Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a treatment modality for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Dextrose is a common osmotic agent used in PD solutions and its absorption may exacerbate diabetes mellitus, a common complication of ESRD. PD solutions also contain glucose degradation products (GDPs) that may lead to encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS), a severe complication of PD. A previous study showed that far-infrared (FIR) therapy improved a patient’s gastrointestinal symptoms due to EPS. Due to limited literature on the matter, this study aims to investigate dialysate GDPs and peritoneal function in diabetic patients on PD. Thirty-one PD patients were enrolled and underwent 40 min of FIR therapy twice daily for six months. We demonstrated the effect of FIR therapy on the following: (1) decrease of methylglyoxal (p = 0.02), furfural (p = 0.005), and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (p = 0.03), (2) increase of D/D0 glucose ratio (p = 0.03), and (3) decrease of potassium levels (p = 0.008) in both DM and non-DM patients, as well as (4) maintenance and increase of peritoneal Kt/V in DM and non-DM patients, respectively (p = 0.03). FIR therapy is a non-invasive intervention that can decrease dialysate GDPs in PD patients by improving peritoneal transport rate and solute removal clearance, while also maintaining dialysis adequacy.

Background/Objectives: Many chronic diseases, including cancer, can be developed in conjunction with excessive intracellular oxidative stress and persistent inflammation. The importance of preventive strategies is highlighted by the potential of phytochemical interventions to mitigate these diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate how Citrus depressa leaf (CDL) extracts can prevent 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced carcinogenesis in JB6 P+ mouse skin epidermal cells. Methods: CDL extracts were prepared and characterized for their phenolic and flavonoid contents. Effects of the potent extract on cell viability, TPA-induced colony formation, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2)-related protein and mRNA expression, mediated by epigenetic modifications, were evaluated in JB6 P+ cells. Results: Both the water extract (CDL-WE) and the 95% ethanol extract (CDL-95EE) contain abundant flavonoids that inhibit TPA-induced cell transformation and colony formation without minimal cytotoxicity. Mechanistic studies indicated that CDL-95EE increased the gene expression of Nrf2-related detoxification and antioxidant enzymes, such as UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A (UGT1A) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and decreased intracellular ROS accumulation. Furthermore, CDL-95EE reduced the expression of epigenetic modifiers, including DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), suggesting involvement in epigenetic regulation. Conclusions: These findings indicate that CDL, an agricultural by-product, may be useful in cancer prevention through antioxidant and epigenetic mechanisms.

Many chronic diseases, including cancer, can be developed in conjunction with excessive intracellular oxidative stress and persistent inflammation. The importance of preventive strategies is highlighted by the potential of phytochemical interventions to mitigate these diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate how Citrus depressa leaf (CDL) extracts can prevent TPA-induced carcinogenesis in mouse JB6 P+ skin epidermal cells. Both the water extract (CDL-WE) and the 95% ethanol extract (CDL-95EE) contain abundant flavonoids that inhibit TPA-induced cell transformation and colony formation without minimal cytotoxicity. Mechanistic studies indicated that CDL-95EE increased the gene expression of Nrf2-related detoxification and antioxidant enzymes such as UGT1A and HO-1, and decreased the accumulation of intracellular ROS. Furthermore, CDL-95EE also reduced the expression of epigenetic modifiers, including DNA and histone deacetylases (HDACs), suggesting that it is involved in epigenetic regulation. These findings indicate that CDL, an agricultural by-product, may be useful in cancer prevention through antioxidant and epigenetic mechanisms.