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Leire Gartzia, Ph.D. in Organizational Psychology, is professor of Leadership and Change Management at Deusto Business School. She completed a postdoctoral fellowship on gender in management at Northwestern University and has been involved in several projects about leadership and career development of women at various business schools. Her research about managerial progression and effectiveness from a gender perspective has been recognized by international awards in Gender Studies. Next to her academic activities, she has combined research with the business world, giving lectures and courses about organizational behavior and gender in management to employees and managers.
Drawing on Affective Events Theory and a sample of 112 matched manager-employee dyads involved in failed corporate entrepreneurial projects, we develop and test a model of when and how managerial leadership can foster high employee performance in their subsequent endeavors. Through path analysis modeling, we show that perceptions of supportive managerial leadership behaviors can limit the detrimental effects of recalled negative emotions from prior project failures on employee job satisfaction, and through job satisfaction, on employee performance. However, the benefits of supportive managerial leadership behaviors dissipate with more time since the project has failed.
Holger Patzelt; Leire Gartzia; Marcus T. Wolfe; Dean A. Shepherd. Managing negative emotions from entrepreneurial project failure: When and how does supportive leadership help employees? Journal of Business Venturing 2021, 36, 106129 .
AMA StyleHolger Patzelt, Leire Gartzia, Marcus T. Wolfe, Dean A. Shepherd. Managing negative emotions from entrepreneurial project failure: When and how does supportive leadership help employees? Journal of Business Venturing. 2021; 36 (5):106129.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHolger Patzelt; Leire Gartzia; Marcus T. Wolfe; Dean A. Shepherd. 2021. "Managing negative emotions from entrepreneurial project failure: When and how does supportive leadership help employees?" Journal of Business Venturing 36, no. 5: 106129.
Critical to social sustainability and organizations’ growth, at present, is gender equality. Yet, egalitarian principles are difficult to apply in the practice, particularly in private firms. Acknowledging previous calls that research should respond to these concerns and support practitioners, we provide a theory-grounded conceptual framework to address change management in this field, aimed at providing applicable guidelines in the organizational practice. Integrating utilitarian and social justice perspectives about gender action, we call for multi-agent collaboration involving coordinated action from policymakers, private firms and gender experts. We provide an overview of how public policies and legislation guide organizational action by providing key statutory norms and procedures. We then address the relevance of organizational commitment and the alignment of gender goals with the organizational strategy and decision-making, involving managers. Finally, we underscore the benefits of implementing evidence-based action based on academic and consultancy collaboration. The implementation of these principles is illustrated with a multi-agent practice developed in the Basque Country (Spain) between gender equality change agents, suited to apply academic principles to real-world organizational practices. Recommendations for gender equality and corporate social action are provided.
Leire Gartzia. Gender Equality in Business Action: A Multi-Agent Change Management Approach. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6209 .
AMA StyleLeire Gartzia. Gender Equality in Business Action: A Multi-Agent Change Management Approach. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):6209.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeire Gartzia. 2021. "Gender Equality in Business Action: A Multi-Agent Change Management Approach." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6209.
Corrigendum: Emotional Androgyny: A Preventive Factor of Psychosocial Risks at Work?
Leire Gartzia; Jon Pizarro; Josune Baniandres. Corrigendum: Emotional Androgyny: A Preventive Factor of Psychosocial Risks at Work? Frontiers in Psychology 2019, 10, 1 .
AMA StyleLeire Gartzia, Jon Pizarro, Josune Baniandres. Corrigendum: Emotional Androgyny: A Preventive Factor of Psychosocial Risks at Work? Frontiers in Psychology. 2019; 10 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeire Gartzia; Jon Pizarro; Josune Baniandres. 2019. "Corrigendum: Emotional Androgyny: A Preventive Factor of Psychosocial Risks at Work?" Frontiers in Psychology 10, no. : 1.
We address complexities on gender role theory and trait analyses of leadership to explain how sex and gender interrelate to produce asymmetric effects on different leadership outcomes (i.e., positive attitudes vs. evaluations). In three studies across different set-ups, gender traits demonstrated incremental validity over sex on employees' positive attitudes (e.g., satisfaction, loyalty). For evaluations (e.g., perceived effectiveness), gender traits had generally weaker effects and in some cases predicted effectiveness more for stereotypical leaders, in line with role-congruency predictions. Penalties for counter-stereotypical behavior were weaker for female than male actual leaders, pointing to mitigated effects of role congruity prescriptions on female leaders´ evaluations. Remarkably, agency did not correlate more strongly than communion with any leadership effect. These findings underscore the relevance of (female and male) leaders' communion to improve followers' positive attitudes -but not evaluations- and call for an updated perspective about the complex influences of gender on leadership beyond the oversimplified female advantage approach.
Leire Gartzia; Josune Baniandrés. How Feminine is the Female Advantage? Incremental validity of gender traits over leader sex on employees' responses. Journal of Business Research 2019, 99, 125 -139.
AMA StyleLeire Gartzia, Josune Baniandrés. How Feminine is the Female Advantage? Incremental validity of gender traits over leader sex on employees' responses. Journal of Business Research. 2019; 99 ():125-139.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeire Gartzia; Josune Baniandrés. 2019. "How Feminine is the Female Advantage? Incremental validity of gender traits over leader sex on employees' responses." Journal of Business Research 99, no. : 125-139.
Although previous studies have acknowledged the connections between gender and emotional competences, more research is needed on how gender and emotion interact to influence psychosocial risks at work. This paper addresses how gender stereotypes and emotions simultaneously act as psychosocial antecedents of organizational stress. Following the principles of psychological androgyny, we propose that a combination of communion and agency can serve as a preventive factor at work and lead to healthier responses by providing a wider range of emotional competences to deal with organizational demands. Following previous methodological approaches, we include a quantitative review about scientific research on occupational health in the PsycINFO database during the period 1980–2017 from a multidimensional gender perspective that differentiates between studies addressing the topic from either sex, gender or gender identity dimensions. Finally, we propose new analytical directions to deal with psychosocial hazards at work by underscoring some of the complex ways in which gender and emotional competences influence psychosocial risks at work.
Leire Gartzia; Jon Pizarro; Josune Baniandres. Emotional Androgyny: A Preventive Factor of Psychosocial Risks at Work? Frontiers in Psychology 2018, 9, 1 .
AMA StyleLeire Gartzia, Jon Pizarro, Josune Baniandres. Emotional Androgyny: A Preventive Factor of Psychosocial Risks at Work? Frontiers in Psychology. 2018; 9 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeire Gartzia; Jon Pizarro; Josune Baniandres. 2018. "Emotional Androgyny: A Preventive Factor of Psychosocial Risks at Work?" Frontiers in Psychology 9, no. : 1.
Leire Gartzia; Alejandro Amillano; Josune Baniandrés; Patricia Elgoibar; Martin Euwema; Lourdes Munduate. Women in Industrial Relations: Overcoming Gender Biases. Shaping Inclusive Workplaces Through Social Dialogue 2016, 195 -211.
AMA StyleLeire Gartzia, Alejandro Amillano, Josune Baniandrés, Patricia Elgoibar, Martin Euwema, Lourdes Munduate. Women in Industrial Relations: Overcoming Gender Biases. Shaping Inclusive Workplaces Through Social Dialogue. 2016; ():195-211.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeire Gartzia; Alejandro Amillano; Josune Baniandrés; Patricia Elgoibar; Martin Euwema; Lourdes Munduate. 2016. "Women in Industrial Relations: Overcoming Gender Biases." Shaping Inclusive Workplaces Through Social Dialogue , no. : 195-211.
Extending the first Special Issue about gender research in the European country of Spain (Gartzia and Lopez-Zafra 2014), this Special Issue presents a new collection of original studies conducted in Spain that address some of the reasons for the maintenance of gender inequalities in this cultural context. Our approach is to capture the complexities that accompany changes toward gender equality in Spain as in other nations, whereby subtle forms of discrimination coexist with gender awareness-raising policies that ultimately allow for women’s steadily advancement. With the view of providing background about the situation of gender research in Europe, we offer a review of the evolution of gender research across several European nations.
Leire Gartzia; Esther Lopez-Zafra. Gender Research in Spanish Psychology, Part II: Progress and Complexities in the European Context. Sex Roles 2015, 74, 97 -106.
AMA StyleLeire Gartzia, Esther Lopez-Zafra. Gender Research in Spanish Psychology, Part II: Progress and Complexities in the European Context. Sex Roles. 2015; 74 (3-4):97-106.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeire Gartzia; Esther Lopez-Zafra. 2015. "Gender Research in Spanish Psychology, Part II: Progress and Complexities in the European Context." Sex Roles 74, no. 3-4: 97-106.
Gender inequality is embedded in men’s greater labor force participation and women’s greater assumption of domestic roles. These inequalities are at the same time rooted in people’s projections about their future lives, which influence future behaviors and values. The current research analyzes factors that influence these projections about the gender division of labor. A sample of 230 male and female Spanish university students reported their expectations about gender equality in their own future life. Data are also presented from 113 female university students from the United States, who completed the same measures. In an experimental design, these participants were also assigned to envision a possible future self as a married parent who was employed full-time, part-time, or not at all and whose educational attainment was a bachelor’s degree or an advanced degree. When reporting expectations for their own future lives, more female than male Spanish participants expected part-time work, marriage, and parenthood. In most aspects, the experimental conditions, with their assignments to particular future situations, yielded the same expectations for the male and female participants. Notably, as hypothesized, participants of both sexes estimated that greater employment would enhance their attainment of career and respect goals but compromise family goals. We discuss the effects of employment expectations on the division of labor and gender equality, and additionally provide a cross-cultural interpretation of the differences observed between Spain and the United States.
Leire Gartzia; Janell C. Fetterolf. What Division of Labor Do University Students Expect in Their Future Lives? Divergences and Communalities of Female and Male Students. Sex Roles 2015, 74, 121 -135.
AMA StyleLeire Gartzia, Janell C. Fetterolf. What Division of Labor Do University Students Expect in Their Future Lives? Divergences and Communalities of Female and Male Students. Sex Roles. 2015; 74 (3-4):121-135.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeire Gartzia; Janell C. Fetterolf. 2015. "What Division of Labor Do University Students Expect in Their Future Lives? Divergences and Communalities of Female and Male Students." Sex Roles 74, no. 3-4: 121-135.
This study challenges researchers and practitioners in the field of leadership to consider communion as a relevant variable for (male) leadership effectiveness. We suggest that communal traits influence the ability of male leaders to engender cooperation and that this effect is stronger in male-dominated contexts. We argue that this is because relevant traits and leadership behaviors that underscore a sense of community are associated with stereotypically feminine roles and identity. In a series of three studies, experimental as well as survey-based, using Spanish, Dutch, and American samples, we examined such gendered construction of male leadership and its effects on cooperation. Among others, results are discussed in terms of how stereotypically masculine constructions of male leadership may create barriers to effective leadership.
Leire Gartzia; Daniel L Van Knippenberg. Too Masculine, Too Bad. Group & Organization Management 2015, 41, 458 -490.
AMA StyleLeire Gartzia, Daniel L Van Knippenberg. Too Masculine, Too Bad. Group & Organization Management. 2015; 41 (4):458-490.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeire Gartzia; Daniel L Van Knippenberg. 2015. "Too Masculine, Too Bad." Group & Organization Management 41, no. 4: 458-490.
In the last decades, many political and socioeconomic transformations occurred in Western countries with a considerable impact on gender equality. In this special issue, we aim to show how these transformations can generate changes in gender research by presenting Spain as an example of remarkable growth in gender studies, following the intense societal advancement of the country toward gender equality policies. In particular, we examine the evolution of gender research in Spain analyzing the presence of Spanish gender research in international journals, national journals, book reviews, and conferences. This first volume also includes a presentation of several original studies covering three specific research areas: gender stereotypes, gender violence, and gender issues at work. Finally, we discuss how the unique socioeconomic scenario created in this country may serve for international readers and gender researchers.
Leire Gartzia; Esther López-Zafra. Gender Research in Spanish Psychology: An Overview for International Readers. Sex Roles 2014, 70, 445 -456.
AMA StyleLeire Gartzia, Esther López-Zafra. Gender Research in Spanish Psychology: An Overview for International Readers. Sex Roles. 2014; 70 (11):445-456.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeire Gartzia; Esther López-Zafra. 2014. "Gender Research in Spanish Psychology: An Overview for International Readers." Sex Roles 70, no. 11: 445-456.
Emotional Intelligence (EI) refers to the abilities/competencies that an individual has about emotions and has proven to be related to positive aspects in life. Despite its growing relevance, results about the existence and magnitude of gender differences have been inconclusive, with some studies suggesting that such differences depend on the theoretical approach and type of instrument used. In an effort to better understand these relationships, this study examined the stereotyped nature of self-report instruments of EI from the two main theoretical EI approaches (ability-based and mixed models). Two hundred sixty Spanish undergraduates from a university in the South of Spain indicated the extent to which they considered several EI competences as typical of women/men. Results show that most EI dimensions are biased by gender stereotypes, in terms of being perceived as more characteristic of one gender or the other. An in-group gender bias appeared particularly among female participants whereby they attributed higher scores to women than to men in most EI dimensions. Men also favored men giving higher scores than women did in some of the dimensions. These results suggest that self-report EI measures may be influenced by gender stereotypes, which has relevant implications for EI researchers.
Esther Lopez-Zafra; Leire Gartzia. Perceptions of Gender Differences in Self-Report Measures of Emotional Intelligence. Sex Roles 2014, 70, 479 -495.
AMA StyleEsther Lopez-Zafra, Leire Gartzia. Perceptions of Gender Differences in Self-Report Measures of Emotional Intelligence. Sex Roles. 2014; 70 (11-12):479-495.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEsther Lopez-Zafra; Leire Gartzia. 2014. "Perceptions of Gender Differences in Self-Report Measures of Emotional Intelligence." Sex Roles 70, no. 11-12: 479-495.