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Christine Waigl
Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA

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Journal article
Published: 27 April 2021 in Remote Sensing
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Alaska has witnessed a significant increase in wildfire events in recent decades that have been linked to drier and warmer summers. Forest fuel maps play a vital role in wildfire management and risk assessment. Freely available multispectral datasets are widely used for land use and land cover mapping, but they have limited utility for fuel mapping due to their coarse spectral resolution. Hyperspectral datasets have a high spectral resolution, ideal for detailed fuel mapping, but they are limited and expensive to acquire. This study simulates hyperspectral data from Sentinel-2 multispectral data using the spectral response function of the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) sensor, and normalized ground spectra of gravel, birch, and spruce. We used the Uniform Pattern Decomposition Method (UPDM) for spectral unmixing, which is a sensor-independent method, where each pixel is expressed as the linear sum of standard reference spectra. The simulated hyperspectral data have spectral characteristics of AVIRIS-NG and the reflectance properties of Sentinel-2 data. We validated the simulated spectra by visually and statistically comparing it with real AVIRIS-NG data. We observed a high correlation between the spectra of tree classes collected from AVIRIS-NG and simulated hyperspectral data. Upon performing species level classification, we achieved a classification accuracy of 89% for the simulated hyperspectral data, which is better than the accuracy of Sentinel-2 data (77.8%). We generated a fuel map from the simulated hyperspectral image using the Random Forest classifier. Our study demonstrated that low-cost and high-quality hyperspectral data can be generated from Sentinel-2 data using UPDM for improved land cover and vegetation mapping in the boreal forest.

ACS Style

Anushree Badola; Santosh Panda; Dar Roberts; Christine Waigl; Uma Bhatt; Christopher Smith; Randi Jandt. Hyperspectral Data Simulation (Sentinel-2 to AVIRIS-NG) for Improved Wildfire Fuel Mapping, Boreal Alaska. Remote Sensing 2021, 13, 1693 .

AMA Style

Anushree Badola, Santosh Panda, Dar Roberts, Christine Waigl, Uma Bhatt, Christopher Smith, Randi Jandt. Hyperspectral Data Simulation (Sentinel-2 to AVIRIS-NG) for Improved Wildfire Fuel Mapping, Boreal Alaska. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13 (9):1693.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anushree Badola; Santosh Panda; Dar Roberts; Christine Waigl; Uma Bhatt; Christopher Smith; Randi Jandt. 2021. "Hyperspectral Data Simulation (Sentinel-2 to AVIRIS-NG) for Improved Wildfire Fuel Mapping, Boreal Alaska." Remote Sensing 13, no. 9: 1693.

Journal article
Published: 17 January 2021 in Land
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The late-season extreme fire activity in Southcentral Alaska during 2019 was highly unusual and consequential. Firefighting operations had to be extended by a month in 2019 due to the extreme conditions of hot summer temperature and prolonged drought. The ongoing fires created poor air quality in the region containing most of Alaska’s population, leading to substantial impacts to public health. Suppression costs totaled over $70 million for Southcentral Alaska. This study’s main goals are to place the 2019 season into historical context, provide an attribution analysis, and assess future changes in wildfire risk in the region. The primary tools are meteorological observations and climate model simulations from the NCAR CESM Large Ensemble (LENS). The 2019 fire season in Southcentral Alaska included the hottest and driest June–August season over the 1979–2019 period. The LENS simulation analysis suggests that the anthropogenic signal of increased fire risk had not yet emerged in 2019 because of the CESM’s internal variability, but that the anthropogenic signal will emerge by the 2040–80 period. The effect of warming temperatures dominates the effect of enhanced precipitation in the trend towards increased fire risk.

ACS Style

Uma S. Bhatt; Rick T. Lader; John E. Walsh; Peter A. Bieniek; Richard Thoman; Matthew Berman; Cecilia Borries-Strigle; Kristi Bulock; Jonathan Chriest; Micah Hahn; Amy S. Hendricks; Randi Jandt; Joseph Little; Daniel McEvoy; Chris Moore; T. Scott Rupp; Jennifer Schmidt; Eric Stevens; Heidi Strader; Christine Waigl; James White; Alison York; Robert Ziel. Emerging Anthropogenic Influences on the Southcentral Alaska Temperature and Precipitation Extremes and Related Fires in 2019. Land 2021, 10, 82 .

AMA Style

Uma S. Bhatt, Rick T. Lader, John E. Walsh, Peter A. Bieniek, Richard Thoman, Matthew Berman, Cecilia Borries-Strigle, Kristi Bulock, Jonathan Chriest, Micah Hahn, Amy S. Hendricks, Randi Jandt, Joseph Little, Daniel McEvoy, Chris Moore, T. Scott Rupp, Jennifer Schmidt, Eric Stevens, Heidi Strader, Christine Waigl, James White, Alison York, Robert Ziel. Emerging Anthropogenic Influences on the Southcentral Alaska Temperature and Precipitation Extremes and Related Fires in 2019. Land. 2021; 10 (1):82.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Uma S. Bhatt; Rick T. Lader; John E. Walsh; Peter A. Bieniek; Richard Thoman; Matthew Berman; Cecilia Borries-Strigle; Kristi Bulock; Jonathan Chriest; Micah Hahn; Amy S. Hendricks; Randi Jandt; Joseph Little; Daniel McEvoy; Chris Moore; T. Scott Rupp; Jennifer Schmidt; Eric Stevens; Heidi Strader; Christine Waigl; James White; Alison York; Robert Ziel. 2021. "Emerging Anthropogenic Influences on the Southcentral Alaska Temperature and Precipitation Extremes and Related Fires in 2019." Land 10, no. 1: 82.

Journal article
Published: 23 May 2019 in International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
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Infrared imaging spectrometers are used to map and characterize wildland fire based on their sensitivity to fire-emitted thermal radiation and ability to resolve spectral emission or absorption features. There is a general paucity of research on the use of space-borne imaging spectroscopy to study active fires in the North American boreal forest. We used hyperspectral data acquired by the Hyperion sensor on the EO-1 satellite over three wildfires in Alaska's boreal forest to evaluate three fire detection methods: a metric to detect an emission feature from potassium emitted by biomass burning; a continuum-interpolated band ratio (CIBR) that measures the depth of a carbon dioxide absorption line at 2010 nm; and the Hyperspectral Fire Detection Index (HFDI), which is a normalized difference index based on spectral radiance in the short-wave infrared range. We found that a modified version of the HFDI produces a well-defined map of the active fire areas. The CO2 CIBR, though affected by sensor noise and smoke, contributes a slight improvement to the fire detection performance when combined with HFDI-type indices. In contrast, detecting a fire signal from potassium emission was not reliably possible in a practically useful way. We furthermore retrieved fire temperatures by modeling the at-sensor radiance as a linear mixture of two emitted and two reflected spectral radiance endmembers. High-temperature fire areas (the high-intensity fire front, modeled at 800–900 K) and low-temperature combustion (residual fire at 500–600 K), were mapped. High-temperature burning areas as small as half a percent of a Hyperion pixel (approx. 5 m2) were detectable. These techniques are of potential interest for fire characterization in the boreal areas of the circumpolar North using current and future satellite-borne imaging spectrometers.

ACS Style

Christine F. Waigl; Anupma Prakash; Martin Stuefer; David Verbyla; Philip Dennison. Fire detection and temperature retrieval using EO-1 Hyperion data over selected Alaskan boreal forest fires. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 2019, 81, 72 -84.

AMA Style

Christine F. Waigl, Anupma Prakash, Martin Stuefer, David Verbyla, Philip Dennison. Fire detection and temperature retrieval using EO-1 Hyperion data over selected Alaskan boreal forest fires. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. 2019; 81 ():72-84.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christine F. Waigl; Anupma Prakash; Martin Stuefer; David Verbyla; Philip Dennison. 2019. "Fire detection and temperature retrieval using EO-1 Hyperion data over selected Alaskan boreal forest fires." International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 81, no. : 72-84.

Chapter
Published: 01 January 2018 in Interdisciplinary Approaches to Spatial Optimization Issues
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For new generations of citizens in all countries, a level of proficiency in geospatial concepts and skills will be required to realize the potential of professional and developmental opportunities. The teaching of geospatial skills links into traditional science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) curriculum objectives, community-wide concerns and initiatives, and global citizenship. Therefore, by the pre-university and undergraduate level, it is desirable for each student to have acquired such competencies. Free and open-source tools that are accessible and affordable in most areas of the world, along with data availability, offer an opportunity to support teaching such a curriculum. Here, core geospatial concepts are introduced, along with available data and tools. Then, using three scenarios, it is shown how the core concepts can be applied to different settings for educational purposes.

ACS Style

Derek Starkenburg; Christine F. Waigl; Rudiger Gens. Nurturing a Geospatially Empowered Next Generation. Interdisciplinary Approaches to Spatial Optimization Issues 2018, 50 -72.

AMA Style

Derek Starkenburg, Christine F. Waigl, Rudiger Gens. Nurturing a Geospatially Empowered Next Generation. Interdisciplinary Approaches to Spatial Optimization Issues. 2018; ():50-72.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Derek Starkenburg; Christine F. Waigl; Rudiger Gens. 2018. "Nurturing a Geospatially Empowered Next Generation." Interdisciplinary Approaches to Spatial Optimization Issues , no. : 50-72.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2017 in Remote Sensing of Environment
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ACS Style

Christine F. Waigl; Martin Stuefer; Anupma Prakash; Charles Ichoku. Detecting high and low-intensity fires in Alaska using VIIRS I-band data: An improved operational approach for high latitudes. Remote Sensing of Environment 2017, 199, 389 -400.

AMA Style

Christine F. Waigl, Martin Stuefer, Anupma Prakash, Charles Ichoku. Detecting high and low-intensity fires in Alaska using VIIRS I-band data: An improved operational approach for high latitudes. Remote Sensing of Environment. 2017; 199 ():389-400.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christine F. Waigl; Martin Stuefer; Anupma Prakash; Charles Ichoku. 2017. "Detecting high and low-intensity fires in Alaska using VIIRS I-band data: An improved operational approach for high latitudes." Remote Sensing of Environment 199, no. : 389-400.

Book chapter
Published: 01 January 2015 in Coal and Peat Fires: A Global Perspective
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ACS Style

Harold W. Aurand; Norman Bainbridge (Late); Melissa A. Nolter; Dmitriy I. Belakovsky; Günter Blaß; Boris Khesin (Late); Grażyna Bzowska (Professor Emeritus); John Carras; Justyna Ciesielczuk; Stuart Day; Bertrand Devouard; Zuze Dulanya; Zdenek Dvorak; Aaron Eckert; Christiane Eytier; Jean-Robert Eytier; Monika Fabiańska; Georges Favreau; Martin Feinendegen; Akida Ferguson; Deolinda Flores; Irina Galuskina; Evgeny Galuskin; Rahul D. Garg; Trent M. Garrison; Mariusz Gardocki; Pierre Gatel; Celeste Gomes; Nancy Lindsley-Griffin; Kevin R. Henke; James C. Hower; Sonia Itkis; Hendrix Kaonga; Jennifer M.K. O’Keefe; Magdalena Misz-Kennan; Svetlana N. Kokh; Uwe Kolitsch; Łukasz Kruszewski; Sylvia Kürten; Claudia Kuenzer; William Lilley; Yves Noël; Sophia A. Novikova; Igor S. Novikov; Marcos L.S. Oliveira; Helena Sant’Ovaia; Vyacheslav Palchik; Hina Pande; Mariusz Paszkowski; Vyacheslav F. Pavlov; Anupma Prakash; Joana Ribeiro; Clive Roberts; Abouna Saghafi; Paul A. Schroeder; Amit K. Sen; Victor V. Sharygin; Luis F.O. Silva; Roman Skála; Ellina V. Sokol; Manuel David Soto; Glenn B. Stracher; Martin Stuefer; Adam Tabor; Vincent Thiery; Alexey V. Travin; Franco Urbani; Daniel H. Vice; Jonathan Vigier; Christine F. Waigl; Colin Ward; Yelena White; David Williams; Thomas Witzke; Frank De Wit; Yevgeny Vapnik; Vladimír Žáček. List of Contributors. Coal and Peat Fires: A Global Perspective 2015, 1 .

AMA Style

Harold W. Aurand, Norman Bainbridge (Late), Melissa A. Nolter, Dmitriy I. Belakovsky, Günter Blaß, Boris Khesin (Late), Grażyna Bzowska (Professor Emeritus), John Carras, Justyna Ciesielczuk, Stuart Day, Bertrand Devouard, Zuze Dulanya, Zdenek Dvorak, Aaron Eckert, Christiane Eytier, Jean-Robert Eytier, Monika Fabiańska, Georges Favreau, Martin Feinendegen, Akida Ferguson, Deolinda Flores, Irina Galuskina, Evgeny Galuskin, Rahul D. Garg, Trent M. Garrison, Mariusz Gardocki, Pierre Gatel, Celeste Gomes, Nancy Lindsley-Griffin, Kevin R. Henke, James C. Hower, Sonia Itkis, Hendrix Kaonga, Jennifer M.K. O’Keefe, Magdalena Misz-Kennan, Svetlana N. Kokh, Uwe Kolitsch, Łukasz Kruszewski, Sylvia Kürten, Claudia Kuenzer, William Lilley, Yves Noël, Sophia A. Novikova, Igor S. Novikov, Marcos L.S. Oliveira, Helena Sant’Ovaia, Vyacheslav Palchik, Hina Pande, Mariusz Paszkowski, Vyacheslav F. Pavlov, Anupma Prakash, Joana Ribeiro, Clive Roberts, Abouna Saghafi, Paul A. Schroeder, Amit K. Sen, Victor V. Sharygin, Luis F.O. Silva, Roman Skála, Ellina V. Sokol, Manuel David Soto, Glenn B. Stracher, Martin Stuefer, Adam Tabor, Vincent Thiery, Alexey V. Travin, Franco Urbani, Daniel H. Vice, Jonathan Vigier, Christine F. Waigl, Colin Ward, Yelena White, David Williams, Thomas Witzke, Frank De Wit, Yevgeny Vapnik, Vladimír Žáček. List of Contributors. Coal and Peat Fires: A Global Perspective. 2015; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Harold W. Aurand; Norman Bainbridge (Late); Melissa A. Nolter; Dmitriy I. Belakovsky; Günter Blaß; Boris Khesin (Late); Grażyna Bzowska (Professor Emeritus); John Carras; Justyna Ciesielczuk; Stuart Day; Bertrand Devouard; Zuze Dulanya; Zdenek Dvorak; Aaron Eckert; Christiane Eytier; Jean-Robert Eytier; Monika Fabiańska; Georges Favreau; Martin Feinendegen; Akida Ferguson; Deolinda Flores; Irina Galuskina; Evgeny Galuskin; Rahul D. Garg; Trent M. Garrison; Mariusz Gardocki; Pierre Gatel; Celeste Gomes; Nancy Lindsley-Griffin; Kevin R. Henke; James C. Hower; Sonia Itkis; Hendrix Kaonga; Jennifer M.K. O’Keefe; Magdalena Misz-Kennan; Svetlana N. Kokh; Uwe Kolitsch; Łukasz Kruszewski; Sylvia Kürten; Claudia Kuenzer; William Lilley; Yves Noël; Sophia A. Novikova; Igor S. Novikov; Marcos L.S. Oliveira; Helena Sant’Ovaia; Vyacheslav Palchik; Hina Pande; Mariusz Paszkowski; Vyacheslav F. Pavlov; Anupma Prakash; Joana Ribeiro; Clive Roberts; Abouna Saghafi; Paul A. Schroeder; Amit K. Sen; Victor V. Sharygin; Luis F.O. Silva; Roman Skála; Ellina V. Sokol; Manuel David Soto; Glenn B. Stracher; Martin Stuefer; Adam Tabor; Vincent Thiery; Alexey V. Travin; Franco Urbani; Daniel H. Vice; Jonathan Vigier; Christine F. Waigl; Colin Ward; Yelena White; David Williams; Thomas Witzke; Frank De Wit; Yevgeny Vapnik; Vladimír Žáček. 2015. "List of Contributors." Coal and Peat Fires: A Global Perspective , no. : 1.