Applications of lasers in phototherapy have been the trend for the last few decades. The photodynamic therapy process normally depends on photosensitizers and laser beams. Through this study, indocyanine green has been used as a photosensitizer, which is normally activated using laser lines between 750 and 805 nm. The activity of the indocyanine green to do fluorescence by other pulsed laser sources has been tested by fluorescence technique, and it has been proven that the laser lines at 810, 940, and 980nm are able to excite the indocyanine green with different extents. The indocyanine green activation has been tested by several laser lines (810, 940, and 980 nm) commonly used as surgical lasers. The generated oxygen has been measured after irradiating the indocyanine green with the different laser lines. A comparison has been made between laser irradiation as a pinpoint and a broad beam. It is found that the wide beam is more effective in activating oxygen production. In the end, it is concluded that lines 810 and 940nm were effective in activating the used dye, while the 980nm activity did not show enough efficiency.

Background: Cell migration through micro perforated membranes might help in managing the periodontal defect isolation from the surrounding regenerative elements, a problem caused by guided tissue regeneration using occlusive membrane.

Objectives: Periodontitis is characterized by an increased alveolar bone turnover with dominance of bone resorption over bone formation leading to alveolar bone loss and loss of attachment. Osteocalcin is the major noncollagenous calcium-binding single chain protein of bone and dentin matrix and it is a bone marker whose concentration in circulation has been used as a reflector of bone turnover.The present study was conducted to evaluate osteocalcin levels in healthy and diseased periodontium and to correlate the changes in its levels with the changes in the clinical and radiographic parameters before and after treatment. Materials & Methods: Double blind clinical randomized trial, 40 patients divided into 3 groups; 15 patients diagnosed as periodontitis stage III grade B, 15 patients diagnosed as periodontitis stage III grade C, 10 healthy cases as control. Clinical parameters namely plaque index (PI), Gingival index (GI), Pocket depth (PD), Clinical attachment loss (CAL), radiographic examination, beside gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples collection for Osteocalcin level, tested at 3 time points 1 before and 2 after periodontal treatment, which included phase I therapy, and respective periodontal surgery accompanied by systemic antibiotics protocol. Results: revealed a positive correlation in the changes of osteocalcin levels in relation to probing depth, clinical attachment level, plaque index and gingival index and a negative correlation with the changes in bone density although these correlations were insignificant. Conclusions: Osteocalcin in gingival crevicular fluid as marker for diagnosis , prognosis, and follow up of the periodontitis infection activity, As a second conclusion cumulative non surgical, surgical and systemic antibiotic medication have high ability in the control of periodontal infection which could be measured clinically and radiographically. Clinical relevance: Osteocalcin would be suitable for diagnosis and follow up of the disease, but not suitable for the prognosis of periodontal disease infection.

Aim: This study investigated the prevalence, risk indicators, and impact of periodontitis on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) among Egyptian geriatric patients. This study aims to provide insights into the broader implications of this disease for quality of life by assessing functional, psychological, and social domains. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 Egyptian participants aged 60 years and older recruited from Ain Shams University's outpatient clinics and Ministry of Health dental research centers. Sociodemographic and behavioral data were collected via structured questionnaires, whereas OHRQOL was evaluated via the OHIP-14 tool. Clinical periodontal assessments adhered to the 2017 World Workshop classification. Logistic regression was applied to identify associations between periodontitis severity, risk indicators, and OHRQOL impacts. Results: Among the participants, 66.5% (n = 266) reported a negative impact on OHRQOL, predominantly due to psychological discomfort, physical pain, and disability. Stages II (40%) and III (36.2%) periodontitis were the most prevalent with PPD Mean ± SD 4.95 ± 1.38, CAL Mean ± SD4.21 ± 1.38. The key risk factors for severe periodontitis included being male, being older, being less educated, being a smoker, and having diabetes. The study also revealed that irregular tooth brushing, residence in specific urban locations, and advanced periodontitis stages were significantly associated with poorer OHRQOL. Conclusions: Periodontitis adversely affects OHRQOL among Egyptian elderly individuals, with the psychological and physical domains being the most affected. These findings underscore the need for targeted public health strategies and personalized interventions to mitigate the burden of periodontal disease in this population.