A fractional-order integral fuzzy sliding mode control scheme is proposed for a class of uncertain fractional-order nonlinear systems subject to uncertainties and external disturbances. First, in each step, a neuro-fuzzy network system is developed to approximate the uncertain nonlinear function existing in fractional-subsystem and a fractional sliding mode surface is presented. Second, based on the fractional Lyapunov stability theory and the finite-time stability theory, a fractional adaptive backstepping neuro-fuzzy sliding mode controller is designed to drive the state trajectories of fractional-order systems to the prescribed sliding mode surface. Meanwhile, the finite-time stability of the fractional-order closed-loop system is proved. At last, three numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.