A good understanding of the role and function of the ocean seems to be of paramount importance in recent years, constituting the basic tool for the promotion of healthy and sustainable marine environment, and a target area of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. In this study, the content knowledge of elementary school students (grades 3–6) in regards to ocean sciences issues was examined. A structured questionnaire was administered to 1004 students participating in a cross-cultural study from three Mediterranean countries (Italy, Croatia, and Greece). The results of the study indicated a rather moderate level of knowledge in the total sample, while slight differences were recorded among the three countries revealing common knowledge gains and misconceptions. Rasch analysis was applied to further evaluate the validity of the results, while the influence of certain demographics on students’ knowledge level was also investigated. This study concludes with a discussion of the implications on national curriculum development in elementary education level, in order to promote ocean literacy and to ensure protection and conservation of the Mediterranean Sea.

The catch per unit effort (CPUE), population structure, sex ratio, and reproductive aspects of the invasive blue crab Callinectes sapidus Rathbun were studied in Monolimni Lagoon and the adjacent coastal waters in the estuarine area of the Evros River (Northeast Aegean Sea, Eastern Mediterranean). The CPUE varied both seasonally and spatially; higher values were recorded in summer and fall in the lagoonal stations characterized by shallow depth (<0.5 m) and a dense meadow of the angiosperm Ruppia maritima, whereas significantly lower CPUE was recorded in the adjacent coastal area. The bottom temperature was positively correlated with CPUE. Μodal progression analysis estimated a three-modal size–frequency distribution for both sexes corresponding to the 0⁺, 1⁺, and 2⁺ age classes. Females attained a significantly larger size (carapace width (CW)) than males. Crab size decreased from the marine area to the lagoonal stations. The sex ratio was estimated at 2.45:1 (♂/♀). Males dominated in all months, except for October, when an equal sex ratio was observed. The mean size at maturity (L₅₀) of females was estimated at 124 mm CW. Females with mature ovaries were found from February to October. Ovigerous females were observed from May to October in the coastal area, where a spawning peak occurred in September. In the Evros River estuary, the American blue crab exhibits a life cycle that seems to conform to the general complex life-cycle pattern of the species along the mid-Atlantic coast.

The Mediterranean Sea is characterized by rich biodiversity, and its region hosts people living in several countries with a rich variety of cultures, but – at the same time – it is “under siege”, due to anthropogenic pressures. To address these pressures, many actions are needed aiming, among others, at establishing Ocean Literacy (OL) across the Mediterranean countries and preparing the future generation of Mediterranean Sea-literate citizens. Towards this aim, the present cross-national study investigated OL issues in relation to content knowledge, possible common misconceptions, attitudes, and the self-reported behavior of 2,533 middle school students from eight Mediterranean countries (Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, Greece, Italy, Malta, Spain, and Turkey), as well as certain background elements (e.g., gender, grade level, environmental education experience, sources of relevant information). The results of this study revealed that middle school students of all studied countries possess a moderate level of ocean sciences content knowledge, while they showed satisfactory pro-environmental attitudes and behavior. These findings along with further research are expected to function as a baseline for the design, implementation, and launch of specifically targeted programs, educational activities, teaching resources, curricula, and school textbooks, which will be achieved through close collaboration between schools, universities, research institutes, and Ministries of Education, thus contributing to the future protection and sustainable development of the Mediterranean Sea region.

Seagrass species have been recommended as biomonitors of environmental condition and as tools for phytoremediation, due to their ability to concentrate anthropogenic chemicals. This study aims to provide novel information on metal accumulation in seagrasses under laboratory conditions to support their use as a tool in the evaluation and abatement of contamination in the field. We investigated the kinetics of cadmium uptake into adult leaf blades, leaf sheaths, rhizomes and roots of Cymodocea nodosa in exposure concentrations within the range of cadmium levels in industrial wastewater (0.5–40 mg L−1). A Michaelis–Menten-type equation satisfactorily described cadmium accumulation kinetics in seagrass parts, particularly at 0.5–5 or 10 mg L−1. However, an S equation best described the uptake kinetics in rhizomes at 5 mg L−1 and roots at 10 and 20 mg L−1. Equilibrium concentration and uptake rate tended to increase with the exposure concentration, indicating that seagrass displays a remarkable accumulation capacity of cadmium and reflect high cadmium levels in the surrounding medium. Concerning leaf blades and rhizomes, the bioconcentration factor at equilibrium (range 73.3–404.3 and 14.3–86.3, respectively) was generally lower at higher exposure concentrations, indicating a gradual reduction of available binding sites. Leaf blades and roots accumulated more cadmium with higher rate than sheaths and rhizomes. Uptake kinetics in leaf blades displayed a better fit to the Michaelis–Menten-type equation than those in the remaining plant parts, particularly at 0.5–10 mg L−1. A marked variation in tissue concentrations mainly after the steady state was observed at 20 and 40 mg L−1, indicative of the stress induced on seagrass cells. The maximum concentrations observed in seagrass parts at 5 and 10 mg L−1 were comparatively higher than those previously reported for other seagrasses incubated to similar exposure concentrations. Cymodocea nodosa displays a remarkable cadmium accumulation capacity and reflects high cadmium levels in the surrounding medium. Kinetic models satisfactorily describe cadmium uptake in seagrass parts, primarily in adult leaf blades, at high exposure concentrations, permitting to predict cadmium accumulation in field situations. Cymodocea nodosa appeared to be a valuable tool in the evaluation and abatement of cadmium contamination in coastal areas.

This study aims to add to the mapping of the presence of ocean sciences issues in national curricula and textbooks worldwide, investigating the inclusion of ocean literacy principles and their fundamental concepts in Greek primary science textbooks according to the Ocean Literacy Framework. Content analysis was implemented in both textual and pictorial material. The textbook analysis revealed that although all Ocean Literacy Principles are presented to some extent in the textbooks under study, most of their supporting fundamental concepts are absent for most of the principles. Only principles 1 and 6 are well represented, while principles 4 and 7 show the weakest appearance. The alignment of the principles and concepts in the textbooks with the Scope and Sequence of the Ocean Literacy Framework showed an apparent inconsistency, revealing that they are partially represented and superficially introduced. The implications of this study add to this mapping and aim to help curriculum designers and marine educators worldwide to cooperate for the inclusion of ocean literacy topics into the curricula which will potentially lead to students’ improved knowledge about the marine environment and the enhancement of their ocean literacy and responsible environmental behavior concerning ocean conservation.

Recreational SCUBA diving is currently a nature-based USD multibillion tourism industry across the globe. However, degradation of many recreational diving destinations all over the world due to “soft” ecotourists necessitates the adoption of innovative management measures. Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR) developed an innovative technology for the creation of artificial underwater ecotourism attractions (“oases”) to divert visitors away from sensitive marine natural areas of high ecological and aesthetic value. This innovative technology includes specially constructed artificial reefs in an attempt to simulate the functional and morphological characteristics and the aesthetics of the natural rocky reefs. In this study, a pilot survey was conducted in three diving centres of Crete Island, one of the most important tourist destinations in the Mediterranean Sea, involving the participation of 144 SCUBA divers from all over the world. The survey aimed at investigating SCUBA divers’ profiles and perceptions concerning recreational diving activities and artificial reefs technology. Findings of this study indicate that large naval shipwrecks combined with innovative man-fabricated constructions simulating natural rocky reefs meet the preferences of the majority of the participants of the survey and they can be used as an alternative tool for relevant marine ecotourism sustainable applications.