Convexity is crucial in obtaining many forms of inequalities. As a result, there is a significant link between convexity and integral inequality. Due to the significance of these concepts, the purpose of this study is to introduce a new class of generalized convex interval-valued functions called LR-preinvex interval-valued functions (LR-preinvex I-V-Fs) and to establish Hermite–Hadamard type inequalities for LR-preinvex I-V-Fs using partial order relation (${\le }_p$). Furthermore, we demonstrate that our results include a large class of new and known inequalities for LR-preinvex interval-valued functions and their variant forms as special instances. Further, we give useful examples that demonstrate usefulness of the theory produced in this study. These findings and diverse approaches may pave the way for future research in fuzzy optimization, modeling, and interval-valued functions.

Since there is a clear correlation between poverty and corruption, mathematicians have been actively researching the concept of poverty and corruption in order to develop the optimal strategy of corruption control. This work aims to develop a mathematical model for the dynamics of poverty and corruption. First, we study and analyze the indicators of corruption and poverty rates by applying the linear model along with the Eviews program during the study period. Then, we present a prediction of poverty rates for 2023 and 2024 using the results of the standard problem-free model. Next, we formulate the model in the frame of Caputo fractional derivatives. Fundamental properties, including equilibrium points, basic reproduction number, and positive solutions of the considered model are obtained using nonlinear analysis. Sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of solutions are studied via using fixed point theory. Numerical analysis is performed by using modified Euler method. Moreover, results about Ulam-Hyers stability are also presented. The aforementioned results are presented graphically. In addition, a comparison with real data and simulated results is also given. Finally, we conclude the work by providing a brief conclusion.

Recently, some authors have proved monotonicity results for delta and nabla fractional differences separately. In this article, we use dual identities relating delta and nabla fractional difference operators to prove shortly the monotonicity properties for the (left Riemann) nabla fractional differences using the corresponding delta type properties. Also, we proved some monotonicity properties for the Caputo fractional differences. Finally, we use the Q??operator dual identities to prove monotonicity results for the right fractional difference operators.