This investigation applied a cross-sectional comparative methodology to examine the levels, predictors, and consequences of religious struggles among a multinational sample of 706 Muslims recruited in three universities in Israel/Palestine, Turkey, and Malaysia. Participants were asked to provide demographics and complete measures of religious struggles, satisfaction with life, and generalized anxiety. Three main findings emerged from the study: (1) In general, participants reported low levels of religious struggles; (2) Turks scored significantly higher than both Palestinians and Malaysians on religious struggles; (3) higher levels of generalized anxiety were predicted by higher levels of religious struggles among Malaysians only, and lower levels of satisfaction with life were predicted by higher levels of religious struggles among Palestinians and Turks only. These findings suggest that the links between religious struggles and health and well-being among Muslims are complex, and call for a nuanced detailed analysis of the religious struggles phenomenon among this population.

This study examines the psychometric properties of a revised form of the Sahin-Francis Scale of Attitude towards Islam comprising only positive valence items. Data provided by 189 Sunni students in Malaysia (41 males and 148 females) support the internal consistency reliability and construct validity of this instrument and commend it for application in further studies.

This study aims to identify policy strategies, research trends, challenges, and opportunities to transform Islamic Religious Higher Education (PTAI) to increase global competitiveness and relevance. This study uses a qualitative paradigm with a literature study approach to analyse the institutional transformation of Islamic higher education. Data were collected by searching for scientific articles in leading databases, such as Scopus and Garuda Kemendikbud. The analysis used content analysis techniques to identify central themes and synthesise data descriptively. The study's results identified several important aspects related to policy strategies, research trends, and challenges and opportunities, including (1) Digital Transformation of Islamic Education, where PTAI needs to develop a curriculum that is in line with technology and ensure that the quality of teaching is maintained. The Diffusion of Innovation Theory explains that factors such as relative advantage, observability, complexity, trialability, and technology compatibility influence the adoption of technology in PTAI; (2) A sustainable Adaptive Education Model based on transformational learning theory, which emphasises the importance of critical reflection on social and environmental changes in order to prepare students to face global challenges; (3) Development of Digital Skills to support the transformation of higher education, by the Theory of Educational Technology; (4) Innovation and Entrepreneurship that focuses on increasing the competitiveness of PTAI, based on the theory of educational entrepreneurship. The implications of this study indicate that PTAI needs to adopt technology and adaptive education models to increase global competitiveness. The study's limitations lie in the limited library sources of international scientific articles. The suggestion for further research is to explore the practical implementation of PTAI transformation in various countries, focusing on field studies.

The fear of happiness is culturally influenced, especially in conservative communities, in which there is an indirect suggestion that happiness should be restrained or that it should remain hidden. This study evaluated the fear of happiness of university students (N = 211) in Turkey by administering a collection of questionnaires; the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being, the Satisfaction With Life Scale, Fear of Happiness Scale, and the Piety and Hope components from Religious Orientation Scale (There is no faith bias affecting the fear of happiness). There was no association identified between piety and fear of happiness, but hope and life satisfaction were found to be negatively associated with fear of happiness. It is indirectly implied that cultural-oriented factors than religious values might be potentially playing a major role in the happiness perception. Future research should include the factor of superstitious belief in order to differentiate the level of its impact on fear of happiness.