DEETIOLATED1 (DET1) plays a critical role in developmental and environmental responses in many plants. To date, the functions of OsDET1 in rice (Oryza sativa) have been largely unknown. OsDET1 is an ortholog of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) DET1. Here, we found that OsDET1 is essential for maintaining normal rice development. The repression of OsDET1 had detrimental effects on plant development, and leaded to contradictory phenotypes related to abscisic acid (ABA) in OsDET1 interference (RNAi) plants. We found that OsDET1 is involved in modulating ABA signaling in rice. OsDET1 RNAi plants exhibited an ABA hypersensitivity phenotype. Using yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays, we determined that OsDET1 interacts physically with DAMAGED-SPECIFIC DNA-BINDING PROTEIN1 (OsDDB1) and CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC10 (COP10); DET1- and DDB1-ASSOCIATED1 binds to the ABA receptors OsPYL5 and OsDDB1. We found that the degradation of OsPYL5 was delayed in OsDET1 RNAi plants. These findings suggest that OsDET1 deficiency disturbs the COP10-DET1-DDB1 complex, which is responsible for ABA receptor (OsPYL) degradation, eventually leading to ABA sensitivity in rice. Additionally, OsDET1 also modulated ABA biosynthesis, as ABA biosynthesis was inhibited in OsDET1 RNAi plants and promoted in OsDET1-overexpressing transgenic plants. In conclusion, our data suggest that OsDET1 plays an important role in maintaining normal development in rice and mediates the cross talk between ABA biosynthesis and ABA signaling pathways in rice.

Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an economically significant global crop and condiment. Its yield can be severely reduced by the oomycete plant pathogen, Phytophthora capsici (P. capsici). Here, a high-density genetic map was created with a mapping panel of F₂ populations obtained from 150 individuals of parental lines PI201234 and 1287 and specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF) that was then utilized to identify loci that are related to resistance to P. capsici. The sequencing depth of the genetic map was 108.74-fold for the male parent, 126.25-fold for the female parent, and 22.73-fold for the offspring. A high-resolution genetic map consisting of 5565 markers and 12 linkage groups was generated for pepper, covering 1535.69 cM and an average marker distance of 0.28 cM. One major quantitative trait locus (QTL) for the P. capsici resistance (CQPc5.1) was identified on Chr05 that explained the observed 11.758% phenotypic variance. A total of 23 candidate genes located within the QTL CQPc5.1 interval were identified, which included the candidate gene Capana05g000595 that encodes the RPP8-like protein as well as two candidate genes Capana05g000596 and Capana05g000597 that encodes a RPP13-like protein. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed higher expression levels of Capana05g000595, Capana05g000596, and Capana05g000597 in P. capsici resistance accessions, suggesting their association with P. capsici resistance in pepper.

The molecular mechanisms underlying the variation in N-use efficiency (NUE) in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes are poorly understood. In this work, two genotypes (750-1, low-N tolerant; ZCFB, low-N sensitive) with contrasting low-N tolerance were selected from 100 pepper cultivars on the basis of their relative leaf areas, shoot dry weights, root dry weights, and plant dry weights at the seedling stage. Subsequently, using RNA-Seq, the transcriptome of these two pepper genotypes under N starvation for 28 days was analyzed. We detected 2621/2470 and 3936/4218 different expressed genes (DEGs) in the leaves/roots of 750-1 and ZCFB, respectively. The changes in the expression of basic N metabolism genes were similar between 750-1 and ZCFB. However, different DEGs not directly involved in N metabolism were identified between the 750-1 and ZCFB cultivars. In 750-1, 110 unique DEGs were detected in the leaves, of which 103 were down-regulated, including genes associated with protein metabolism, photosynthesis, secondary metabolism, cell wall metabolism, stress response, and disease resistance. In ZCFB, 142 unique DEGs were detected in the roots, of which 117 were up-regulated, resulting in enhancement of processes such as protein degradation, secondary metabolites synthesis, lipid metabolism, endocytosis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), transcriptional regulation, stress response, and disease resistance. Our results not only facilitate an understanding of the different regulatory process in low-N-tolerant and low-N-sensitive pepper cultivars, but also provide abundant candidate genes for improving the low-N tolerance of pepper cultivars.