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Dr. Veljko Prodanovic
Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 stormwater treatment
0 Vegetated water treatment technology
0 Greywater treatment
0 Stormwater quantity and quality modelling
0 Stormwater and greywater quality monitoring

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Journal article
Published: 13 December 2020 in Chemosphere
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Vegetated biofiltration systems (biofilters) are now a well-established technology for treatment of urban stormwater, typically showing high nutrient uptake. However, the impact of high temporal variability of rainfall events (further exacerbated by climate change) on nitrogen and phosphorus removal processes, within different biofiltration designs, is still unknown. Hence, a laboratory-based study was conducted to uncover mechanisms behind nutrient removal in biofilters across different drying and wetting regimes. Two sets of experimental columns were based on (1) the standard biofiltration design (unsaturated zone only), and (2) combination of unsaturated and saturated (submerged) zone (SZ) with additional carbon source. Columns were watered with synthetic stormwater according to three drying and wetting schemes, exploring 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7-week drying. Hydraulic performance, soil moisture and pollutant removal were monitored. The results show that hydraulic conductivity of SZ design experiences less change over time compared to standard design, due to slower media drying, crack formation and lower plant die-off. Varied drying lengths challenged both designs differently, with 2-week drying resulting in significant drop of performance across most pollutants in standard design (except ammonia), while SZ design was able to retain high performance for up to four weeks of drying, sustaining microbial and plant uptake. Increased oxygenation of SZ columns during short-term drying was beneficial for ammonia and phosphorus removal. While SZ design showed better performance and quicker recovery for nitrogen removal, in regions with inter-rain event shorter than two weeks, the standard design (no saturated zone, no carbon source) can achieve similar if not better results.

ACS Style

Yaron Zinger; Veljko Prodanovic; Kefeng Zhang; Tim D. Fletcher; Ana Deletic. The effect of intermittent drying and wetting stormwater cycles on the nutrient removal performances of two vegetated biofiltration designs. Chemosphere 2020, 267, 129294 .

AMA Style

Yaron Zinger, Veljko Prodanovic, Kefeng Zhang, Tim D. Fletcher, Ana Deletic. The effect of intermittent drying and wetting stormwater cycles on the nutrient removal performances of two vegetated biofiltration designs. Chemosphere. 2020; 267 ():129294.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yaron Zinger; Veljko Prodanovic; Kefeng Zhang; Tim D. Fletcher; Ana Deletic. 2020. "The effect of intermittent drying and wetting stormwater cycles on the nutrient removal performances of two vegetated biofiltration designs." Chemosphere 267, no. : 129294.

Journal article
Published: 24 July 2020 in Water Research
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Low energy and cost solutions are needed to combat raising water needs in urbanised areas and produce high quality recycled water. In this study, we investigated key processes that drive a unique greywater treatment train consisting of a passive green wall biofiltration system followed by disinfection using a Boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode with a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE). In both systems, the treatment was performed without any additional chemicals and pollutants of concern were monitored for process evaluation. The green wall system removed over 90% of turbidity, apparent colour, chemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon, and biological oxygen demand, and 1 log of E. coli and total coliforms, mostly through biological processes. The green wall effluent met several proposed greywater reuse guidelines, except for E. coli and total coliform treatment (below 10 MPN/100 mL). Further disinfection of treated greywater (contained 28 mg/L Cl¯ and electrical conductivity (EC) of 181.3 µS/cm) by electrolysis at current density 25 mA/cm2 inactivated over 3.5 logs of both E. coli and total coliforms, in 10 – 15 min of electrolysis, resulting in recycled water with less than 2 MPN/100 mL. A synergistic effect between electrochemically-generated free chlorines and reactive oxygen species contributed to the inactivation process. Although the treated water contained diluted chloride and had low EC, estimated energy consumption was just 0.63 – 0.83 kWh/m3. This is the first study to show the effectiveness of a low energy and a low cost greywater treatment train that combines green urban infrastructure with BDD electrochemical treatment process with SPE, offering a reliable and an environmentally-friendly method for greywater reuse.

ACS Style

Belal Bakheet; Veljko Prodanovic; Ana Deletic; David McCarthy. Effective treatment of greywater via green wall biofiltration and electrochemical disinfection. Water Research 2020, 185, 116228 .

AMA Style

Belal Bakheet, Veljko Prodanovic, Ana Deletic, David McCarthy. Effective treatment of greywater via green wall biofiltration and electrochemical disinfection. Water Research. 2020; 185 ():116228.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Belal Bakheet; Veljko Prodanovic; Ana Deletic; David McCarthy. 2020. "Effective treatment of greywater via green wall biofiltration and electrochemical disinfection." Water Research 185, no. : 116228.

Journal article
Published: 02 March 2020 in Journal of Environmental Management
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Green walls that effectively treat greywater have the potential to become a part of the solution for the issues of water scarcity and pollution control in our cities. To develop reliable and efficient designs of such systems, the following two research questions were addressed: what would be the optimal design of a green wall for greywater treatment, and how tall should the system be to assure adequate treatment. This paper reports on (i) a long-term pollutant removal comparison study of two typical green wall configurations: pot and block designs, and (ii) a short-term profile study exploring pollutant retention at different heights of a three-level green wall, across different plant species. Removal of suspended solids (TSS), nitrogen (TN), phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and Escherichia coli was tested, as well as various physical parameters. Pot and block designs were found to exhibit similar pollutant removal performance for standard and high inflow concentrations, while the block design was more resistant to drying. However, due to its multiple practical advantages, pot designs are favoured. The greatest removal was achieved within the top green wall level for all studied pollutants, while subsequent levels facilitated further removal of TSS, COD, and TN. Interestingly, colour, pH, and EC increased after each green wall level, which must be taken into account to determine the maximum height of these systems. The optimal size of the system was found to be dependent on plant species choice. The results were used to create practical recommendations for the effective design of greywater treatment green walls.

ACS Style

Veljko Prodanovic; Belinda Hatt; David McCarthy; Ana Deletic. Green wall height and design optimisation for effective greywater pollution treatment and reuse. Journal of Environmental Management 2020, 261, 110173 .

AMA Style

Veljko Prodanovic, Belinda Hatt, David McCarthy, Ana Deletic. Green wall height and design optimisation for effective greywater pollution treatment and reuse. Journal of Environmental Management. 2020; 261 ():110173.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Veljko Prodanovic; Belinda Hatt; David McCarthy; Ana Deletic. 2020. "Green wall height and design optimisation for effective greywater pollution treatment and reuse." Journal of Environmental Management 261, no. : 110173.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2020 in Blue-Green Systems
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Historic relationships between communities and waterscapes are complex and often explained solely in technical terms. There is a key need to understand how human-centered developments have shifted the use of river spaces over time, and how these changes reflect on the values of rivers and surrounding cultures. In this paper, we develop a critical analysis of the historically changing relationship between urban communities and water infrastructures using the Georges River catchment in Sydney, Australia. Our focus was on bringing together past and current perspectives, engaging with the formation of diverse hydrosocial behaviors entangled with water infrastructures. Using post-settlement historical documents, maps, journals, and newspaper articles, we trace shifts in hydrosocial perspectives over time, mapping six distinct historic phases. In our study, we offer a shift from the main paradigms currently influencing the development of urban water infrastructures, moving away from the dominant technical propositions of systems designed purely for the management and treatment of stormwater. Drawing on our analysis, we propose a new urban water design concept: Culturally Inclusive Water Urban Design (CIWUD). This presents an advancement on current framework to include a consideration of people's connections and uses of urban waterscapes, as well as a shift towards democratic space design.

ACS Style

Taylor Coyne; Maria De Lourdes Melo Zurita; David Reid; Veljko Prodanovic. Culturally inclusive water urban design: a critical history of hydrosocial infrastructures in Southern Sydney, Australia. Blue-Green Systems 2020, 2, 364 -382.

AMA Style

Taylor Coyne, Maria De Lourdes Melo Zurita, David Reid, Veljko Prodanovic. Culturally inclusive water urban design: a critical history of hydrosocial infrastructures in Southern Sydney, Australia. Blue-Green Systems. 2020; 2 (1):364-382.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Taylor Coyne; Maria De Lourdes Melo Zurita; David Reid; Veljko Prodanovic. 2020. "Culturally inclusive water urban design: a critical history of hydrosocial infrastructures in Southern Sydney, Australia." Blue-Green Systems 2, no. 1: 364-382.

Journal article
Published: 17 September 2019 in Water Research
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Green walls are becoming a popular infrastructure choice in densely built urban environments, due to their multiple benefits. However, high and vastly variable water requirements of these systems are preventing their further widespread. Only a small number of studies have investigated water needs of green walls, even though this can help to design more optimal systems with increased benefits. Additionally, the knowledge on interactions between plant uptake and climate conditions (temperature and humidity) is lacking. The aim of this study was to understand daily water requirements of five plant species (C. appressa, N. obliterata, L. muscari, M. parvifolium and O. japonicus) used in greywater treating green walls, across different seasons, temperature, and humidity conditions of temperate-oceanic climate (common in parts of Australia, US and Europe). The results showed that during summer, dominant water uptake processes were plant uptake and transpiration, resulting in three to four times higher water needs than during winter, when evaporation is a major effect. Top levels of the multi-level green wall exhibited significantly higher plant activity compared to bottom levels, showing four times greater water uptake. Temperature and humidity changes during winter caused the change in water uptake of plants, pointing to different growing and activity patterns of tested plants. During summer only N. obliterata showed temperature and humidity dependence. Annual plant water uptake and other practical recommendations are given based on the results. Even though this study focused on water requirements of greywater treating green walls, its findings can also inform traditional green wall designs.

ACS Style

Veljko Prodanovic; Ankun Wang; Ana Deletic. Assessing water retention and correlation to climate conditions of five plant species in greywater treating green walls. Water Research 2019, 167, 115092 .

AMA Style

Veljko Prodanovic, Ankun Wang, Ana Deletic. Assessing water retention and correlation to climate conditions of five plant species in greywater treating green walls. Water Research. 2019; 167 ():115092.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Veljko Prodanovic; Ankun Wang; Ana Deletic. 2019. "Assessing water retention and correlation to climate conditions of five plant species in greywater treating green walls." Water Research 167, no. : 115092.

Journal article
Published: 27 February 2019 in Ecological Engineering
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Green walls, installed on the side of the buildings, mainly for their aesthetics and micro climate benefits, could become effective on-site greywater treatment solutions. However, far more research is needed to convert these nature-based systems into low-cost water purification technologies. This process study presents the first step in development of greywater-treating green walls by examining how variation in plant spaces and operational conditions (hydraulic loading rate, inflow concentrations and intermittent drying) influence nutrient removal from light greywater. The experiment was conducted over 12 months on a large-scale pilot green wall located in a laboratory in Melbourne, Australia. The results showed that ornamental plant species can successfully adapt to greywater only irrigation regime and play an important role in nitrogen and phosphorus uptake from greywater. Higher performing plants, C. appressa, N. obliterate, M. parvifolium and L. muscari, had on average 7–10% higher TN removal than unvegetated configuration (over 88% removal overall), which is attributed to consistently high NOx uptake. On the other hand, poorer performing plants O. japonicus, P. occidentalis and N. officinale tended to leach NOx, likely due to their shallow or slow developing root systems. While low retention times hindered high TP removal from all tested configurations, high dependency on plant species and operational conditions was still observed, with C. appressa and N. obliterata being the two highest performing plants (34–53% removal during standard operation). The overall phosphorus uptake was found to improve over time, suggesting that plant growth is a significant TP removal mechanism in green walls. While drying caused a performance drop for all designs, higher performing plant species were less affected by changes in operational conditions. The tested configurations showed good resilience to sudden inflow concentration increases, suggesting green walls could be used as a robust and aesthetically attractive on-site greywater treatment system.

ACS Style

Veljko Prodanovic; David McCarthy; Belinda Hatt; Ana Deletic. Designing green walls for greywater treatment: The role of plants and operational factors on nutrient removal. Ecological Engineering 2019, 130, 184 -195.

AMA Style

Veljko Prodanovic, David McCarthy, Belinda Hatt, Ana Deletic. Designing green walls for greywater treatment: The role of plants and operational factors on nutrient removal. Ecological Engineering. 2019; 130 ():184-195.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Veljko Prodanovic; David McCarthy; Belinda Hatt; Ana Deletic. 2019. "Designing green walls for greywater treatment: The role of plants and operational factors on nutrient removal." Ecological Engineering 130, no. : 184-195.

Conference paper
Published: 01 September 2018 in Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions
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Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) is commonly employed to restore urban water systems back to pre-developed conditions and can provide multiple benefits. However, WSUD planning is a challenging task that involves multidisciplinary effort to deal with highly complex and uncertain futures. Hence, an integrated approach is required to address this task with a high level of scientific rigour. This paper introduces an integrated modelling tool – UrbanBEATS (Urban Biophysical Environments And Technologies Simulator) which supports the planning and development of sustainable urban water strategies. Initially developed to plan WSUD stormwater infrastructure for management of runoff, pollution and stormwater harvesting, UrbanBEATS’ ecosystem is currently being extended and includes, among others, three new modules, which are introduced in this paper: (1) uptake, needs and suitability assessment module for simulating the behaviour of the main actors in urban stormwater management to assess uptake, suitability and needs for WSUD technologies; (2) mapping of water pollution emissions, linking detailed information of the urban form and land use with stormwater pollution algorithms (allowing identification of pollution hotspots within the catchment to guide pollution management strategies); and (3) a novel cellular automata fast flood evaluation model known as CA-ffé for the rapid prediction of inundation extent, depths and flood risks in urban areas (including assessment of the WSUD benefits for reducing flood damages).

ACS Style

Ana Deletic; Kefeng Zhang; Behzad Jamali; Adam Charette-Castonguay; Martijn Kuller; Veljko Prodanovic; Peter M. Bach. Modelling to Support the Planning of Sustainable Urban Water Systems. Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions 2018, 10 -19.

AMA Style

Ana Deletic, Kefeng Zhang, Behzad Jamali, Adam Charette-Castonguay, Martijn Kuller, Veljko Prodanovic, Peter M. Bach. Modelling to Support the Planning of Sustainable Urban Water Systems. Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions. 2018; ():10-19.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Deletic; Kefeng Zhang; Behzad Jamali; Adam Charette-Castonguay; Martijn Kuller; Veljko Prodanovic; Peter M. Bach. 2018. "Modelling to Support the Planning of Sustainable Urban Water Systems." Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions , no. : 10-19.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2018 in Building and Environment
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ACS Style

Veljko Prodanovic; Kefeng Zhang; Belinda Hatt; David McCarthy; Ana Deletic. Optimisation of lightweight green wall media for greywater treatment and reuse. Building and Environment 2018, 131, 99 -107.

AMA Style

Veljko Prodanovic, Kefeng Zhang, Belinda Hatt, David McCarthy, Ana Deletic. Optimisation of lightweight green wall media for greywater treatment and reuse. Building and Environment. 2018; 131 ():99-107.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Veljko Prodanovic; Kefeng Zhang; Belinda Hatt; David McCarthy; Ana Deletic. 2018. "Optimisation of lightweight green wall media for greywater treatment and reuse." Building and Environment 131, no. : 99-107.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2017 in Ecological Engineering
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ACS Style

Veljko Prodanovic; Belinda Hatt; David McCarthy; Kefeng Zhang; Ana Deletic. Green walls for greywater reuse: Understanding the role of media on pollutant removal. Ecological Engineering 2017, 102, 625 -635.

AMA Style

Veljko Prodanovic, Belinda Hatt, David McCarthy, Kefeng Zhang, Ana Deletic. Green walls for greywater reuse: Understanding the role of media on pollutant removal. Ecological Engineering. 2017; 102 ():625-635.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Veljko Prodanovic; Belinda Hatt; David McCarthy; Kefeng Zhang; Ana Deletic. 2017. "Green walls for greywater reuse: Understanding the role of media on pollutant removal." Ecological Engineering 102, no. : 625-635.