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Dr. Xiaying Xin
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NF A1B 3X5, Canada

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0 Biotechnologies
0 Water Treatment
0 emerging pollutants
0 environmental risk assessment
0 Fate and transport, aquatic toxicology

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Research article
Published: 26 February 2021 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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This study focused on the impact of microalgal biomass on the oil behavior in a sand-water system. The microalgal biomass was characterized, and the interaction between microalgal biomass and oil was analyzed through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The effects of different conditions including microalgal biomass dose, pH, temperature, and salinity on the oil behavior were investigated. A two-level factorial analysis was also used to further explore the interactions of these conditions. The microalgal biomass was found to be the most influential parameter for the residual crude oil on sand. Higher microalgal biomass dose resulted in less residual oil on sand. The remaining oil decreased with increasing solution pH from 4 to 7, and an increase of remaining oil was observed when the pH was further increased above 7. In addition, temperature and salinity could affect the removal of crude oil in the presence of microalgal biomass. Increasing the temperature could result in less residual oil on sand and there was higher oil removal at the high salinity. The effects of microalgal biomass on the oil behavior could also be impacted by environmental conditions. The results of this study indicate that the presence of algae in the oiled shoreline can be considered in the comprehensive evaluation of spill risk and prediction of oil fate.

ACS Style

Azar Vahabisani; ChunJiang An; Xiaying Xin; Edward Owens; Kenneth Lee. Exploring the effects of microalgal biomass on the oil behavior in a sand-water system. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021, 28, 32985 -32994.

AMA Style

Azar Vahabisani, ChunJiang An, Xiaying Xin, Edward Owens, Kenneth Lee. Exploring the effects of microalgal biomass on the oil behavior in a sand-water system. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021; 28 (25):32985-32994.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Azar Vahabisani; ChunJiang An; Xiaying Xin; Edward Owens; Kenneth Lee. 2021. "Exploring the effects of microalgal biomass on the oil behavior in a sand-water system." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 25: 32985-32994.

Journal article
Published: 31 December 2020 in Science of The Total Environment
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Rapid industrialization leads to potential energy scarcity. The formulation of energy intervention can alleviate the economic losses caused by insufficient energy inputs in advance. In this study, the energy dependency and sensitivity quantification model (EDSQ) is firstly developed to evaluate the impacts of insufficient energy support on economic development under network-based perspective and sector-based perspective. A special case study for the Province of Shanxi, China, is conducted to illustrate the potential benefits of its use in the formulation of energy intervention for energy-dependent regions. Seven energy groups are explored to gain more insights into the impacts of specific energy groups on energy metabolism and the complicated interactions among sectors. It is found that the energy metabolism of Shanxi is under an unhealthy state. The internal flows are dominated by exploitation and competitive relationships, which is not conducive to effective energy metabolism. The hierarchy analysis indicates that the pulling force is hardly affected by the classified energy groups but the driving force is sensitive, which further reveals that the producers can choose different energy sources according to their production structure. Faced with potential energy scarcity, the shortage of coal may bring considerable economic losses. The energy intervention should be formulated for the sectors that are less dependent on energy. However, it is not recommended to curb energy use in the petroleum, coking, nuclear fuel processing and coal mining sectors, because their sectoral losses can impose significant losses to the entire network. Thus, the scientific results of this study can provide academic support for quantifying the impact of potential energy scarcity, and guide the formulation of energy intervention to achieve sustainable development for energy-dependent regions.

ACS Style

Jinbo Zhang; Guohe Huang; Lirong Liu; Mengyu Zhai; Yulei Xie; Xiaying Xin; Haoyun Meng. Economic sensitivity analysis of dual perspectives induced by energy scarcity for energy-dependent region. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 768, 144876 .

AMA Style

Jinbo Zhang, Guohe Huang, Lirong Liu, Mengyu Zhai, Yulei Xie, Xiaying Xin, Haoyun Meng. Economic sensitivity analysis of dual perspectives induced by energy scarcity for energy-dependent region. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 768 ():144876.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jinbo Zhang; Guohe Huang; Lirong Liu; Mengyu Zhai; Yulei Xie; Xiaying Xin; Haoyun Meng. 2020. "Economic sensitivity analysis of dual perspectives induced by energy scarcity for energy-dependent region." Science of The Total Environment 768, no. : 144876.

Review
Published: 19 November 2020 in Journal of Hazardous Materials
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Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) have been frequently detected in the environment around the world. Algae play a significant role in aquatic ecosystem, thus the influence on algae may affect the life of higher trophic organisms. This review provides a state-of-the-art overview of current research on the toxicity of PPCPs to algae. Nanoparticles, contained in personal care products, also have been considered as the ingredients of PPCPs. PPCPs could cause unexpected effects on algae and their communities. Chlorophyta and diatoms are more accessible and sensitive to PPCPs. Multiple algal endpoints should be considered to provide a complete evaluation on PPCPs toxicity. The toxicity of organic ingredients in PPCPs could be predicted through quantitative structure-activity relationship model, whereas the toxicity of nanoparticles could be predicted with limitations. Light irradiation can change the toxicity through affecting algae and PPCPs. pH and natural organic matter can affect the toxicity through changing the existence of PPCPs. For joint and tertiary toxicity, experiments could be conducted to reveal the toxic mechanism. For multiple compound mixture toxicity, concentration addition and independent addition models are preferred. However, there has no empirical models to study nanoparticle-contained mixture toxicity. Algae-based remediation is an emerging technology to prevent the release of PPCPs from water treatment plants. Although many individual algal species are identified for removing a few compounds from PPCPs, algal-bacterial photobioreactor is a preferable alternative, with higher chances for industrial applications.

ACS Style

Xiaying Xin; Gordon Huang; Baiyu Zhang. Review of aquatic toxicity of pharmaceuticals and personal care products to algae. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2020, 410, 124619 .

AMA Style

Xiaying Xin, Gordon Huang, Baiyu Zhang. Review of aquatic toxicity of pharmaceuticals and personal care products to algae. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2020; 410 ():124619.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiaying Xin; Gordon Huang; Baiyu Zhang. 2020. "Review of aquatic toxicity of pharmaceuticals and personal care products to algae." Journal of Hazardous Materials 410, no. : 124619.

Journal article
Published: 30 September 2020 in Water Research
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Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is the most widely distributed sulfonamide antibiotics detected in decentralized poultry wastewater in rural communities. As an economically-feasible and eco-friendly technology for decentralized wastewater treatment in rural areas, vertical-flow multi-soil-layering (MSL) system was promising to mitigate the ecological and human health risks from SMX in such areas. The treatment of SMX-contained poultry wastewater by using MSL systems was investigated for the first time, and the main and interactive effects of related multiple variables on system performance were explored through factorial analysis, including material of permeable layer, concentration of SMX, and pH of influent. Results indicated that SMX concentration and pH of influent showed significantly negative effects on SMX removal. Medical stone used in MSL systems with larger surface area could intensify the SMX removal compared to anthracite. MSL systems showed stable performances on SMX removal with the best SMX removal efficiency more than 91%. A novel stepwise-cluster inference (SCI) model was developed for the first time to map the multivariate numeric relationships between state variables and SMX removal under discrete and nonlinear complexities. It was demonstrated that the effect of SMX in wastewater with high concentration was significant on the differentiation of soil bacteria composition in MSL systems based on microbial diversity analysis. These results can help better understand the mechanism of SMX removal in MSL systems from perspectives of factorial analysis, numeric modeling, and microbiological change.

ACS Style

Pei Song; Guohe Huang; ChunJiang An; Xiaying Xin; Peng Zhang; Xiujuan Chen; Shan Ren; Ziqing Xu; Xiaohan Yang. Exploring the decentralized treatment of sulfamethoxazole-contained poultry wastewater through vertical-flow multi-soil-layering systems in rural communities. Water Research 2020, 188, 116480 .

AMA Style

Pei Song, Guohe Huang, ChunJiang An, Xiaying Xin, Peng Zhang, Xiujuan Chen, Shan Ren, Ziqing Xu, Xiaohan Yang. Exploring the decentralized treatment of sulfamethoxazole-contained poultry wastewater through vertical-flow multi-soil-layering systems in rural communities. Water Research. 2020; 188 ():116480.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pei Song; Guohe Huang; ChunJiang An; Xiaying Xin; Peng Zhang; Xiujuan Chen; Shan Ren; Ziqing Xu; Xiaohan Yang. 2020. "Exploring the decentralized treatment of sulfamethoxazole-contained poultry wastewater through vertical-flow multi-soil-layering systems in rural communities." Water Research 188, no. : 116480.

Journal article
Published: 15 September 2020 in Journal of Hazardous Materials
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Microplastics (MPs) and spilled oil are both major concerns in the marine environment. In this study, we investigated if and how MPs would interact with crude oil and potentially reduce the effectiveness of oil dispersants applied during oil spill response operations. With the addition of dispersant, MPs and oil (covered by dispersants through their hydrophobic tails) formed MPs-oil-dispersant agglomerates that were found to exist from the surface layer to the bottom of the seawater column. Their resurfacing and sinking led to a decrease in oil dispersion effectiveness. Effects of MP concentration, MP aging, and dispersant-to-oil volumetric ratios (DORs) on oil dispersion were examined. We found that the dispersion effectiveness of light oil and heavy oil decreased 38.26 % and 38.25 %, respectively, with an increased MP concentration. The dispersion effectiveness of light oil and heavy oil was 82.86 ± 10.87 % and 40.39 ± 4.96 % with pristine MPs and increased up to 109.75 ± 0.71 % and 58.30 ± 0.00 % when using MPs aged for 56 days. MPs reduced oil dispersion effectiveness under different DORs. The findings of this first report to understand the interactions among MPs, oil and dispersants has provided fundamental insights that may influence future decision making on the selection and use of oil spill response strategies.

ACS Style

Min Yang; Bing Chen; Xiaying Xin; Xing Song; Jiabin Liu; Guihua Dong; Kenneth Lee; Baiyu Zhang. Interactions between microplastics and oil dispersion in the marine environment. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2020, 403, 123944 .

AMA Style

Min Yang, Bing Chen, Xiaying Xin, Xing Song, Jiabin Liu, Guihua Dong, Kenneth Lee, Baiyu Zhang. Interactions between microplastics and oil dispersion in the marine environment. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2020; 403 ():123944.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Min Yang; Bing Chen; Xiaying Xin; Xing Song; Jiabin Liu; Guihua Dong; Kenneth Lee; Baiyu Zhang. 2020. "Interactions between microplastics and oil dispersion in the marine environment." Journal of Hazardous Materials 403, no. : 123944.

Journal article
Published: 02 September 2020 in Journal of Hazardous Materials
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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are hazardous contaminants existing ubiquitously in polluted soil. In this study, using nanocellulose (CNC) fluid as an eco-friendly agent was proposed for the first time in the remediation of phenanthrene (PHE) contaminated soil. The effects of environmental factors on the mobilization of PHE in soil by CNC nanofluid was investigated using factorial analysis. The results showed that temperature and ionic strength had a significant influence on PHE removal, which were associated with the viscosity and zeta potential change in the nanofluid. The analysis based on two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy integrated with FTIR and synchrotron-based XRF imaging revealed that metals and minerals in soil played important roles in PHE detachment. The hydroxyl groups on CNC bonded with Fe–O, Si–O, and Mn–O in soil as time went on, and eventually achieved PHE mobilization through the interruption of PHE/SOM-metal/mineral linkages. The complexation and transport of PHE/SOM-metals/minerals from soil particles to the aqueous phase could be the primary PHE removal mechanism. Besides, the biotoxicity study displayed a detoxification effect of CNC nanofluid on PHE contaminants in soil. This study offers new insight into a cost-effective and biodegradable nanocellulose washing agent, which can be a good alternative to the available site remediation options.

ACS Style

Jianan Yin; Guohe Huang; ChunJiang An; Peng Zhang; Xiaying Xin; Renfei Feng. Exploration of nanocellulose washing agent for the green remediation of phenanthrene-contaminated soil. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2020, 403, 123861 .

AMA Style

Jianan Yin, Guohe Huang, ChunJiang An, Peng Zhang, Xiaying Xin, Renfei Feng. Exploration of nanocellulose washing agent for the green remediation of phenanthrene-contaminated soil. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2020; 403 ():123861.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jianan Yin; Guohe Huang; ChunJiang An; Peng Zhang; Xiaying Xin; Renfei Feng. 2020. "Exploration of nanocellulose washing agent for the green remediation of phenanthrene-contaminated soil." Journal of Hazardous Materials 403, no. : 123861.

Journal article
Published: 21 May 2020 in Journal of Hazardous Materials
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Toxic effects on Asterococcus superbus were studied based on different combinations of P25-TiO2, nano-ZnO and triclosan under multiple illumination conditions. A full factorial design (2 × 2×2 × 3) was implemented to explore interactive effects, and to identify significant factors. The results showed illumination is the most important factor with significance and becomes one of the main reasons to affect chlorophyll pigments, photosynthesis activity, unsaturated fatty acids, mitochondria function, and cause oxidative stress. Triclosan considerably affects cell viability, photosynthesis activity, lipid peroxidation and protein structure, for which triclosan is more significant than nano-ZnO. P25 is significant for oxidative stress, antioxidant enzyme, and lipid peroxidation. P25 * nano-ZnO is the only significant interaction of pollutants, affecting macromolecules, lipid peroxidation, and photosynthesis activity. High-order interactions play significant roles in affecting multiple molecular components. Two groups of endpoints are best to reflect alga responses to interactively effects from P25, nano-ZnO, and triclosan. One is ROS, chlorophyll pigments, TBARS, area, MTT, and MMP, and the other one is chlorophyll pigments, ROS, TBARS, CAT, MTT and SOD. Our findings can be instructive for a comprehensive comparison among interactions of multiple pollutants and environmental factors in natural waters, such that more robust environmental toxicity analyses can be performed.

ACS Style

Xiaying Xin; Gordon Huang; ChunJiang An; Chen Lu; Wenhui Xiong. Exploring the biophysicochemical alteration of green alga Asterococcus superbus interactively affected by nanoparticles, triclosan and illumination. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2020, 398, 122855 .

AMA Style

Xiaying Xin, Gordon Huang, ChunJiang An, Chen Lu, Wenhui Xiong. Exploring the biophysicochemical alteration of green alga Asterococcus superbus interactively affected by nanoparticles, triclosan and illumination. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2020; 398 ():122855.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiaying Xin; Gordon Huang; ChunJiang An; Chen Lu; Wenhui Xiong. 2020. "Exploring the biophysicochemical alteration of green alga Asterococcus superbus interactively affected by nanoparticles, triclosan and illumination." Journal of Hazardous Materials 398, no. : 122855.

Journal article
Published: 19 May 2020 in Separation and Purification Technology
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The intaking of water with undesired substances may cause many water-borne diseases. It is required to develop efficient and low-cost water purification technologies for developing countries. In this study, a new ceramic disk filter functionalized by chitosan/TiO2 nanocomposites (CT-CDF) for bacterial removal from drinking water was investigated. The characterization results showed that the chitosan/TiO2 nanocomposites were attached to the surface of CDFs. The optimal conditions for producing CT-CDFs were 0.2 g of chitosan, 0.05 g of TiO2, and 0.04 g of coating amount, respectively. The factorial analysis indicated that the illumination time and lamp power promoted the reduction of E. coli, but influent E. coli concentration showed a negative effect. There was an interaction between lamp power and influent E. coli concentration. The bacterial removal of CT-CDFs was due to the retention by irregular pores in CT-CDF, the cell membrane damage caused by the attached chitosan/TiO2 nanocomposites, and the oxidative stress in cells from ROS generated by nano-TiO2. Prolonging illumination time and increasing lamp power can promote the photocatalysis, resulting in the enhanced removal efficiency of CT-CDFs. The results of this study can provides not only an insight into the bacterial removal involving multiple mechanisms, but also an economic-feasible solution for resolving the water safety issues in developing countries.

ACS Style

Ziqing Xu; Guohe Huang; ChunJiang An; Jing Huang; Xiujuan Chen; Xiaying Xin; Pei Song; Renfei Feng; Yongping Li. Low-cost microbiological purification using a new ceramic disk filter functionalized by chitosan/TiO2 nanocomposites. Separation and Purification Technology 2020, 248, 116984 .

AMA Style

Ziqing Xu, Guohe Huang, ChunJiang An, Jing Huang, Xiujuan Chen, Xiaying Xin, Pei Song, Renfei Feng, Yongping Li. Low-cost microbiological purification using a new ceramic disk filter functionalized by chitosan/TiO2 nanocomposites. Separation and Purification Technology. 2020; 248 ():116984.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ziqing Xu; Guohe Huang; ChunJiang An; Jing Huang; Xiujuan Chen; Xiaying Xin; Pei Song; Renfei Feng; Yongping Li. 2020. "Low-cost microbiological purification using a new ceramic disk filter functionalized by chitosan/TiO2 nanocomposites." Separation and Purification Technology 248, no. : 116984.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2020 in Journal of Water Process Engineering
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ACS Style

Yanyun Zhao; Guohe Huang; ChunJiang An; Jing Huang; Xiaying Xin; Xiujuan Chen; Yongyuan Hong; Pei Song. Removal of Escherichia Coli from water using functionalized porous ceramic disk filter coated with Fe/TiO2 nano-composites. Journal of Water Process Engineering 2020, 33, 1 .

AMA Style

Yanyun Zhao, Guohe Huang, ChunJiang An, Jing Huang, Xiaying Xin, Xiujuan Chen, Yongyuan Hong, Pei Song. Removal of Escherichia Coli from water using functionalized porous ceramic disk filter coated with Fe/TiO2 nano-composites. Journal of Water Process Engineering. 2020; 33 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yanyun Zhao; Guohe Huang; ChunJiang An; Jing Huang; Xiaying Xin; Xiujuan Chen; Yongyuan Hong; Pei Song. 2020. "Removal of Escherichia Coli from water using functionalized porous ceramic disk filter coated with Fe/TiO2 nano-composites." Journal of Water Process Engineering 33, no. : 1.

Journals
Published: 09 December 2019 in Environmental Science: Nano
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This study explored the surface changes of geometric structure, functional groups, and site-energy distribution of long-term environmental effects of pyrogenic carbon.

ACS Style

Jian Shen; Gordon Huang; ChunJiang An; Yao Yao; Xiaying Xin; Scott Rosendahl. Immobilization of TBBPA on pyrogenic carbon subjected to natural organic matter under freeze–thawing conditions: insights into surface functionalization, coverage processes and binding affinity. Environmental Science: Nano 2019, 7, 472 -485.

AMA Style

Jian Shen, Gordon Huang, ChunJiang An, Yao Yao, Xiaying Xin, Scott Rosendahl. Immobilization of TBBPA on pyrogenic carbon subjected to natural organic matter under freeze–thawing conditions: insights into surface functionalization, coverage processes and binding affinity. Environmental Science: Nano. 2019; 7 (2):472-485.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jian Shen; Gordon Huang; ChunJiang An; Yao Yao; Xiaying Xin; Scott Rosendahl. 2019. "Immobilization of TBBPA on pyrogenic carbon subjected to natural organic matter under freeze–thawing conditions: insights into surface functionalization, coverage processes and binding affinity." Environmental Science: Nano 7, no. 2: 472-485.

Journal article
Published: 06 December 2019 in Chemosphere
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Ceramic water filter is suitable for low-income families and rural communities in developing countries to obtain safe drinking water because of its low cost and good performance. As an innovative effort, the ceramic disk filter coated with Ag/ZnO nanocomposites (AZ-CDF) was proposed in this study. The manufacture of AZ-CDFs was optimized by experiments based on the Box-Behnken design. The results of thermal field emission scanning electron microscopy (TFE-SEM) and very powerful elemental and structural probe employing radiation from a synchrotron (VESPERS) indicated that Ag/ZnO nanocomposites were mainly distributed on the upper surface of AZ-CDF. The antibacterial activity of AZ-CDF was investigated by detecting the variation of cell status and intracellular reactive oxygen species during a period of time using flow cytometry. Both non-photocatalytic and photocatalytic antibacterial activities of Ag/ZnO nanocomposite contributed to the bacterial reduction property of AZ-CDF. During filtration, the initial Escherichia coli (E. coli) concentration and illumination intensity also influenced the E. coli removal performance of AZ-CDF. When the light illumination intensity was 7000 Lux, AZ-CDF was appropriate to treat the water contaminated by E. coli concentration of less than 103 cfu/mL. Increasing illumination intensity resulted in the improvement of E. coli removal performance of AZ-CDF. It was concluded the main mechanisms for the E. coli removal of AZ-CDF were filtration, non-photocatalytic and photocatalytic antibacterial activities.

ACS Style

Jing Huang; Guohe Huang; ChunJiang An; Xiaying Xin; Xiujuan Chen; Yanyun Zhao; Renfei Feng; Wenhui Xiong. Exploring the use of ceramic disk filter coated with Ag/ZnO nanocomposites as an innovative approach for removing Escherichia coli from household drinking water. Chemosphere 2019, 245, 125545 .

AMA Style

Jing Huang, Guohe Huang, ChunJiang An, Xiaying Xin, Xiujuan Chen, Yanyun Zhao, Renfei Feng, Wenhui Xiong. Exploring the use of ceramic disk filter coated with Ag/ZnO nanocomposites as an innovative approach for removing Escherichia coli from household drinking water. Chemosphere. 2019; 245 ():125545.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jing Huang; Guohe Huang; ChunJiang An; Xiaying Xin; Xiujuan Chen; Yanyun Zhao; Renfei Feng; Wenhui Xiong. 2019. "Exploring the use of ceramic disk filter coated with Ag/ZnO nanocomposites as an innovative approach for removing Escherichia coli from household drinking water." Chemosphere 245, no. : 125545.

Review article
Published: 04 December 2019 in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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Anaerobic digestion (AD) is an effective process for waste management, pollution mitigation, renewable energy utilization, and greenhouse gas emissions reduction. However, low temperature is one of the most limiting factors for the application of AD in many cold regions. To expand the applications of AD to larger areas in the world, many studies have been conducted to explore its potential under low-temperature conditions. The purpose of this article is to present a comprehensive review on recent progresses and findings in this field. The generation and management of manure in cold regions are summarized to demonstrate the potential capacity of AD. Advancements in theories and technologies that can improve the performance of anaerobic digestion in cold regions are thoroughly reviewed. The benefits of AD applications in terms of emission reduction are evaluated at global scale.

ACS Style

Yao Yao; Gordon Huang; ChunJiang An; Xiujuan Chen; Peng Zhang; Xiaying Xin; Jian Shen; Joy Agnew. Anaerobic digestion of livestock manure in cold regions: Technological advancements and global impacts. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2019, 119, 109494 .

AMA Style

Yao Yao, Gordon Huang, ChunJiang An, Xiujuan Chen, Peng Zhang, Xiaying Xin, Jian Shen, Joy Agnew. Anaerobic digestion of livestock manure in cold regions: Technological advancements and global impacts. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2019; 119 ():109494.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yao Yao; Gordon Huang; ChunJiang An; Xiujuan Chen; Peng Zhang; Xiaying Xin; Jian Shen; Joy Agnew. 2019. "Anaerobic digestion of livestock manure in cold regions: Technological advancements and global impacts." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 119, no. : 109494.

Journal article
Published: 14 September 2019 in Chemosphere
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Multi-soil-layering (MSL) system with brick-wall pattern structure and gravitational flow can be used for decentralized rural domestic sewage treatment. The capability of soil for contaminant removal is maximized within soil mixture blocks (SMBs). However, the performance of removing nitrate was still not ideal during operation. To improve its performance in MSL system, the relationship between biophysiological characteristics of denitrifying species and operating conditions was studied. Microbial species diversity of activated sludge and soil samples were analyzed. The significant effects of independent factors and their interactions on microbial species diversity and denitrifying species abundance were revealed on the basis of factorial analysis. The results indicated activated sludge in SMBs played a key role in increasing the richness of denitrifying species in MSL system. Slow-release poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) had the most dominant positive effect on increasing denitrifying species abundance. Submersion had significantly positive effect on species richness in SMBs. These three factors, including activated sludge, PBS in SMBs, and submersion condition had different significant effects on microbial responses. They were favorable for denitrification and ensuring a better removal efficiency of nitrate and total nitrogen. The porous zeolites were served as the habitats for most of aerobic bacteria to form biofilms, which could promote the oxygen consumption in both sewage and system to improve denitrification in SMBs. The results could help on the enhancement of denitrification in MSL system from biophysiological insights. It can provide a sound strategy for using MSL system with great performance on contaminant removal.

ACS Style

Pei Song; Guohe Huang; Yongyuan Hong; ChunJiang An; Xiaying Xin; Peng Zhang. A biophysiological perspective on enhanced nitrate removal from decentralized domestic sewage using gravitational-flow multi-soil-layering systems. Chemosphere 2019, 240, 124868 .

AMA Style

Pei Song, Guohe Huang, Yongyuan Hong, ChunJiang An, Xiaying Xin, Peng Zhang. A biophysiological perspective on enhanced nitrate removal from decentralized domestic sewage using gravitational-flow multi-soil-layering systems. Chemosphere. 2019; 240 ():124868.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pei Song; Guohe Huang; Yongyuan Hong; ChunJiang An; Xiaying Xin; Peng Zhang. 2019. "A biophysiological perspective on enhanced nitrate removal from decentralized domestic sewage using gravitational-flow multi-soil-layering systems." Chemosphere 240, no. : 124868.

Journal article
Published: 19 July 2019 in Environmental Science & Technology
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This study explored the toxicity of triclosan in the presence of TiO2 P25 to the green alga Eremosphaera viridis in Lake Erie. Multiple physicochemical end points were conducted to perform a comprehensive analysis of the toxic effects of individual and combined pollutants. Fourier transform infrared spectromicroscopy and synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence imaging were first documented to be applied to explore the distribution variation of macromolecules and microelements in single algal cells in interactive toxicity studies. The results were different based on different triclosan concentrations and measurement end points. Comparing with individual pollutants, the toxicity intensified in lipids, proteins, and oxidative stress at 1000 and 4000 μg/L triclosan in the presence of P25. There were increases in dry weight, chlorophyll content, lipids, and catalase content when cells were exposed to P25 and 15.625 μg/L triclosan. The toxicity alleviated when P25 interacted with 62.5 and 250 μg/L triclosan compared with triclosan-only exposure. The reasons could be attributed to the combination of adsorption, biodegradation, and photocatalysis of triclosan by algae and P25, triclosan dispersion by increased biomass, triclosan adherency on algal exudates, and triclosan adsorption site reduction on algae surface owing to P25's taking over. This work provides new insights into the interactive toxicity of nanoparticles and personal care products to freshwater photosynthetic organisms. The findings can help with risk evaluation for predicting outcomes of exposure to mixtures and with prioritizing further studies on joint toxicity.

ACS Style

Xiaying Xin; Gordon Huang; ChunJiang An; Renfei Feng. Interactive Toxicity of Triclosan and Nano-TiO2to Green AlgaEremosphaera viridisin Lake Erie: A New Perspective Based on Fourier Transform Infrared Spectromicroscopy and Synchrotron-Based X-ray Fluorescence Imaging. Environmental Science & Technology 2019, 53, 9884 -9894.

AMA Style

Xiaying Xin, Gordon Huang, ChunJiang An, Renfei Feng. Interactive Toxicity of Triclosan and Nano-TiO2to Green AlgaEremosphaera viridisin Lake Erie: A New Perspective Based on Fourier Transform Infrared Spectromicroscopy and Synchrotron-Based X-ray Fluorescence Imaging. Environmental Science & Technology. 2019; 53 (16):9884-9894.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiaying Xin; Gordon Huang; ChunJiang An; Renfei Feng. 2019. "Interactive Toxicity of Triclosan and Nano-TiO2to Green AlgaEremosphaera viridisin Lake Erie: A New Perspective Based on Fourier Transform Infrared Spectromicroscopy and Synchrotron-Based X-ray Fluorescence Imaging." Environmental Science & Technology 53, no. 16: 9884-9894.

Research article
Published: 22 May 2019 in Analytical Chemistry
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The study explored the chronic toxicity of triclosan to green microalga Chlorococcum sp. under multiple interactions among environmental conditions. This is the first study on chronic algal toxicity to combine synchrotron-based Fourier transform infrared spectromicroscopy, factorial analysis, principal component analysis and stepwise-cluster analysis. Such combination helps reveal toxic mechanism at molecule level and explore inner correlationship among multiple environmental conditions. In 120-h test, nitrogen content became the most significant factor to physiochemical properties. Some insignificant factors in 48-h test became significant in 120-h test. Temperature * nitrogen content, temperature * phosphorus content, and pH * phosphorus content were the most significant two-order interactive factors. Temperature * pH * NaCl concentration and temperature * NaCl concentration * phosphorus content were the most significant three-order interactive effects. More high-order interactions became significant in 120-h test, indicating the complexity and impacts of all factors may increase when time extended. The chronic toxicity of triclosan presented more distinguishable variations among treatments based on biochemical alterations. These results demonstrate the sensitivity and fragility of algae to triclosan can be amplified with time extension. Long-term exposure can be applied to better evaluate and predict the environmental toxicity behavior of triclosan. It can also help with environmental evaluation and risk management of real-world triclosan toxicity.

ACS Style

Xiaying Xin; Guohe (Gordon) Huang; ChunJiang An; Harold Weger; Guanhui Cheng; Jian Shen; Scott Rosendahl. Analyzing the Biochemical Alteration of Green Algae During Chronic Exposure to Triclosan Based on Synchrotron-Based Fourier Transform Infrared Spectromicroscopy. Analytical Chemistry 2019, 91, 7798 -7806.

AMA Style

Xiaying Xin, Guohe (Gordon) Huang, ChunJiang An, Harold Weger, Guanhui Cheng, Jian Shen, Scott Rosendahl. Analyzing the Biochemical Alteration of Green Algae During Chronic Exposure to Triclosan Based on Synchrotron-Based Fourier Transform Infrared Spectromicroscopy. Analytical Chemistry. 2019; 91 (12):7798-7806.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiaying Xin; Guohe (Gordon) Huang; ChunJiang An; Harold Weger; Guanhui Cheng; Jian Shen; Scott Rosendahl. 2019. "Analyzing the Biochemical Alteration of Green Algae During Chronic Exposure to Triclosan Based on Synchrotron-Based Fourier Transform Infrared Spectromicroscopy." Analytical Chemistry 91, no. 12: 7798-7806.

Journal article
Published: 02 April 2019 in Journal of Environmental Management
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Domestic sewage in rural areas is often poorly treated and discharged into waters, resulting in negative impacts on regional environment, natural resources and human health. A cost-efficient decentralized sewage treatment technology is sustainably necessary for rural areas. In this study, a modified multi-soil-layering (MSL) system was developed to specifically treat low C/N ratio domestic sewage in rural areas. The results proved the good performance of MSLs in sewage treatment under complex conditions. The highest degradation rates of COD, TP, NH4+-N, NO3−-N, TN among all the devices could reach 98.29%, 100%, 76.60%, 96.15% and 69.86%, respectively. During the operation, MSL5 and MSL6 showed the best overall performance of contaminant removal. The effects of single factors and their interactions on the performance of MSL systems were further revealed through factorial analyses. In order to simulate and predict nitrogen removal of MSL system, a statistical relationship between TN removal rate and operation parameters was also successfully developed based on stepwise cluster analysis. Such modeling of nitrogen removal model can help develop an optimal strategy for the operation of MSL in treating low C/N ratio sewage from rural areas.

ACS Style

Yongyuan Hong; Guohe Huang; ChunJiang An; Pei Song; Xiaying Xin; Xiujuan Chen; Peng Zhang; Yanyun Zhao; Rubing Zheng. Enhanced nitrogen removal in the treatment of rural domestic sewage using vertical-flow multi-soil-layering systems: Experimental and modeling insights. Journal of Environmental Management 2019, 240, 273 -284.

AMA Style

Yongyuan Hong, Guohe Huang, ChunJiang An, Pei Song, Xiaying Xin, Xiujuan Chen, Peng Zhang, Yanyun Zhao, Rubing Zheng. Enhanced nitrogen removal in the treatment of rural domestic sewage using vertical-flow multi-soil-layering systems: Experimental and modeling insights. Journal of Environmental Management. 2019; 240 ():273-284.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yongyuan Hong; Guohe Huang; ChunJiang An; Pei Song; Xiaying Xin; Xiujuan Chen; Peng Zhang; Yanyun Zhao; Rubing Zheng. 2019. "Enhanced nitrogen removal in the treatment of rural domestic sewage using vertical-flow multi-soil-layering systems: Experimental and modeling insights." Journal of Environmental Management 240, no. : 273-284.

Journal article
Published: 14 August 2018 in Journal of Environmental Management
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Multi-soil-layering (MSL) system was developed as an attractive alternative to traditional land-based treatment techniques. Within MSL system, the environmental cleanup capability of soil is maximized, while the soil microbial communities may also change during operation. This study aimed to reveal the nature of biophysiological changes in MSL systems during operation. The species diversity in soil mixture blocks was analyzed using Illumina HiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The interactive effects of operating factors on species richness, community diversity and bacteria abundance correlated with COD, N and P removal were revealed through factorial analysis. The results indicated the main factors, aeration, bottom submersion and microbial amendment, had different significant effects on microbial responses. The surface area and porosity of zeolites in permeable layers decreased due to the absorption of extracellular polymeric substances. The findings were applied for the design and building of a full-size MSL system in field and satisfied removal efficiency was achieved. The results of this study can help better understand the mechanisms of pollutant reduction within MSL systems from microbial insights. It will have important implications for developing appropriate strategies for operating MSL systems with high efficiency and less risks.

ACS Style

Ju Shen; Guohe Huang; ChunJiang An; Pei Song; Xiaying Xin; Yao Yao; Rubing Zheng. Biophysiological and factorial analyses in the treatment of rural domestic wastewater using multi-soil-layering systems. Journal of Environmental Management 2018, 226, 83 -94.

AMA Style

Ju Shen, Guohe Huang, ChunJiang An, Pei Song, Xiaying Xin, Yao Yao, Rubing Zheng. Biophysiological and factorial analyses in the treatment of rural domestic wastewater using multi-soil-layering systems. Journal of Environmental Management. 2018; 226 ():83-94.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ju Shen; Guohe Huang; ChunJiang An; Pei Song; Xiaying Xin; Yao Yao; Rubing Zheng. 2018. "Biophysiological and factorial analyses in the treatment of rural domestic wastewater using multi-soil-layering systems." Journal of Environmental Management 226, no. : 83-94.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2018 in Science of The Total Environment
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Lack of access to safe water is a challenge in many developing countries, especially in rural areas. It is urgent to develop cost-effective water purification technologies to guarantee drinking water safety in these areas. The present study investigated the reduction of Escherichia coli (E. coli) using ceramic disk filters (CDFs) decorated by nano-TiO2. The production of CDFs coated with nano-TiO2 in terms of rice-husk ratio, rice-husk particle size, heating hold time and nano-TiO2 mass fraction was optimized. The results show that the optimum conditions for CDFs with nano-TiO2 coating included rice-husk ratio of 29.03%, rice-husk particle size of 0.28mm, heating hold time of 1.41h and nano-TiO2 mass fraction of 2.21%. Additionally, the morphological and crystal phase characteristics of CDFs were revealed after the decoration by nano-TiO2. The effects of temperature, influent E. coli concentration, lamp power and their interactions were explored via factorial analysis. Influent E. coli concentration and lamp power had significant effects on E. coli removal efficiency. This study provided the solid theoretical support for understanding the production and bacteria inactivation relevant to CDFs impregnated with nano-TiO2. The results have important implications for finding a safe and cost-effective approach to solve drinking water problems in developing countries.

ACS Style

Yuan He; Guohe (Gordon) Huang; ChunJiang An; Jing Huang; Peng Zhang; Xiujuan Chen; Xiaying Xin. Reduction of Escherichia Coli using ceramic disk filter decorated by nano-TiO2: A low-cost solution for household water purification. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 616-617, 1628 -1637.

AMA Style

Yuan He, Guohe (Gordon) Huang, ChunJiang An, Jing Huang, Peng Zhang, Xiujuan Chen, Xiaying Xin. Reduction of Escherichia Coli using ceramic disk filter decorated by nano-TiO2: A low-cost solution for household water purification. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 616-617 ():1628-1637.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuan He; Guohe (Gordon) Huang; ChunJiang An; Jing Huang; Peng Zhang; Xiujuan Chen; Xiaying Xin. 2018. "Reduction of Escherichia Coli using ceramic disk filter decorated by nano-TiO2: A low-cost solution for household water purification." Science of The Total Environment 616-617, no. : 1628-1637.

Research article
Published: 09 February 2018 in Environmental Science & Technology
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This study investigated the toxicity of triclosan to the green microalga Chlorococcum sp. under multiple environmental stressors. The interactions between triclosan and environmental stressors were explored through full two-way factorial, synchrotron-based Fourier transform infrared spectromicroscopy, and principal component analyses. Phosphorus concentration, pH * phosphorus concentration, temperature * pH * NaCl concentration were the most statistically significant factors under triclosan exposure. The variation of those factors would have a huge impact on biophysiological performances. It is interesting to find Chlorococcum sp. may become more resistant against triclosan in phosphorus-enriched environment. Besides, particular significant factors from multiple environmental stressors showed the impacts of triclosan on the corresponding response of Chlorococcum sp. owing to the specific structure and performance of biomolecular components. Moreover, two high-order interactions of temperature * pH * NaCl concentration and temperature * pH * NaCl concentration * phosphorus concentration had more contributions than others at subcellular level, which could be attributed to the interactive complexity of biomolecular components. Due to cellular self-regulation mechanism and short exposure time, the biophysiological changes of Chlorococcum sp. were undramatic. These findings can help reveal the interactive complexity among triclosan and multiple environmental stressors. It is suggested that multiple environmental stressors should be considered during ecological risk assessment and management of emerging pollutants.

ACS Style

Xiaying Xin; Guohe Huang; ChunJiang An; Charley Huang; Harold Weger; Shan Zhao; Yang Zhou; Scott M Rosendahl. Insights into the Toxicity of Triclosan to Green Microalga Chlorococcum sp. Using Synchrotron-Based Fourier Transform Infrared Spectromicroscopy: Biophysiological Analyses and Roles of Environmental Factors. Environmental Science & Technology 2018, 52, 2295 -2306.

AMA Style

Xiaying Xin, Guohe Huang, ChunJiang An, Charley Huang, Harold Weger, Shan Zhao, Yang Zhou, Scott M Rosendahl. Insights into the Toxicity of Triclosan to Green Microalga Chlorococcum sp. Using Synchrotron-Based Fourier Transform Infrared Spectromicroscopy: Biophysiological Analyses and Roles of Environmental Factors. Environmental Science & Technology. 2018; 52 (4):2295-2306.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiaying Xin; Guohe Huang; ChunJiang An; Charley Huang; Harold Weger; Shan Zhao; Yang Zhou; Scott M Rosendahl. 2018. "Insights into the Toxicity of Triclosan to Green Microalga Chlorococcum sp. Using Synchrotron-Based Fourier Transform Infrared Spectromicroscopy: Biophysiological Analyses and Roles of Environmental Factors." Environmental Science & Technology 52, no. 4: 2295-2306.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Bioresource Technology
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This study explored the adsorption of Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) on pinecone-derived activated charcoal. The interactions between TBBPA and activated-charcoal surface, as well as the corresponding effects of functionality and adsorption capacities, were investigated through synchrotron FTIR, kinetics and surface functionality analyses. It was found that multiple acid functional groups and their interactive effects played important roles. The adsorption on activated charcoal from Yellow pinecone was favored by the surface with high polarity, low aromaticity, and low surface area. In comparison, adsorption on activated charcoal from Scot pinecone was favored by the surface with high aromaticity and high surface area. The adsorption capacity and removal efficiency were significantly dependent upon the contents of acid functional groups on charcoal surface. This study showed that the newly presented evidence of interactions between oxygen-containing functional groups and TBBPA will be helpful for exploring the treatment and transport of such a contaminant in the environment.

ACS Style

Jian Shen; Gordon Huang; ChunJiang An; Xiaying Xin; Charley Huang; Scott Rosendahl. Removal of Tetrabromobisphenol A by adsorption on pinecone-derived activated charcoals: Synchrotron FTIR, kinetics and surface functionality analyses. Bioresource Technology 2018, 247, 812 -820.

AMA Style

Jian Shen, Gordon Huang, ChunJiang An, Xiaying Xin, Charley Huang, Scott Rosendahl. Removal of Tetrabromobisphenol A by adsorption on pinecone-derived activated charcoals: Synchrotron FTIR, kinetics and surface functionality analyses. Bioresource Technology. 2018; 247 ():812-820.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jian Shen; Gordon Huang; ChunJiang An; Xiaying Xin; Charley Huang; Scott Rosendahl. 2018. "Removal of Tetrabromobisphenol A by adsorption on pinecone-derived activated charcoals: Synchrotron FTIR, kinetics and surface functionality analyses." Bioresource Technology 247, no. : 812-820.