Assessing energy consumption of a CO₂ plant helps estimate the plant’s greenhouse gas emissions and its environmental impact, which then facilitate the development of an eco-friendly strategy. Main objective of this research is to conduct a fundamental energy analysis in Aspen Plus V8.8 for an already simulated CO₂ production system utilizing natural gas as feed. The findings show that the available energy savings of the plant is 4.329×10⁵ watt. There are no CO₂ emissions, portraying a carbon-free synthesis process which is often the desire of environmental protection agencies. This analysis should be used in future studies to determine the appropriate sizing of equipment and utilities, ensuring that the plant operates at its optimal capacity and avoids overdesign.

The comparative study for obtained heat transfer coefficient for Acacia Mangium (wood) and Kenaf bast (non-wood) pulp fiber suspension were performed in a close loop circular pipe heat exchanger. During the test study it was observed that the magnitude of heat transfer coefficient strong influenced by the parameters including: fiber type, pulp concentration, characteristics as well as fiber pulping method. At a low fiber suspension concentration and higher flow rates, it was observed that higher values of heat transfer coefficient were achieved than that of water, in contrast, a decrease in heat transfer values were found at increasing concentration and lower pulp suspension. It was found that values of heat transfer coefficient decreases with increasing the fiber flexibility for both Acacia Mangium and Kenaf bast respectively. In the present research work, the fiber dimensions and fiber flexibility are inter-related along with values of heat transfer coefficient of both wood and non-wood fiber suspensions.

This research is motivated by the limited digital learning platforms capable of integrating various forms of representation to support STEAM-based in-depth learning, particularly in physics subjects that require high conceptual understanding. To address this need, this study aims to describe the feasibility of the Digital Multiple Representation Platform (DMRP) as an innovative learning medium designed to facilitate conceptual understanding and encourage interdisciplinary integration in the STEAM context. This research method uses a Research and Development (R&D) design based on the DDDE (Decide, Design, Develop, and Evaluation) model to systematically guide the platform creation and validation process. Data were collected using an expert validation questionnaire covering aspects of content feasibility, pedagogy, interface appearance, interactivity, and technical aspects. Validation was carried out by learning media experts and physics material experts to assess the quality and suitability of the platform for instructional purposes. In addition to quantitative data, the study also involved qualitative feedback from educators and students through open-ended interviews to obtain an in-depth overview of the platform's practicality and acceptability. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive techniques to calculate a feasibility score, while qualitative data were analyzed to identify suggestions for improvement and aspects that support the platform's effectiveness. The results of the study show that the DMRP achieved an average media validation score of 80% and a content validation score of 79%, both of which are categorized as very feasible to be implemented in learning. The conclusion of this study shows that integrating various representations in a digital environment can effectively improve conceptual understanding, creativity, and student engagement in STEAM-oriented physics education. Overall, the developed DMRP offers a pedagogically grounded model to support deep learning and interdisciplinary thinking, which contributes to the development of digital innovation in STEAM education.