Over the past few decades, concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO₂), a key greenhouse gas, have risen at a global rate of approximately 2 ppm/a. China is the largest CO₂ emitter and is the principle contributor to the increase in global CO₂ levels. Based on a satellite-retrieved atmospheric carbon dioxide column average dry air mixing ratio (XCO₂) dataset, derived from the greenhouse gas observation satellite (GOSAT), this paper evaluates the spatial and temporal variations of XCO₂ characteristics in China during 2009–2016. Moreover, the factors influencing changes in XCO₂ were investigated. Results showed XCO₂ concentrations in China increased at an average rate of 2.28 ppm/a, with significant annual seasonal variations of 6.78 ppm. The rate of change of XCO₂ was greater in south China compared to other regions across China, with clear differences in seasonality. Seasonal variations in XCO₂ concentrations across China were generally controlled by vegetation dynamics, characterized by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). However, driving factors exhibited spatial variations. In particular, a distinct belt (northeast–southwest) with a significant negative correlation (r < −0.75) between XCO₂ and NDVI was observed. Furthermore, in north China, human emissions were identified as the dominant influencing factor of total XCO₂ variations (r > 0.65), with forest fires taking first place in southwest China (r > 0.47). Our results in this study can provide us with a potential way to better understand the spatiotemporal changes of CO₂ concentration in China with NDVI, human activity and biomass burning, and could have an enlightening effect on slowing the growth of CO₂ concentration in China.

Supported Cu/CeO ₂ catalysts with various loadings prepared by a deposition–precipitation method are investigated by a series of in situ characterization techniques: structures of active sites dynamically change in response to environmental conditions.

In this study, we reported the identification of a novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile, and rod-shaped bacterium, strain KX 20T, isolated from the deep seawater in Okinawa Trough, northwestern Pacific Ocean. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain KX 20T was related to members of the genus Pseudomonas and shares the highest sequence identities with Pseudomonas aestusnigri CECT 8317T (99.4%) and Pseudomonas pachastrellae JCM 12285T (98.5%). The identities between strain KX 20T and other members of Pseudomonas are below 96.6%. The gyrB and rpoD genes of strain KX 20T share 82.0% to 89.3% sequence identities with the gyrB and rpoD of the closest phylogenetic neighbors of KX 20T. The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain KX 20T were summed feature 8 (C18:1ω7c and/or C18:1ω6c) (29.2%), C16:0 (24.5%), summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c) (21.5%), and C12:0 (8.2%). The major polar lipids of strain KX 20T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and unknown phospholipids. The genomic DNA G + C content of strain KX 20T was 62.9 mol%. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic characteristics, a novel species, Pseudomonas oceani sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KX 20T (= CGMCC 1.15195T = DSM 100277T).