The purpose and scope of this article is to present the best marine practices used to determine the ship’s domain depth (compared to the safety depth parameter in ECDIS) and the safest and best possible speed (also known as optimal speed) of the ship in restricted sea areas limited by the depth of navigation waters. The author also presents a method that can be used to estimate the safe speed of a ship in shallow waters and the so-called navigational risk factor (specified in the range from 0 to 1), using the safety depth parameter specified in ECDIS based on the analysis of a three-dimensional model of the ship’s domain. The essence of the method proposed in this paper is a systematic approach to the operation of a seagoing ship in the aspect of assessing its navigation safety (navigational risk factor) when manoeuvring in restricted sea areas, in particular in shallow waters including navigable canals and fairways.

The purpose of this article is to analyse the risk related to the transfer of personnel between units operating on the water. Although several regulations exist, there are still a high volume of noncompliant personnel and passengers transfer arrangements throughout the industry. In light of this, it is the aim of this research to critically investigate and understand what is contributing to such a high level of noncompliance. In this paper, the authors outline the industry’s concern about poorly assembled ladders causing severe injuries or fatalities during personnel transfers and the preventive actions taken by various organizations. Mentioned demand is supported by the analysis of selected statistical data on maritime accidents and proposals of planned preventive actions. The study also presents an example of work risk assessment for typical personnel (pilot) boarding operations with the use of pilot ladders or other means of personnel transfer. The authors hope that the formal risk assessment (RA) presented in this paper will be the basis for the development of appropriate procedures and a checklist for each crew member involved in various transfer operations to or from the ship. As a result, the widespread use of such procedures, combined with adequate training of crews in hazard identification and risk assessment, should significantly improve overall safety in maritime transport systems.