Lipase production bacterial isolate was isolated from soil of service station and identified as Bacillus methylotrophicus PS3 by 16SrRNA with accession number |LN999829.1|. Lipase enzyme was purified by sequential methods of ammonium sulfate precipitation and Sephadex G-100 gel column chromatography. The molecular weight of purified enzyme was 31.40 kDa on SDS-PAGE. This purification procedure resulted in 2.90-fold purification of lipase with a 24.10% final yield. The purified lipase presented maximal hydrolytic activity at a temperature of 55 °C, and pH of 7.0. Lipase activity was stimulated by Triton X-100 and SDS with Mg2+ and Ca2+ metals employ a positive effect and outlast its stable in organic solvent i.e. methanol and ethanol.

Microbial origin polysaccharides have gained popularity due to lesser toxicity, better degradability and selectivity as compared to their synthetic counterparts and can be used as emulsifier, stabilizer, thickener, texturizer, flocculating and gelling agent. Here main emphasis on exopolysaccharide production from potential lactic acid bacteria that has GRAS status. This work was aimed at isolating, purifying and characterizing an extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) produced by a foodgrade lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus paraplantarum KM1. L. paraplantarum KM1 was isolated from human milk and identified by conventional and molecular techniques. The 16S rRNA sequence of the isolate was registered in National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) under accession number KX671558. L. paraplantarum KM1 was found to produce EPSs in lactose containing MRS medium, and the maximum yield (47.4 mg/ml) was achieved after 32-h incubation. As evident from TLC and HPLC analyses, the polysaccharide was found to be a heteropolymer-containing glucose, galactose and mannose as main sugars. Different oligosaccharides namely hexoses were obtained after partial hydrolysis of the polymer using MALDI-ToF-MS. The total molecular weight of all polysaccharides present was 348.7 kDa with 100 °C thermal stability as well as water soluble in nature. Cell cytotoxicity revealed that the purified EPS was safe for consumption; thus, it can be used in various food industries as emulsifying and texture agent. The present study highlighted that exopolysaccharides could be harnessed to improve food products in terms of texture, emulsifying agents, pharmaceutical industry (antioxidants, antitumour, anti-inflammatory and antiviral agents) and as safety purposes.

Present study was carried out to evaluate a new bacterial strain, Lactobacillus plantarum F22 as probiotic strain. L. plantarum F22 was isolated from a traditional inoculum called 'Phab' which is used for the preparation of a traditional beverage chhang of Lahaul and Spiti of Himachal Pradesh. The isolate was identified by conventional and molecular techniques and tested for different probiotic properties. The 16S rRNA sequence of the isolate was registered in National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) under accession number KT865223. Further, L. plantarum F22 was evaluated for its probiotic potential viz., autoaggregation capacity, hydrophobicity, acidity tolerance, antibiotic susceptibility and cumulative probiotic potential and was found to possess good probiotic potential with a cumulative probiotic score of 91.7%. L. plantarum F22 has been proved to be highly effective, therefore can be recommended for the development of new pharmaceuticals and functional food preparations.

A novel strain Rhizopus sp. C4 was isolated from compost for the production of pectinase. Cultivation of Rhizopus sp. C4 on orange peel substrate under various solid-state fermentation (SSF) conditions was evaluated for pectinase yield along with the enzyme activity profile as a potential, low-cost alternative to submerged-liquid fermentation. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize various environmental parameters for pectinase production. Various parameters, namely temperature, moisture and incubation days, were studied statistically for a total of 20 runs using central composite design. The highest yield of the enzyme, i.e., 11.63 IU/mL, was obtained from 1:3.5 moisture ratios in 7 days at 30°C. The study demonstrated that optimization through RSM could improve the enzymatic characteristics and yield of the enzyme.