about costs and benefits of wood‐pellet based bioenergy production in the southeastern United States (SE USA) requires an understanding of the science and context influencing market decisions associated with its sustainability. Production of pellets has garnered much attention as US exports have grown from negligible amounts in the early 2000s to 4.6 million metric tonnes in 2015. Currently, 98% of these pellet exports are shipped to Europe to displace coal in power plants. We ask, ‘How is the production of wood pellets in the SE USA affecting forest systems and the ecosystem services they provide?’ To address this question, we review current forest conditions and the status of the wood products industry, how pellet production affects ecosystem services and biodiversity, and what methods are in place to monitor changes and protect vulnerable systems. Scientific studies provide evidence that wood pellets in the SE USA are a fraction of total forestry operations and can be produced while maintaining or improving forest ecosystem services. Ecosystem services are protected by the requirement to utilize loggers trained to apply scientifically based best management practices in planning and implementing harvest for the export market. Bioenergy markets supplement incomes to private rural landholders and provide an incentive for forest management practices that simultaneously benefit water quality and wildlife and reduce risk of fire and insect outbreaks. Bioenergy also increases the value of forest land to landowners, thereby decreasing likelihood of conversion to nonforest uses. Monitoring and evaluation are essential to verify that regulations and good practices are achieving goals and to enable timely responses if problems arise. Conducting rigorous research to understand how conditions change in response to management choices requires baseline data, monitoring, and appropriate reference scenarios. Long‐term monitoring data on forest conditions should be publicly accessible and utilized to inform adaptive management.

ACS Style

Virginia H. Dale; Keith L. Kline; Esther S. Parish; Annette Cowie; Robert Emory; Robert W. Malmsheimer; Raphael Slade; Charles Tattersall (Tat) Smith; Thomas Bently (Ben) Wigley; Niclas Scott Bentsen; Göran Berndes; Pierre Bernier; Miguel Brandão; Helena L. Chum; Rocio Diaz‐Chavez; Gustaf Egnell; Leif Gustavsson; Jörg Schweinle; Inge Stupak; Paul Trianosky; Arnaldo Walter; Carly Whittaker; Mark Brown; George Chescheir; Ioannis Dimitriou; Caspar Donnison; Alison Goss Eng; Kevin P. Hoyt; Jennifer C. Jenkins; Kristen Johnson; Charles A. Levesque; Victoria Lockhart; Maria Cristina Negri; Jami E. Nettles; Maria Wellisch. Status and prospects for renewable energy using wood pellets from the southeastern United States. GCB Bioenergy 2017, 9, 1296 -1305.

AMA Style

Virginia H. Dale, Keith L. Kline, Esther S. Parish, Annette Cowie, Robert Emory, Robert W. Malmsheimer, Raphael Slade, Charles Tattersall (Tat) Smith, Thomas Bently (Ben) Wigley, Niclas Scott Bentsen, Göran Berndes, Pierre Bernier, Miguel Brandão, Helena L. Chum, Rocio Diaz‐Chavez, Gustaf Egnell, Leif Gustavsson, Jörg Schweinle, Inge Stupak, Paul Trianosky, Arnaldo Walter, Carly Whittaker, Mark Brown, George Chescheir, Ioannis Dimitriou, Caspar Donnison, Alison Goss Eng, Kevin P. Hoyt, Jennifer C. Jenkins, Kristen Johnson, Charles A. Levesque, Victoria Lockhart, Maria Cristina Negri, Jami E. Nettles, Maria Wellisch. Status and prospects for renewable energy using wood pellets from the southeastern United States. GCB Bioenergy. 2017; 9 (8):1296-1305.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Virginia H. Dale; Keith L. Kline; Esther S. Parish; Annette Cowie; Robert Emory; Robert W. Malmsheimer; Raphael Slade; Charles Tattersall (Tat) Smith; Thomas Bently (Ben) Wigley; Niclas Scott Bentsen; Göran Berndes; Pierre Bernier; Miguel Brandão; Helena L. Chum; Rocio Diaz‐Chavez; Gustaf Egnell; Leif Gustavsson; Jörg Schweinle; Inge Stupak; Paul Trianosky; Arnaldo Walter; Carly Whittaker; Mark Brown; George Chescheir; Ioannis Dimitriou; Caspar Donnison; Alison Goss Eng; Kevin P. Hoyt; Jennifer C. Jenkins; Kristen Johnson; Charles A. Levesque; Victoria Lockhart; Maria Cristina Negri; Jami E. Nettles; Maria Wellisch. 2017. "Status and prospects for renewable energy using wood pellets from the southeastern United States." GCB Bioenergy 9, no. 8: 1296-1305.

Journal article
Published: 17 January 2017 in GCB Bioenergy
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Several EU countries import wood pellets from the south-eastern United States. The imported wood pellets are (co-)fired in power plants with the aim of reducing overall greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from electricity and meeting EU renewable energy targets. To assess whether GHG emissions are reduced and on what timescale, we construct the GHG balance of wood-pellet electricity. This GHG balance consists of supply chain and combustion GHG emissions, carbon sequestration during biomass growth and avoided GHG emissions through replacing fossil electricity. We investigate wood pellets from four softwood feedstock types: small roundwood, commercial thinnings, harvest residues and mill residues. Per feedstock, the GHG balance of wood-pellet electricity is compared against those of alternative scenarios. Alternative scenarios are combinations of alternative fates of the feedstock materials, such as in-forest decomposition, or the production of paper or wood panels like oriented strand board (OSB). Alternative scenario composition depends on feedstock type and local demand for this feedstock. Results indicate that the GHG balance of wood-pellet electricity equals that of alternative scenarios within 0–21 years (the GHG parity time), after which wood-pellet electricity has sustained climate benefits. Parity times increase by a maximum of 12 years when varying key variables (emissions associated with paper and panels, soil carbon increase via feedstock decomposition, wood-pellet electricity supply chain emissions) within maximum plausible ranges. Using commercial thinnings, harvest residues or mill residues as feedstock leads to the shortest GHG parity times (0–6 years) and fastest GHG benefits from wood-pellet electricity. We find shorter GHG parity times than previous studies, for we use a novel approach that differentiates feedstocks and considers alternative scenarios based on (combinations of) alternative feedstock fates, rather than on alternative land uses. This novel approach is relevant for bioenergy derived from low-value feedstocks.

ACS Style

Steef V. Hanssen; Anna S. Duden; Martin Junginger; Virginia H. Dale; Floor Hilst. Wood pellets, what else? Greenhouse gas parity times of European electricity from wood pellets produced in the south‐eastern United States using different softwood feedstocks. GCB Bioenergy 2017, 9, 1406 -1422.

AMA Style

Steef V. Hanssen, Anna S. Duden, Martin Junginger, Virginia H. Dale, Floor Hilst. Wood pellets, what else? Greenhouse gas parity times of European electricity from wood pellets produced in the south‐eastern United States using different softwood feedstocks. GCB Bioenergy. 2017; 9 (9):1406-1422.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Steef V. Hanssen; Anna S. Duden; Martin Junginger; Virginia H. Dale; Floor Hilst. 2017. "Wood pellets, what else? Greenhouse gas parity times of European electricity from wood pellets produced in the south‐eastern United States using different softwood feedstocks." GCB Bioenergy 9, no. 9: 1406-1422.

Journal article
Published: 26 February 2016 in Ecosphere
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This article connects the science of sustainability theory with applied aspects of sustainability deployment. A suite of 35 sustainability indicators spanning 12 environmental and socioeconomic categories has been proposed for comparing the sustainability of bioenergy production systems across different feedstock types and locations. Information on sustainability indicators and associated measurements for the feedstock production and logistics portions of the biofuel supply chain was available from a recent demonstration-scale switchgrass-to-ethanol production system located in East Tennessee. Knowledge pertaining to the available indicators was distributed within a hierarchical decision tree framework to generate an assessment of the overall sustainability of this no-till switchgrass production system relative to two alternative business-as-usual scenarios of unmanaged pasture and tilled corn production. The relative contributions of the social, economic, and environmental information were determined for the overall trajectory of this bioenergy system's sustainability under each scenario. The results show that, within this East Tennessee context, switchgrass production is an attractive option for improving environmental and social sustainability trajectories without adverse economic impacts, which can lead to enhanced sustainability overall. Although external trade does not yet exist for this switchgrass commodity, our economic modeling indicates that switchgrass production can still be beneficial to the counties surrounding the biorefinery in terms of dollars earned and jobs created. The opportunity to use inactive equipment and laborers is a potential benefit captured indirectly by the sustainability evaluation framework. Given the early stage of cellulosic ethanol production, it is currently difficult to determine quantitative values for all 35 proposed sustainability indicators across the entire biofuel supply chain. This case study demonstrates that integration of qualitative sustainability indicator ratings may increase holistic understanding of a bioenergy system in the absence of complete information.

ACS Style

Esther S. Parish; Virginia H. Dale; Burton C. English; Samuel W. Jackson; Donald D. Tyler. Assessing multimetric aspects of sustainability: Application to a bioenergy crop production system in East Tennessee. Ecosphere 2016, 7, 1 .

AMA Style

Esther S. Parish, Virginia H. Dale, Burton C. English, Samuel W. Jackson, Donald D. Tyler. Assessing multimetric aspects of sustainability: Application to a bioenergy crop production system in East Tennessee. Ecosphere. 2016; 7 (2):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Esther S. Parish; Virginia H. Dale; Burton C. English; Samuel W. Jackson; Donald D. Tyler. 2016. "Assessing multimetric aspects of sustainability: Application to a bioenergy crop production system in East Tennessee." Ecosphere 7, no. 2: 1.