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Terpene‐based polyesteramides (PEAs) are sustainable and have a variety of favorable properties, making them suitable for a wide range of applications and for contribution to a much more sustainable polymer industry. This work focuses on the synthesis of the lactam from β‐pinene and its copolymerization with ε‐caprolactone. An important step in synthesizing β‐pinene lactam is the oxidation of β‐pinene to nopinone. To make the established oxidative cleavage more sustainable and efficient, the required amounts of Al2O3 and KMnO4 are significantly reduced by using H2SO4 as a catalyst. For the Beckmann rearrangement various catalysts and co‐reagents are screened. Among these, the reaction with tosyl chloride is found the most favorable. Subsequently, the chain lengths of the β‐pinene‐based PEAs are remarkably increased from 6000 g mol−1 to more than 25 100 g mol−1 by fine‐tuning reaction time, temperature, and decreasing catalyst and initiator concentrations. Also, different catalysts for polymerization are tested. The resulting material shows melting temperatures of ≈55 °C and decomposition temperatures of 354 °C or higher. Processing via melt pressing or casting turned out to be quite difficult due to the polymer's brittleness. Furthermore, regarding biomedical applications, blends of PEA with polyethylene glycol were successfully prepared, yielding a more hydrophilic material.
Magdalena Maria Kleybolte; Malte Winnacker. β ‐Pinene‐Derived Polyesteramides and Their Blends: Advances in Their Upscaling, Processing, and Characterization. Macromolecular Rapid Communications 2021, 42, 2100065 .
AMA StyleMagdalena Maria Kleybolte, Malte Winnacker. β ‐Pinene‐Derived Polyesteramides and Their Blends: Advances in Their Upscaling, Processing, and Characterization. Macromolecular Rapid Communications. 2021; 42 (13):2100065.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMagdalena Maria Kleybolte; Malte Winnacker. 2021. "β ‐Pinene‐Derived Polyesteramides and Their Blends: Advances in Their Upscaling, Processing, and Characterization." Macromolecular Rapid Communications 42, no. 13: 2100065.
Soluble heterocomplexes consisting of sodium hydride in combination with trialkylaluminum derivatives have been used as anionic initiating systems at 100 °C in toluene for convenient homo-, co- and ter-polymerization of myrcene with styrene and isoprene. In this way it has been possible to obtain elastomeric materials in a wide range of compositions with interesting thermal profiles and different polymeric architectures by simply modulating the alimentation feed and the (monomers)/(initiator systems) ratio. Especially, a complete study of the myrcene-styrene copolymers (PMS) was carried out, highlighting their tapered microstructures with high molecular weights (up to 159.8 KDa) and a single glass transition temperature. For PMS copolymer reactivity ratios, rmyr = 0.12 ± 0.003 and rsty = 3.18 ± 0.65 and rmyr = 0.10 ± 0.004 and rsty = 3.32 ± 0.68 were determined according to the Kelen–Tudos (KT) and extended Kelen–Tudos (exKT) methods, respectively. Finally, this study showed an easy accessible approach for the production of various elastomers by anionic copolymerization of renewable terpenes, such as myrcene, with commodities.
David Lamparelli; Magdalena Kleybolte; Malte Winnacker; Carmine Capacchione. Sustainable Myrcene-Based Elastomers via a Convenient Anionic Polymerization. Polymers 2021, 13, 838 .
AMA StyleDavid Lamparelli, Magdalena Kleybolte, Malte Winnacker, Carmine Capacchione. Sustainable Myrcene-Based Elastomers via a Convenient Anionic Polymerization. Polymers. 2021; 13 (5):838.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid Lamparelli; Magdalena Kleybolte; Malte Winnacker; Carmine Capacchione. 2021. "Sustainable Myrcene-Based Elastomers via a Convenient Anionic Polymerization." Polymers 13, no. 5: 838.
Stefan Naumann; Malte Winnacker. Einblick: Polymere und Nachhaltigkeit. Nachrichten aus der Chemie 2020, 68, 67 -69.
AMA StyleStefan Naumann, Malte Winnacker. Einblick: Polymere und Nachhaltigkeit. Nachrichten aus der Chemie. 2020; 68 (9):67-69.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStefan Naumann; Malte Winnacker. 2020. "Einblick: Polymere und Nachhaltigkeit." Nachrichten aus der Chemie 68, no. 9: 67-69.
Sustainable lactams, which are derived from terpenes, are used for the synthesis of different novel copolymers via ring‐opening polymerization. Different conditions are tested and the incorporation of the different monomers into the polymers is elucidated. This gives access to a variety of new polymer structures and their application range is thus remarkably extended.
Malte Winnacker; David Hermann Lamparelli; Carmine Capacchione; Hicran H. Güngör; Lucas Stieglitz; Katia S. Rodewald; Matthias Schmidt; Thomas F. Gronauer. Sustainable Polyesteramides and Copolyamides: Insights into the Copolymerization Behavior of Terpene‐Based Lactams. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 2020, 221, 1 .
AMA StyleMalte Winnacker, David Hermann Lamparelli, Carmine Capacchione, Hicran H. Güngör, Lucas Stieglitz, Katia S. Rodewald, Matthias Schmidt, Thomas F. Gronauer. Sustainable Polyesteramides and Copolyamides: Insights into the Copolymerization Behavior of Terpene‐Based Lactams. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics. 2020; 221 (12):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMalte Winnacker; David Hermann Lamparelli; Carmine Capacchione; Hicran H. Güngör; Lucas Stieglitz; Katia S. Rodewald; Matthias Schmidt; Thomas F. Gronauer. 2020. "Sustainable Polyesteramides and Copolyamides: Insights into the Copolymerization Behavior of Terpene‐Based Lactams." Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 221, no. 12: 1.
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are microbial biopolymers (polyesters) that have meanwhile a wide range of functions and applications. They serve in nature mainly as carbon and energy storage materials for a variety of microorganisms. In the past decades, their utilization has attracted very much attention, from commodities and degradable plastics up to specialty performance materials in medicine. PHA biosynthesis has been well understood, and it is now possible to design bacterial strands to produce PHAs with desired properties. The substrates for the fermentative production of PHAs are very manifold: some are derived from food‐based carbon sources (e.g., fats and oils (triglycerids)), thus raising concerns with regards to the sustainability of their productions in terms of crop area and food. In addition, hemicellulose hydrolysates, crude glycerol and methanol are very promising carbon sources for the sustainable production of PHAs. The integration of PHA production within a modern biorefinery is an important issue and can result in a simultaneous production of biofuels and bioplastics. Furthermore, many chemical‐synthetic procedures by means of efficient catalysts can meanwhile give access to a variety of PHAs. This article summarizes recent developments in these fields and emphasizes the importance of a sustainable PHA‐based industry. Practical Applications: Practical applications of the microbial polyesters polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are, e.g., a variety of sustainably produced commodities as well as special applications in (bio)medicine, e.g. tissue engineering. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Malte Winnacker. Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Recent Advances in Their Synthesis and Applications. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology 2019, 121, 1 .
AMA StyleMalte Winnacker. Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Recent Advances in Their Synthesis and Applications. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology. 2019; 121 (11):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMalte Winnacker. 2019. "Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Recent Advances in Their Synthesis and Applications." European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology 121, no. 11: 1.
In addition to their established usage in textiles, commodities, and automotives, classical polyamides (nylons) are recently becoming increasingly interesting for applications in (bio)medicine. This fact relies on many prosperous properties of these polymers, which are toughness, resistance, biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, tunable biodegradability, and their similarity to natural peptides (amide bonds). Some nylon‐based medical products do already exist for wound treatment applications, implants, and biomolecule‐interacting membranes, but the systematic use of these polymers for tissue engineering is—although desired—still to be accomplished. Inspired by this, the suitability of nylon 6 and of a related biobased and more hydrophobic terpene‐derived polyamide as surfaces for the controlled interaction with HaCat cells (human keratinocytes) are investigated herein with regard to possible applications for regenerative skin replacement. The nylons are applied as neat polymers and as hydrophilized blends/composites with polyethylene glycol and confirm their excellent suitability as biomaterials.
Malte Winnacker; Andreas J. G. Beringer; Thomas F. Gronauer; Hicran H. Güngör; Leonhard Reinschlüssel; Bernhard Rieger; Stephan A. Sieber. Polyamide/PEG Blends as Biocompatible Biomaterials for the Convenient Regulation of Cell Adhesion and Growth. Macromolecular Rapid Communications 2019, 40, e1900091 .
AMA StyleMalte Winnacker, Andreas J. G. Beringer, Thomas F. Gronauer, Hicran H. Güngör, Leonhard Reinschlüssel, Bernhard Rieger, Stephan A. Sieber. Polyamide/PEG Blends as Biocompatible Biomaterials for the Convenient Regulation of Cell Adhesion and Growth. Macromolecular Rapid Communications. 2019; 40 (12):e1900091.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMalte Winnacker; Andreas J. G. Beringer; Thomas F. Gronauer; Hicran H. Güngör; Leonhard Reinschlüssel; Bernhard Rieger; Stephan A. Sieber. 2019. "Polyamide/PEG Blends as Biocompatible Biomaterials for the Convenient Regulation of Cell Adhesion and Growth." Macromolecular Rapid Communications 40, no. 12: e1900091.
The synthesis and polymerization of two β‐lactams and two ε‐lactams derived from the terpenes α‐pinene and (+)‐3‐carene are reported. The new biopolymers can be considered as polyamide 2 (PA2) and polyamide 6 (PA6)‐types with aliphatic stereoregular side chains, which lead to remarkable new properties. The macromolecules are investigated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and infrared (IR). The (+)‐3‐carene‐derived PA6‐type is of particular interest, since it reaches a molecular weight of over 30 kDa, which is the highest value for lactam‐based polyamides derived from terpenes reported to date. Additionally, a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 120 °C is observed, surpassing the glass transition temperature of PA6 by 60 °C. The absence of a melting point (Tm) indicates high amorphicity, another novelty for terpene‐based polyamides, which might give transparent bio‐polyamides access to new fields of application.
Paul N. Stockmann; Dominik Lukas Pastoetter; Marion Woelbing; Claudia Falcke; Malte Winnacker; Harald Strittmatter; Volker Sieber. New Bio‐Polyamides from Terpenes: α‐Pinene and (+)‐3‐Carene as Valuable Resources for Lactam Production. Macromolecular Rapid Communications 2019, 40, e1800903 .
AMA StylePaul N. Stockmann, Dominik Lukas Pastoetter, Marion Woelbing, Claudia Falcke, Malte Winnacker, Harald Strittmatter, Volker Sieber. New Bio‐Polyamides from Terpenes: α‐Pinene and (+)‐3‐Carene as Valuable Resources for Lactam Production. Macromolecular Rapid Communications. 2019; 40 (11):e1800903.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaul N. Stockmann; Dominik Lukas Pastoetter; Marion Woelbing; Claudia Falcke; Malte Winnacker; Harald Strittmatter; Volker Sieber. 2019. "New Bio‐Polyamides from Terpenes: α‐Pinene and (+)‐3‐Carene as Valuable Resources for Lactam Production." Macromolecular Rapid Communications 40, no. 11: e1800903.
Pinenes ‐ a group of monoterpenes containing a double bond ‐ are very suitable renewable building blocks for a variety of sustainable polymers and materials. Their abundance from mainly non‐edible parts of plants as well as the feasibility to isolate them render these compounds unique amongst the variety of biomass that is utilizable for novel materials. Accordingly, their use for the synthesis of biobased polymers has been investigated intensively, and strong progress has been made with this especially within the past 2‐3 years. Direct cationic or radical polymerization via the double bonds as well as polymerization upon their further functionalization can afford a variety of sustainable polymers suitable for many applications, which is summarized in this article.
Malte Winnacker. Pinene: reichlich vorhandene und erneuerbare Bausteine für eine Vielzahl an nachhaltigen Polymeren. Angewandte Chemie 2018, 130, 14560 -14569.
AMA StyleMalte Winnacker. Pinene: reichlich vorhandene und erneuerbare Bausteine für eine Vielzahl an nachhaltigen Polymeren. Angewandte Chemie. 2018; 130 (44):14560-14569.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMalte Winnacker. 2018. "Pinene: reichlich vorhandene und erneuerbare Bausteine für eine Vielzahl an nachhaltigen Polymeren." Angewandte Chemie 130, no. 44: 14560-14569.
Pinenes ‐ a group of monoterpenes containing a double bond ‐ are very suitable renewable building blocks for a variety of sustainable polymers and materials. Their abundance from mainly non‐edible parts of plants as well as the feasibility to isolate them render these compounds unique amongst the variety of biomass that is utilizable for novel materials. Accordingly, their use for the synthesis of biobased polymers has been investigated intensively, and strong progress has been made with this especially within the past 2‐3 years. Direct cationic or radical polymerization via the double bonds as well as polymerization upon their further functionalization can afford a variety of sustainable polymers suitable for many applications, which is summarized in this article.
Malte Winnacker. Pinenes: Abundant and Renewable Building Blocks for a Variety of Sustainable Polymers. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2018, 57, 14362 -14371.
AMA StyleMalte Winnacker. Pinenes: Abundant and Renewable Building Blocks for a Variety of Sustainable Polymers. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2018; 57 (44):14362-14371.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMalte Winnacker. 2018. "Pinenes: Abundant and Renewable Building Blocks for a Variety of Sustainable Polymers." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 57, no. 44: 14362-14371.
Silicon nanocrystals (SiNCs) are abundant and exhibit exquisitely tailorable optoelectronic properties. The incorporation of SiNCs into highly porous and lightweight substrates such as aerogels leads to hybrid materials possessing the attractive features of both materials. This study describes the covalent deposition of SiNCs on and intercalation into silica aerogels, explores the properties, and demonstrates a proto-type sensing application of the composite material. Silicon nanocrystals of different sizes were functionalized with triethoxyvinylsilane (TEVS) via a radical grafting approach and subsequently used for the synthesis of photoluminescent silica hybrids. The resulting SiNC containing aerogels possess high porosities, SiNC-based size-dependent photoluminescence, transparency, and a superhydrophobic macroscopic surface. The materials were used to examine the photoluminescence response towards low concentrations of 3-nitrotoluene (270 µM), demonstrating their potential as a sensing platform for high-energy materials.
Julian Kehrle; Tapas K. Purkait; Simon Kaiser; Konstantinos N. Raftopoulos; Malte Winnacker; Theresa Ludwig; Maryam Aghajamali; Marianne Hanzlik; Katia Rodewald; Tobias Helbich; Christine M. Papadakis; Jonathan G. C. Veinot; Bernhard Rieger. Superhydrophobic Silicon Nanocrystal–Silica Aerogel Hybrid Materials: Synthesis, Properties, and Sensing Application. Langmuir 2018, 34, 4888 -4896.
AMA StyleJulian Kehrle, Tapas K. Purkait, Simon Kaiser, Konstantinos N. Raftopoulos, Malte Winnacker, Theresa Ludwig, Maryam Aghajamali, Marianne Hanzlik, Katia Rodewald, Tobias Helbich, Christine M. Papadakis, Jonathan G. C. Veinot, Bernhard Rieger. Superhydrophobic Silicon Nanocrystal–Silica Aerogel Hybrid Materials: Synthesis, Properties, and Sensing Application. Langmuir. 2018; 34 (16):4888-4896.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJulian Kehrle; Tapas K. Purkait; Simon Kaiser; Konstantinos N. Raftopoulos; Malte Winnacker; Theresa Ludwig; Maryam Aghajamali; Marianne Hanzlik; Katia Rodewald; Tobias Helbich; Christine M. Papadakis; Jonathan G. C. Veinot; Bernhard Rieger. 2018. "Superhydrophobic Silicon Nanocrystal–Silica Aerogel Hybrid Materials: Synthesis, Properties, and Sensing Application." Langmuir 34, no. 16: 4888-4896.
A sustainable lactam, which is derived from the renewable terpene β-pinene, is converted to polyamides with prosperous thermal properties via a convenient anionic ring-opening polymerization (ROP).
Malte Winnacker; Jacob Sag. Sustainable terpene-based polyamides via anionic polymerization of a pinene-derived lactam. Chemical Communications 2018, 54, 841 -844.
AMA StyleMalte Winnacker, Jacob Sag. Sustainable terpene-based polyamides via anionic polymerization of a pinene-derived lactam. Chemical Communications. 2018; 54 (7):841-844.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMalte Winnacker; Jacob Sag. 2018. "Sustainable terpene-based polyamides via anionic polymerization of a pinene-derived lactam." Chemical Communications 54, no. 7: 841-844.
Recent strategies for the synthesis of functional materials by living cells are highlighted, elucidating the potential of the interface of materials science and synthetic biology.
Malte Winnacker. Recent advances in the synthesis of functional materials by engineered and recombinant living cells. Soft Matter 2017, 13, 6672 -6677.
AMA StyleMalte Winnacker. Recent advances in the synthesis of functional materials by engineered and recombinant living cells. Soft Matter. 2017; 13 (38):6672-6677.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMalte Winnacker. 2017. "Recent advances in the synthesis of functional materials by engineered and recombinant living cells." Soft Matter 13, no. 38: 6672-6677.
Among the variety of polymeric biomaterials, polyesters have a significant position, for example due to their biocompatibility and (tunable) biodegradability. In addition to their established and ‘pristine’ use as, for example, implants or sutures, the introduction of specific functional biomolecules to polyesters has been attracting increasing attention within the past few years to afford polyester-based functional bioconjugates, which require certain synthesis strategies. Selected recent concepts for these covalent conjugations are summarized in this article in terms of the attachment of biological macromolecules as well as small bioactive drugs on polyesters. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Malte Winnacker. Covalent polyester-biomolecule conjugates: advances in their synthesis and applications in biomedicine and nanotechnology. Polymer International 2017, 66, 1747 -1755.
AMA StyleMalte Winnacker. Covalent polyester-biomolecule conjugates: advances in their synthesis and applications in biomedicine and nanotechnology. Polymer International. 2017; 66 (12):1747-1755.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMalte Winnacker. 2017. "Covalent polyester-biomolecule conjugates: advances in their synthesis and applications in biomedicine and nanotechnology." Polymer International 66, no. 12: 1747-1755.
Among a variety of SiNC functionalization methods, radical initiated grafting is very promising due to its straightforward nature and low propensity to form surface oligomers. In the present study, we employed in situ IR spectroscopy in combination with visible light transmittance measurements to investigate the radical induced grafting process on the well-defined SiNCs. Our findings support the proposed model: unfunctionalized hydride-terminated SiNCs form agglomerates in organic solvents, which break up during the grafting process. However, clearing of the dispersion is not a valid indicator for complete surface functionalization. Furthermore, radical-initiated grafting reactions in which azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) is the initiator are strongly influenced by external factors including initiator concentration, grafting temperature, as well as substrate steric demand. The monomer concentration was proven to have a low impact on the grafting process. Based on these new insights an underlying mechanism could be discussed, offering an unprecedented view on the functionalization of SiNC surfaces via radical initiated hydrosilylation.
Julian Kehrle; Simon Kaiser; Tapas K. Purkait; Malte Winnacker; Tobias Helbich; Sergei Vagin; Jonathan G. C. Veinot; Bernhard Rieger. In situ IR-spectroscopy as a tool for monitoring the radical hydrosilylation process on silicon nanocrystal surfaces. Nanoscale 2017, 9, 8489 -8495.
AMA StyleJulian Kehrle, Simon Kaiser, Tapas K. Purkait, Malte Winnacker, Tobias Helbich, Sergei Vagin, Jonathan G. C. Veinot, Bernhard Rieger. In situ IR-spectroscopy as a tool for monitoring the radical hydrosilylation process on silicon nanocrystal surfaces. Nanoscale. 2017; 9 (24):8489-8495.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJulian Kehrle; Simon Kaiser; Tapas K. Purkait; Malte Winnacker; Tobias Helbich; Sergei Vagin; Jonathan G. C. Veinot; Bernhard Rieger. 2017. "In situ IR-spectroscopy as a tool for monitoring the radical hydrosilylation process on silicon nanocrystal surfaces." Nanoscale 9, no. 24: 8489-8495.
Recent strategies for the applications of nylon composites, pristine nylons and chemically modified nylon polymers as biomaterials are elucidated.
Malte Winnacker. Polyamides and their functionalization: recent concepts for their applications as biomaterials. Biomaterials Science 2017, 5, 1230 -1235.
AMA StyleMalte Winnacker. Polyamides and their functionalization: recent concepts for their applications as biomaterials. Biomaterials Science. 2017; 5 (7):1230-1235.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMalte Winnacker. 2017. "Polyamides and their functionalization: recent concepts for their applications as biomaterials." Biomaterials Science 5, no. 7: 1230-1235.
A convenient synthesis of sustainable polyamides, which contain side groups and stereocenters, starting from the biobased small terpene β-pinene is reported. The polyamides, which are obtained via the pinene-based lactam via ring-opening polymerization, show excellent thermal properties, rendering this approach very interesting for the utilization of novel biobased and structurally significant high-performance polymers and materials. Polymer masses and yields are shown to be dependent on different parameters, and the stereoinformation of the lactam monomer can thus be transferred into the polymer chain. In addition, another lactam side product can also be transformed to polyamides.
Malte Winnacker; Jacob Sag; Andreas Tischner; Bernhard Rieger. Sustainable, Stereoregular, and Optically Active Polyamides via Cationic Polymerization of ε-Lactams Derived from the Terpene β-Pinene. Macromolecular Rapid Communications 2017, 38, 1 .
AMA StyleMalte Winnacker, Jacob Sag, Andreas Tischner, Bernhard Rieger. Sustainable, Stereoregular, and Optically Active Polyamides via Cationic Polymerization of ε-Lactams Derived from the Terpene β-Pinene. Macromolecular Rapid Communications. 2017; 38 (9):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMalte Winnacker; Jacob Sag; Andreas Tischner; Bernhard Rieger. 2017. "Sustainable, Stereoregular, and Optically Active Polyamides via Cationic Polymerization of ε-Lactams Derived from the Terpene β-Pinene." Macromolecular Rapid Communications 38, no. 9: 1.
Recent progress in polyesteramides, which are important polymers that can combine the properties of polyesters and polyamides, is described with a focus on synthesis and their application as biomaterials.
Malte Winnacker; Bernhard Rieger. Poly(ester amide)s: recent insights into synthesis, stability and biomedical applications. Polymer Chemistry 2016, 7, 7039 -7046.
AMA StyleMalte Winnacker, Bernhard Rieger. Poly(ester amide)s: recent insights into synthesis, stability and biomedical applications. Polymer Chemistry. 2016; 7 (46):7039-7046.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMalte Winnacker; Bernhard Rieger. 2016. "Poly(ester amide)s: recent insights into synthesis, stability and biomedical applications." Polymer Chemistry 7, no. 46: 7039-7046.
Copolymers of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and polyethylene glycols (PEGs) have gained high significance for biological and medical applications within the past few years. PHAs are natural biopolymers (hydrophobic biopolyesters), which can be produced microbially and also synthetically, and PEGs are biocompatible hydrophilic polyethers, which are frequently used in medicine to enhance the effect of bioactive compounds. Both polymers can be conjugated with a variety of other polymers, and in particular the conjugation with each other affords hydrophobic − hydrophilic PHA-PEG copolymers with high significance as biomaterials. This paper describes selected recent developments in this field with a focus on synthetic approaches and the suitability of the resulting copolymers for applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Malte Winnacker; Bernhard Rieger. Copolymers of polyhydroxyalkanoates and polyethylene glycols: recent advancements with biological and medical significance. Polymer International 2016, 66, 497 -503.
AMA StyleMalte Winnacker, Bernhard Rieger. Copolymers of polyhydroxyalkanoates and polyethylene glycols: recent advancements with biological and medical significance. Polymer International. 2016; 66 (4):497-503.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMalte Winnacker; Bernhard Rieger. 2016. "Copolymers of polyhydroxyalkanoates and polyethylene glycols: recent advancements with biological and medical significance." Polymer International 66, no. 4: 497-503.
Polyamides represent a very important class of polymers for a wide range of applications. After establishing in the 1930s with Nylon and Perlon, their impact on many branches has been continuously growing. In the context of developing sustainable polymers from renewable resources, many polyamides have meanwhile been described, which are based on natural building blocks. In addition to their sustainability, these biobased starting materials can provide special structural features to the resulting polymers and their properties, e.g., side groups, functionalities, or stereoinformation. While some biopolyamides are known for decades and well established (e.g., PA-11, Rilsan), many other promising candidates have been described in fundamental research studies, which have high potential but whose capability-especially for large scale and/or high-performance materials-will have to be proved in the future. Other candidates are very interesting from a scientific point of view, but with less potential for a market establishment due to price and/or feasibility reasons. This article aims at collating the recent developments in the field of biopolyamides and elucidating their properties and potential for different applications.
Malte Winnacker; Bernhard Rieger. Biobased Polyamides: Recent Advances in Basic and Applied Research. Macromolecular Rapid Communications 2016, 37, 1391 -1413.
AMA StyleMalte Winnacker, Bernhard Rieger. Biobased Polyamides: Recent Advances in Basic and Applied Research. Macromolecular Rapid Communications. 2016; 37 (17):1391-1413.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMalte Winnacker; Bernhard Rieger. 2016. "Biobased Polyamides: Recent Advances in Basic and Applied Research." Macromolecular Rapid Communications 37, no. 17: 1391-1413.
Back Cover: Sustainable polyamides with side groups and stereocenters are synthesized starting from L-menthone. This terpenoid ketone is transformed in a one-step synthesis into a chiral lactam, which is then polymerized via ring-opening polymerization (ROP). The beneficial properties of these polymers are thus introduced via the structure and chirality of the lactam monomer. Further details can be found in the article by M. Winnacker*, M. Neumeier, X. Zhang, C. M. Papadakis, and B. Rieger on page 851.
Malte Winnacker; Michael Neumeier; Xiaohan Zhang; Christine M. Papadakis; Bernhard Rieger. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 10/2016. Macromolecular Rapid Communications 2016, 37, 876 -876.
AMA StyleMalte Winnacker, Michael Neumeier, Xiaohan Zhang, Christine M. Papadakis, Bernhard Rieger. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 10/2016. Macromolecular Rapid Communications. 2016; 37 (10):876-876.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMalte Winnacker; Michael Neumeier; Xiaohan Zhang; Christine M. Papadakis; Bernhard Rieger. 2016. "Macromol. Rapid Commun. 10/2016." Macromolecular Rapid Communications 37, no. 10: 876-876.