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Dr. Adrien Sedeaud
INSEP (Institut National du Sport, de l'expertise et de la Performance)

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Short Biography

Sport Scientist at INSEP (Institut National du Sport de l'Expertise et de la Performance), in IRMES lab (Institut de Recherche bioMédicale et d’Epidémiologie du Sport), 11 Avenue du Tremblay, 75012 PARIS

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Brief report
Published: 09 March 2021 in Sustainability
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The purpose was to observe the effects of a four-week lockdown on the resting heart rate (RHR) and well-being perception of elite swimmers. Twenty elite swimmers performed RHR measurements upon waking in supine and standing positions. Baseline values and those measured after four weeks of lockdown were compared. Swimmers completed a questionnaire on their training volume and state of well-being. During the lockdown, swimmers reported a weekly mean physical activity of 10.4 ± 3.6 h (an estimated reduction of 254% compared to their usual training volume). After four weeks of lockdown, RHR in the supine position increased by more than two beats per minute (58.8 ± 8.2 vs. 56.5 ± 7.4 bpm, p < 0.05). In the standing position, RHR increased by almost 15 beats per minute (103.3 ± 13.2 vs. 88.4 ± 9.4 bpm, p < 0.0001). Fifty percent of these athletes expressed a decrease in well-being. These results underline that the lockdown circumstances induced a large reduction in parasympathetic activity in elite athletes, which was associated with a decrease in training volume. This increase in RHR may reflect that a highatly strenuous environment and maintaining a high level of physical activity in this population could be favorable to preserve physical and psychological health.

ACS Style

Robin Pla; Laurent Bosquet; Anaël Aubry; Jean-François Toussaint; Adrien Sedeaud. Resting Heart Rate Measurement in Elite Athletes during COVID-19 Lockdown: The Impact of Decreased Physical Activity. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2970 .

AMA Style

Robin Pla, Laurent Bosquet, Anaël Aubry, Jean-François Toussaint, Adrien Sedeaud. Resting Heart Rate Measurement in Elite Athletes during COVID-19 Lockdown: The Impact of Decreased Physical Activity. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2970.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Robin Pla; Laurent Bosquet; Anaël Aubry; Jean-François Toussaint; Adrien Sedeaud. 2021. "Resting Heart Rate Measurement in Elite Athletes during COVID-19 Lockdown: The Impact of Decreased Physical Activity." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2970.

Original research article
Published: 28 January 2021 in Frontiers in Sports and Active Living
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International elite Para swimmers form a large portion of the overall multi-medalist winning population. For the highest performing Para swimmers, world class performances were achieved across different strokes. The aim of this study was to quantify the level of involvement across different events and to examine this in relation to the level of performance. The performances in swimming speed of the top 100 females and males for both Para- and non-disabled swimmers were collected in 11 race events between 2009 and 2019 (4,400 performances for 307 Para females and 365 Para males, 605 non-disabled females, and 715 non-disabled males). We tallied the number of events in which each swimmer was involved. Swimmers were grouped according to the total number of race events in which they participated. Then the association between involvement and level of performance was investigated. Para swimmers with impairment from classes seven to 14 were involved in a range of race events across different strokes. The most common combination for both Para and non-disabled athletes was over similarly distanced races of the same stroke (50 and 100 m freestyle). The more race events in which Para swimmers involved, the higher the level of performance that was achieved. This trend can partially be explained by the less concentrated competition pool for Para swimmers compared to able-bodied swimmers. Para swimmers with minimal and no physical impairment perform in multiple race events more often than able-bodied swimmers. Fewer Para swimmers at the international level and a less concentrated competition pool could explain these differences.

ACS Style

Julien Schipman; Guillaume Saulière; Bryan Le Toquin; Andy Marc; Nicolas Forstmann; Jean-François Toussaint; Adrien Sedeaud. Involvement in Multiple Race Events Among International Para and Non-disabled Swimmers. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living 2021, 2, 1 .

AMA Style

Julien Schipman, Guillaume Saulière, Bryan Le Toquin, Andy Marc, Nicolas Forstmann, Jean-François Toussaint, Adrien Sedeaud. Involvement in Multiple Race Events Among International Para and Non-disabled Swimmers. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living. 2021; 2 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Julien Schipman; Guillaume Saulière; Bryan Le Toquin; Andy Marc; Nicolas Forstmann; Jean-François Toussaint; Adrien Sedeaud. 2021. "Involvement in Multiple Race Events Among International Para and Non-disabled Swimmers." Frontiers in Sports and Active Living 2, no. : 1.

Original research article
Published: 02 December 2020 in Frontiers in Sports and Active Living
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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine and weigh the anthropometric indicators that were associated with pacing performances for each Olympic rowing category.Methods: Between 2010 and 2015, 1,148 rowers (650 men and 498 women) participated in the finals of World Championships in each heavyweight Olympic event. They were categorized into four morphological clusters according to their height and body mass index (BMI): tall and thin (TT), tall and robust (TR), small and thin (ST), and small and robust (SR). Time and speed, were collected every 50 m for all boats in each competition. Non-parametric inferential methods were used to understand the differences in performance between morphological clusters over the entire race. After, we calculated a new indicator to determine the differences between these morphotypes within the race.Results: In this article, we determined which morphologies had a significant effect on speed for both men and women. For example, the biggest rowers were the fastest in skiff. Analysis of each 50 m demonstrated that between the four morphological categories that the TR male athletes were significantly faster than their ST counterparts between the 800 and 2,000 m of the race by 1.76% of mean speed. Furthermore, the SR were the fastest in female coxless pairs over the majority of the race. These differences in speed by morphological cluster are summarized, by race segment, for all categories and sex.Conclusion: Anthropometric factors impact pacing among rowers' categories. Coupling anthropometry and race pacing is not only helpful to understand which factors work where, but is also helpful in improving training and performance. This can help both in the recruiting of rowers for specific boats and adapting the race strategy. In future, the method used can be adapted for factors other than anthropometry. It can also be individualized to enable athletes to prepare for their race according to future competitors.

ACS Style

Quentin De Larochelambert; Scott Del Vecchio; Arthur Leroy; Stephanie Duncombe; Jean-Francois Toussaint; Adrien Sedeaud. Body and Boat: Significance of Morphology on Elite Rowing Performance. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living 2020, 2, 1 .

AMA Style

Quentin De Larochelambert, Scott Del Vecchio, Arthur Leroy, Stephanie Duncombe, Jean-Francois Toussaint, Adrien Sedeaud. Body and Boat: Significance of Morphology on Elite Rowing Performance. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living. 2020; 2 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Quentin De Larochelambert; Scott Del Vecchio; Arthur Leroy; Stephanie Duncombe; Jean-Francois Toussaint; Adrien Sedeaud. 2020. "Body and Boat: Significance of Morphology on Elite Rowing Performance." Frontiers in Sports and Active Living 2, no. : 1.

Physiology
Published: 28 August 2020 in Frontiers in Physiology
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Objective: To examine the relationships between the occurrence and severity of injuries using three workload ratios (ACWR, EWMA, REDI) in elite female soccer players and international male and female pentathletes. Materials and Methods: Female soccer players in the U16 to U18 national French teams (n = 24) and international athletes (n = 12, 4 women and 8 men) in the French modern pentathlon team were monitored throughout an entire season. The Acute Chronic Workload Ratio (ACWR), the Exponentially Weighted Moving Averages (EWMA), and the Robust Exponential Decreasing Index (REDI) were calculated for internal load by the ROE method in soccer and external load in pentathlon. The occurrence and severity of injuries (determined according to time-loss) were quantified in the sweet spot zone [0.8; 1.3] and compared to the other zones of load variation: [0; 0.8], [1.3; 1.5], [1.5; +8], using the three ratios. Results: Over the study period, a total of sixty-six injuries (2.75 per athlete) were reported in the soccer players and twelve in pentathletes (1 per athlete). The cumulative severity of all injuries was 788 days lost in soccer and 36 in pentathlon: respectively, 11.9 days lost per injury in soccer player and 3.0 per pentathlete. The mean values across the three methods in soccer showed a higher number of injuries detected in the [0; 0.8] workload ratio zone: 22.3 ± 6.4. They were 17.3 ± 3.5 in the sweet spot ([0.8–1.3] zone) and 17.6 ± 5.5 in the [1.5; +8] zone. In comparison to the [1.5; +8] zone, soccer players reported a higher number of days lost to injuries in the presumed sweet spot and in the [0–0.8] zone: 204.7 ± 28.7 and 275.0 ± 120.7 days, respectively. In pentathletes, ten of the twelve injuries (83.3%) occurred in the presumed sweet spot. REDI was the only method capable of tracking workloads over all-time series. Conclusion: In the present cohort of elite soccer players and pentathletes, acute chronic workload calculations showed an association with injury occurrence and severity but did not provide evidence supporting existence of a sweet spot diminishing injury risk.

ACS Style

Adrien Sedeaud; Quentin De Larochelambert; Issa Moussa; Didier Brasse; Jean-Maxence Berrou; Stephanie Duncombe; Juliana Antero; Emmanuel Orhant; Christopher Carling; Jean-Francois Toussaint. Does an Optimal Relationship Between Injury Risk and Workload Represented by the “Sweet Spot” Really Exist? An Example From Elite French Soccer Players and Pentathletes. Frontiers in Physiology 2020, 11, 1 .

AMA Style

Adrien Sedeaud, Quentin De Larochelambert, Issa Moussa, Didier Brasse, Jean-Maxence Berrou, Stephanie Duncombe, Juliana Antero, Emmanuel Orhant, Christopher Carling, Jean-Francois Toussaint. Does an Optimal Relationship Between Injury Risk and Workload Represented by the “Sweet Spot” Really Exist? An Example From Elite French Soccer Players and Pentathletes. Frontiers in Physiology. 2020; 11 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adrien Sedeaud; Quentin De Larochelambert; Issa Moussa; Didier Brasse; Jean-Maxence Berrou; Stephanie Duncombe; Juliana Antero; Emmanuel Orhant; Christopher Carling; Jean-Francois Toussaint. 2020. "Does an Optimal Relationship Between Injury Risk and Workload Represented by the “Sweet Spot” Really Exist? An Example From Elite French Soccer Players and Pentathletes." Frontiers in Physiology 11, no. : 1.

Original article
Published: 30 October 2019 in BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine
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Objective The purpose of this study was to define a new index the Robust Exponential Decreasing Index (REDI), which is capable of an improved analysis of the cumulative workload. This allows for precise control of the decreasing influence of load over time. Additionally, REDI is robust to missing data that are frequently present in sport. Methods 200 cumulative workloads were simulated in two ways (Gaussian and uniform distributions) to test the robustness and flexibility of the REDI, as compared with classical methods (acute:chronic workload ratio and exponentially weighted moving average). Theoretical properties have been highlighted especially around the decreasing parameter. Results The REDI allows practitioners to consistently monitor load with missing data as it remains consistent even when a significant portion of the dataset is absent. Adjusting the decreasing parameter allows practitioners to choose the weight given to each daily workload. Discussion Computation of cumulative workload is not easy due to many factors (weekends, international training sessions, national selections and injuries). Several practical and theoretical drawbacks of the existing indices are discussed in the paper, especially in the context of missing data; the REDI aims to settle some of them. The decreasing parameter may be modified according to the studied sport. Further research should focus on methodology around setting this parameter. Conclusion The robust and adaptable nature of the REDI is a credible alternative for computing a cumulative workload with decreasing weight over time.

ACS Style

Issa Moussa; Arthur Leroy; Guillaume Sauliere; Julien Schipman; Jean-François Toussaint; Adrien Sedeaud. Robust Exponential Decreasing Index (REDI): adaptive and robust method for computing cumulated workload. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 2019, 5, e000573 .

AMA Style

Issa Moussa, Arthur Leroy, Guillaume Sauliere, Julien Schipman, Jean-François Toussaint, Adrien Sedeaud. Robust Exponential Decreasing Index (REDI): adaptive and robust method for computing cumulated workload. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine. 2019; 5 (1):e000573.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Issa Moussa; Arthur Leroy; Guillaume Sauliere; Julien Schipman; Jean-François Toussaint; Adrien Sedeaud. 2019. "Robust Exponential Decreasing Index (REDI): adaptive and robust method for computing cumulated workload." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 5, no. 1: e000573.

Original research article
Published: 11 October 2019 in Frontiers in Sports and Active Living
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Objectives: The aim of this study was to quantify collective experience based on cumulative shared selections of players and to assess its impact on team performance in international rugby union. We assume that the greater the experience, the better the group will perform. Methods: Scoresheets of all games involving at least one of all 10 nations participating at the Rugby Championship and the Six Nations Championship were collected from the end of the 1999 Rugby World Cup (RWC) up to the 2015 RWC. A single indicator quantifying the cumulative shared selections (CSS, the number of selections that each player has shared with the other ones) was computed for each match as a key collective experience indicator. The World Rugby Ranking points of each nation and the percentage of victories were used to estimate team performance. The study period was divided into sequences of 4 years corresponding to the period between two consecutive RWCs. For each sequence and nation, slopes and intercept of CSS trends were computed along with victory percentage and mean ranking points. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to establish the associations between team performance and experience. Results: In regards to the CSS trends, both intra- and inter-nation variability appears to exist. Positive and negative slopes can be observed for the same team from one 4-year cycle to the next. Still, CSS slope is found to be significantly associated with both ranking points (p value = 0.042, R2 = 0.13) and victory percentage (p value = 0.001, R2 = 0.42). Conclusion: The evolution of the CSS that quantifies the collective experience of a team is linked to its performance. Such an indicator could be helpful in the decision-making process of national coaching staff.

ACS Style

Guillaume Saulière; Jérôme Dedecker; Issa Moussa; Julien Schipman; Jean-François Toussaint; Adrien Sedeaud. Quantifying Collective Performance in Rugby Union. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living 2019, 1, 1 .

AMA Style

Guillaume Saulière, Jérôme Dedecker, Issa Moussa, Julien Schipman, Jean-François Toussaint, Adrien Sedeaud. Quantifying Collective Performance in Rugby Union. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living. 2019; 1 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guillaume Saulière; Jérôme Dedecker; Issa Moussa; Julien Schipman; Jean-François Toussaint; Adrien Sedeaud. 2019. "Quantifying Collective Performance in Rugby Union." Frontiers in Sports and Active Living 1, no. : 1.

Original article
Published: 14 June 2019 in BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine
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ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to quantify the impact of morphological characteristics on freestyle swimming performance by event and gender.DesignHeight, mass, body mass index (BMI) and speed data were collected for the top 100 international male and female swimmers from 50 to 1500 m freestyle events for the 2000–2014 seasons.MethodsSeveral Bayesian hierarchical regressions were performed on race speed with height, mass and BMI as predictors. Posterior probability distributions were computed using Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms.ResultsRegression results exhibited relationships between morphology and performance for both genders and all race distances. Height was always positively correlated with speed with a 95% probability. Conversely, mass plays a different role according to the context. Heavier profiles seem favourable on sprint distances, whereas mass becomes a handicap as distance increases. Male and female swimmers present several differences on the influence of morphology on speed, particularly about the mass. Best morphological profiles are associated with a gain of speed of 0.7%–3.0% for men and 1%–6% for women, depending on race distance. BMI has been investigated as a predictor of race speed but appears as weakly informative in this context.ConclusionMorphological indicators such as height and mass strongly contribute to swimming performance from sprint to distance events, and this contribution is quantified for each race distance. These profiles may help swimming federations to detect athletes and drive them to compete in specific distances according to their morphology.

ACS Style

Robin Pla; Arthur Leroy; Romain Massal; Maxime Bellami; Fatima Kaillani; Philippe Hellard; Jean-François Toussaint; Adrien Sedeaud. Bayesian approach to quantify morphological impact on performance in international elite freestyle swimming. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 2019, 5, e000543 .

AMA Style

Robin Pla, Arthur Leroy, Romain Massal, Maxime Bellami, Fatima Kaillani, Philippe Hellard, Jean-François Toussaint, Adrien Sedeaud. Bayesian approach to quantify morphological impact on performance in international elite freestyle swimming. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine. 2019; 5 (1):e000543.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Robin Pla; Arthur Leroy; Romain Massal; Maxime Bellami; Fatima Kaillani; Philippe Hellard; Jean-François Toussaint; Adrien Sedeaud. 2019. "Bayesian approach to quantify morphological impact on performance in international elite freestyle swimming." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 5, no. 1: e000543.

Original research article
Published: 19 March 2019 in Frontiers in Physiology
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During the last decades, all para-athletes with disabilities have significantly increased their performance level due to technological progress and human investment, through better training or recovery protocols, medical care and nutritional monitoring. Among these elements, the athlete’s age is one of the determining factors in performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of age on maximal performances for para-athletes and wheelchair racing athletes, scaled on able-bodied records. We collected 53,554 results including athlete’s best performance of the year, event, age and disability classification from the International Paralympic Committee competitions between 2009 and 2017 for both female and male para-athletics and wheelchair racing disciplines for a total of 472 sport events in Track and Field (considering each impairment type for each event) and gathered the all-time able-bodied records from the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) at the end of 2017. Maximal performance by age was fitted with the Moore function for each para-athletics and wheelchair racing event. This study finds a similar age-related pattern in maximal performance among para-athletes and wheelchair racing athletes. The age at peak performance varies according to sex, impairment type and event and increases gradually from sprint to endurance events. The best Top 100 performances include a large age range suggesting that performance has probably not been optimized yet for most elite para-athletes and wheelchair racers. The next Paralympic Games of Tokyo 2020 and Paris 2024 will certainly offer exceptional performance.

ACS Style

Julien Schipman; Pasquale Gallo; Andy Marc; Juliana Antero; Jean-François Toussaint; Adrien Sedeaud; Adrien Marck. Age-Related Changes in Para and Wheelchair Racing Athlete’s Performances. Frontiers in Physiology 2019, 10, 256 .

AMA Style

Julien Schipman, Pasquale Gallo, Andy Marc, Juliana Antero, Jean-François Toussaint, Adrien Sedeaud, Adrien Marck. Age-Related Changes in Para and Wheelchair Racing Athlete’s Performances. Frontiers in Physiology. 2019; 10 ():256.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Julien Schipman; Pasquale Gallo; Andy Marc; Juliana Antero; Jean-François Toussaint; Adrien Sedeaud; Adrien Marck. 2019. "Age-Related Changes in Para and Wheelchair Racing Athlete’s Performances." Frontiers in Physiology 10, no. : 256.

Review
Published: 03 September 2018 in The Journals of Gerontology: Series A
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Maximal physical performances are powerful and accurate biomarkers in the understanding of age-related changes during the aging process. Previous studies have characterized age-related changes from Caenorhabditis elegans to Homo sapiens. We characterized changes in this pattern for H. sapiens, decade by decade, from 1970 to 2017. Using 286,916 performances related to age from the world’s best performances in each age group, we measured the relative change of 10 different running and jumping events for both women and men. We compared the change in sexual dimorphism with age and showed that the gender gap in maximal performance regarding age increases gradually, especially after the age of 50. Between 1970 and 2017, the performances for all age groups in all events have slightly progressed. However, during the last decades, the relative progression of the best performances for all age groups has decreased in both range and frequency, suggesting that age-related maximal physical performances for H. sapiens are reaching their physiological limits.

ACS Style

Adrien Marck; Juliana Antero; Geoffroy Berthelot; Stacey Johnson; Adrien Sedeaud; Arthur Leroy; Andy Marc; Michael Spedding; Jean-Marc Di Meglio; Jean-François Toussaint. Age-Related Upper Limits in Physical Performances. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A 2018, 74, 591 -599.

AMA Style

Adrien Marck, Juliana Antero, Geoffroy Berthelot, Stacey Johnson, Adrien Sedeaud, Arthur Leroy, Andy Marc, Michael Spedding, Jean-Marc Di Meglio, Jean-François Toussaint. Age-Related Upper Limits in Physical Performances. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A. 2018; 74 (5):591-599.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adrien Marck; Juliana Antero; Geoffroy Berthelot; Stacey Johnson; Adrien Sedeaud; Arthur Leroy; Andy Marc; Michael Spedding; Jean-Marc Di Meglio; Jean-François Toussaint. 2018. "Age-Related Upper Limits in Physical Performances." The Journals of Gerontology: Series A 74, no. 5: 591-599.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Journal of Athletic Enhancement
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Purpose: An increasing amount of people are turning to new challenges such as the completion of an ultra-marathon and choose to continue to train intensively despite advanced age. As a result, numerous epidemiological data are available and constitute an experimental model for the research community that studies the effects of aging on physiological functions. The objective of the study is to measure the relationships between age and performance over the entire athletic spectrum from 100 m up to the 6-day ultra-marathon event for men and women. Method: The Top 50 male and female ages and race speed races of all time were compiled with 12 events ranging from 100 m to 6-day races (N=1200). A second database made up of record race-speeds by age (N=1682) was created for all 12 events and for both genders. Results: For both genders, a very significant increase (p<0.01) in age for the Top 50 based on race distance is noticeable from the 100 m sprint to the 6-day race, with an even higher climb starting at the marathon. On the other hand, the age range also increases with the running distance for both genders. The area under the curve (AUC) decreases significantly (p<0.01) with the race distance for both genders. Conclusion: This study measured the impact of aging on the world's best performances ranging from sprints to ultra-endurance events in a context where peak-age performance increases with the distance of the event for both genders.

ACS Style

Andy Marc; Adrien Sedeaud; Julien Schipman; Guillaume Sauliere; Jean François Toussaint. Age and Performance from 10 Seconds to a 6-Days Race. Journal of Athletic Enhancement 2018, 07, 1 .

AMA Style

Andy Marc, Adrien Sedeaud, Julien Schipman, Guillaume Sauliere, Jean François Toussaint. Age and Performance from 10 Seconds to a 6-Days Race. Journal of Athletic Enhancement. 2018; 07 (04):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andy Marc; Adrien Sedeaud; Julien Schipman; Guillaume Sauliere; Jean François Toussaint. 2018. "Age and Performance from 10 Seconds to a 6-Days Race." Journal of Athletic Enhancement 07, no. 04: 1.

Applied sport sciences
Published: 26 February 2017 in European Journal of Sport Science
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The aim of this study was to quantify the impact of selections and shared selections in the rugby union. Players’ names, positions, and number of selections were collected for all XV de France’s games (1906–2014). Every team’s percentage of renewal of workforce was calculated for backs and forwards. During the 1987–2014 period, all second row forwards (locks), halfbacks, and centres’ shared selections (number of times when two players have competed together) were recreated. The Best vs. Rest method was applied to these remodelled dyads. They were analysed and compared with surrounding teammates as well as opponents. Head coaches similarly change their workforce for upcoming matches after winning or losing (around 30%), but losing teams renew significantly more positions in their line-ups. The recreated halfbacks, locks, and centres reveal a common pattern. Whether victorious or not, the ‘renewed couples’ victory percentage will congregate towards the XV de France’s victory percentage. For all the best recreated couples, the cumulated number of selections for forwards’ is always higher than the ones part of less efficient teams: 231.3 ± 80 vs. 212.9 ± 91 selections for locks’ teammates (Effect sizes (ES) small, possibly positive, 54.8%). In best recreated couples, number 8’s are significantly more experienced than their counterparts in less efficient pairs (ES small, likely positive, 76.3%). The XV de France’s collective effectiveness relies on a balance between stability and workforce renewal, which allows the building of specific position interactions and builds on experimented forwards packs. Selections and shared selections are serious collective performance parameters associated with performance.

ACS Style

Adrien Sedeaud; Guillaume Saulière; Laurie-Anne Marquet; Scott Del Vecchio; Avner Bar-Hen; Jean-François Toussaint. Collective effectiveness in the XV de France: selections and time matter. European Journal of Sport Science 2017, 17, 656 -664.

AMA Style

Adrien Sedeaud, Guillaume Saulière, Laurie-Anne Marquet, Scott Del Vecchio, Avner Bar-Hen, Jean-François Toussaint. Collective effectiveness in the XV de France: selections and time matter. European Journal of Sport Science. 2017; 17 (6):656-664.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adrien Sedeaud; Guillaume Saulière; Laurie-Anne Marquet; Scott Del Vecchio; Avner Bar-Hen; Jean-François Toussaint. 2017. "Collective effectiveness in the XV de France: selections and time matter." European Journal of Sport Science 17, no. 6: 656-664.

Research article
Published: 23 November 2015 in The American Journal of Sports Medicine
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Background: There is little known about return to sport and performance after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear in high-level alpine skiers. Purpose: To analyze the parameters that influence the return to sport and performance after an ACL tear in French alpine skiers from 1980 to 2013. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: The study population included 239 male and 238 female skiers who competed on the national French alpine ski team for at least 1 season between 1980 and 2013 in the speed (downhill and super-G) and technical disciplines (giant slalom and slalom). Two groups were formed: group 1 (G1) included athletes who had sustained an ACL rupture, and group 2 (G2) included athletes who had never sustained an ACL rupture. Three performance indicators were selected: International Ski Federation (FIS) points calculation, FIS ranking, and podium finishes in the World Cup, World Championships, and Olympic Games. Results: The first-decile FIS points and international FIS ranking showed that G1 skiers obtained better performance than did G2 skiers. The mean ± SD career length of G1 skiers (men, 7.9 ± 4.7 years; women, 7.1 ± 4.1 years) was longer than that of G2 skiers (men, 4.5 ± 3.3 years; women, 4.2 ± 3.5 years). In addition, 12.8% (61 of 477) of the skiers achieved at least a podium finish during their careers: 23.0% (34 of 148) in G1 and 8.3% (27 of 329) in G2. The mean age at ACL rupture was 22.6 ± 4.1 years for men and 19.9 ± 3.5 years for women. In G1, 55 podiums were achieved before ACL rupture and 176 after in all competitions. Skiers who improved their performances after ACL rupture were significantly younger (men, 22.2 ± 3.0 years; women, 18.7 ± 2.2 years; P < .0001) at the time of injury than those showing a performance deterioration after ACL rupture (men, 25.3 ± 4.2 years; women, 22.4 ± 4.0 years). All skiers who had ACL tears continued their competitive careers after the injury. Conclusion: The overall results showed that it is possible to return to preinjury or even higher levels of performance after an ACL rupture and that age is the main element that guides postsurgical recovery.

ACS Style

Amal Haida; Nicolas Coulmy; Frédéric Dor; Juliana Antero; Andy Marc; Thibaut Ledanois; Claire Tourny; Marie Philippe Rousseaux-Blanchi; Pierre Chambat; Adrien Sedeaud; Jean-François Toussaint. Return to Sport Among French Alpine Skiers After an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 2015, 44, 324 -330.

AMA Style

Amal Haida, Nicolas Coulmy, Frédéric Dor, Juliana Antero, Andy Marc, Thibaut Ledanois, Claire Tourny, Marie Philippe Rousseaux-Blanchi, Pierre Chambat, Adrien Sedeaud, Jean-François Toussaint. Return to Sport Among French Alpine Skiers After an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2015; 44 (2):324-330.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amal Haida; Nicolas Coulmy; Frédéric Dor; Juliana Antero; Andy Marc; Thibaut Ledanois; Claire Tourny; Marie Philippe Rousseaux-Blanchi; Pierre Chambat; Adrien Sedeaud; Jean-François Toussaint. 2015. "Return to Sport Among French Alpine Skiers After an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture." The American Journal of Sports Medicine 44, no. 2: 324-330.

Review article
Published: 21 June 2015 in Sports Medicine
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Limits to athletic performance have long been a topic of myth and debate. However, sport performance appears to have reached a state of stagnation in recent years, suggesting that the physical capabilities of humans and other athletic species, such as greyhounds and thoroughbreds, cannot progress indefinitely. Although the ultimate capabilities may be predictable, the exact path for the absolute maximal performance values remains difficult to assess and relies on technical innovations, sport regulation, and other parameters that depend on current societal and economic conditions. The aim of this literature review was to assess the possible plateau of top physical capabilities in various events and detail the historical backgrounds and sociocultural, anthropometrical, and physiological factors influencing the progress and regression of athletic performance. Time series of performances in Olympic disciplines, such as track and field and swimming events, from 1896 to 2012 reveal a major decrease in performance development. Such a saturation effect is simultaneous in greyhound, thoroughbred, and frog performances. The genetic condition, exhaustion of phenotypic pools, economic context, and the depletion of optimal morphological traits contribute to the observed limitation of physical capabilities. Present conditions prevailing, we approach absolute physical limits and endure a continued period of world record scarcity. Optional scenarios for further improvements will mostly depend on sport technology and modification competition rules.

ACS Style

Geoffroy Berthelot; Adrien Sedeaud; Adrien Marck; Juliana Antero; Julien Schipman; Guillaume Saulière; Andy Marc; François-Denis Desgorces; Jean-François Toussaint. Has Athletic Performance Reached its Peak? Sports Medicine 2015, 45, 1263 -1271.

AMA Style

Geoffroy Berthelot, Adrien Sedeaud, Adrien Marck, Juliana Antero, Julien Schipman, Guillaume Saulière, Andy Marc, François-Denis Desgorces, Jean-François Toussaint. Has Athletic Performance Reached its Peak? Sports Medicine. 2015; 45 (9):1263-1271.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Geoffroy Berthelot; Adrien Sedeaud; Adrien Marck; Juliana Antero; Julien Schipman; Guillaume Saulière; Andy Marc; François-Denis Desgorces; Jean-François Toussaint. 2015. "Has Athletic Performance Reached its Peak?" Sports Medicine 45, no. 9: 1263-1271.

Research article
Published: 17 November 2014 in PLOS ONE
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Strenuous endurance training required to participate in the highest sports level has been associated with deleterious effects on elite athletes' health and cardiac abnormalities. We aimed to describe overall mortality and main causes of deaths of male French rowers participating in at least one Olympic Game (OG) from 1912 to 2012 in comparison with the French general population. Identity information and vital status of French Olympic rowers were validated by National sources from 1912 to 2013 (study's endpoint) among 203 rowers; 52 out of 255 (20.3%) were excluded because their vital statuses could not be confirmed. Main causes of deaths were obtained from the National registry from 1968 up to 2012. Overall and disease-specific mortalities were calculated through standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) with its 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The overall mortality was calculated for the whole rowers' cohort (PT) and for two periods apart: (P1) including rowers from 1912 to 1936 OG, a cohort in which all rowers have deceased and (P2) considering rowers from 1948 to 2012 OG. Among the 203 rowers analysed, 46 died before the study's endpoint, mainly from neoplasms (33%), cardiovascular diseases (21%) and external causes (18%). PT demonstrates a significant 42% lower overall mortality (SMR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.43–0.78, p<0.001), P1 a 37% reduction (SMR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.43–0.89, p = 0.009) and P2 a 60% reduction (SMR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.23–0.65, p<0.001) compared with their compatriots. Mortality due to cardiovascular diseases is significantly reduced (SMR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.16–0.84, p = 0.01) among rowers. French Olympic rowers benefit of lower overall mortality compared with the French general population. Among rowers' main causes of death, cardiovascular diseases are reduced in relation to their compatriots. Analytical studies with larger samples are needed to understand the reasons for such reductions.

ACS Style

Juliana Antero-Jacquemin; François Deni Desgorces; Frédéric Dor; Adrien Sedeaud; Amal Haïda; Philippe LeVan; Jean-François Toussaint. Row for Your Life: A Century of Mortality Follow-Up of French Olympic Rowers. PLOS ONE 2014, 9, e113362 .

AMA Style

Juliana Antero-Jacquemin, François Deni Desgorces, Frédéric Dor, Adrien Sedeaud, Amal Haïda, Philippe LeVan, Jean-François Toussaint. Row for Your Life: A Century of Mortality Follow-Up of French Olympic Rowers. PLOS ONE. 2014; 9 (11):e113362.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Juliana Antero-Jacquemin; François Deni Desgorces; Frédéric Dor; Adrien Sedeaud; Amal Haïda; Philippe LeVan; Jean-François Toussaint. 2014. "Row for Your Life: A Century of Mortality Follow-Up of French Olympic Rowers." PLOS ONE 9, no. 11: e113362.

Journal article
Published: 28 February 2014 in Journal of Sports Sciences
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In a context of morphological expansion of the general population, how do athletes follow such a pattern of anthropometric growth? Is there any relation to performance? Biometric data including mass, height, body mass index (BMI) and age were collected for 50,376 American athletes representing 249,336 annual performers playing in professional baseball, football, ice hockey and basketball. Distributions by mass in National Football League (NFL) players are described by periods. Field goals have been studied in relation to players' height in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Between 1871 and 2011, athletes from the four sports have increased significantly in mass, height and BMI, following a multi-exponential function series. Consequently, biometric differences between athletes and the general population are increasing gradually. Changes in the mass distribution within the NFL show the emergence of a biometrical specificity in relation to the field position. At the professional level, performance remains structured around precise biometric values. In the NBA, a height-attractor at 201.3 ± 6.3 cm for the best scorers is invariant, regardless of the level of play. These results suggest that laws of growth and biometrics drive high-level sport and organise performance around the specific constraint of each field position. Discrepancies between some mass and height developments question the (disproportionate) large mass increase (relative to the height increase) during the 1980s and 1990s.

ACS Style

Adrien Sedeaud; Andy Marc; Julien Schipman; Karine Schaal; Mario Danial; Marion Guillaume; Geoffroy Berthelot; Jean-François Toussaint. Secular trend: morphology and performance. Journal of Sports Sciences 2014, 32, 1146 -1154.

AMA Style

Adrien Sedeaud, Andy Marc, Julien Schipman, Karine Schaal, Mario Danial, Marion Guillaume, Geoffroy Berthelot, Jean-François Toussaint. Secular trend: morphology and performance. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2014; 32 (12):1146-1154.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adrien Sedeaud; Andy Marc; Julien Schipman; Karine Schaal; Mario Danial; Marion Guillaume; Geoffroy Berthelot; Jean-François Toussaint. 2014. "Secular trend: morphology and performance." Journal of Sports Sciences 32, no. 12: 1146-1154.

Research article
Published: 25 February 2014 in PLOS ONE
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between anthropometric characteristics and performance in all track and field running events and assess Body Mass Index (BMI) as a relevant performance indicator. Data of mass, height, BMI and speed were collected for the top 100 international men athletes in track events from 100 m to marathon for the 1996–2011 seasons, and analyzed by decile of performance. Speed is significantly associated with mass (r = 0.71) and BMI (r = 0.71) in world-class runners and moderately with height (r = 0.39). Athletes, on average were continuously lighter and smaller with distance increments. In track and field, speed continuously increases with BMI. In each event, performances are organized through physique gradients. «Lighter and smaller is better» in endurance events but «heavier and taller is better» for sprints. When performance increases, BMI variability progressively tightens, but it is always centered around a distance-specific optimum. Running speed is organized through biometric gradients, which both drives and are driven by performance optimization. The highest performance level is associated with narrower biometric intervals. Through BMI indicators, diversity is possible for sprints whereas for long distance events, there is a more restrictive aspect in terms of physique. BMI is a relevant indicator, which allows for a clear differentiation of athletes' capacities between each discipline and level of performance in the fields of human possibilities.

ACS Style

Adrien Sedeaud; Andy Marc; Adrien Marck; Frédéric Dor; Julien Schipman; Maya Dorsey; Amal Haida; Geoffroy Berthelot; Jean-François Toussaint. BMI, a Performance Parameter for Speed Improvement. PLOS ONE 2014, 9, e90183 .

AMA Style

Adrien Sedeaud, Andy Marc, Adrien Marck, Frédéric Dor, Julien Schipman, Maya Dorsey, Amal Haida, Geoffroy Berthelot, Jean-François Toussaint. BMI, a Performance Parameter for Speed Improvement. PLOS ONE. 2014; 9 (2):e90183.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adrien Sedeaud; Andy Marc; Adrien Marck; Frédéric Dor; Julien Schipman; Maya Dorsey; Amal Haida; Geoffroy Berthelot; Jean-François Toussaint. 2014. "BMI, a Performance Parameter for Speed Improvement." PLOS ONE 9, no. 2: e90183.

Articles
Published: 20 September 2013 in Journal of Sports Sciences
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As opposed to many other track-and-field events, marathon performances still improve. We choose to better describe the reasons for such a progression. The 100 best marathon runners archived from January 1990 to December 2011 for men and from January 1996 to December 2011 for women were analysed. We determined the impact of historical, demographic, physiological, seasonal and environmental factors. Performances in marathons improve at every level of performance (deciles). In 2011, 94% of the 100 best men athletes were African runners; among women athletes they were 52%. Morphological indicators (stature, body mass and Body Mass Index (BMI)) have decreased. We show a parabolic function between BMI and running speed. The seasonal distribution has two peaks, in spring (weeks 14 to 17) and autumn (weeks 41 to 44). During both periods, the average temperature of the host cities varies close to optimal value for long distance race. African men and women runners are increasingly dominating the marathon and pushing its record, through optimal eco-physiological conditions.

ACS Style

Andy Marc; Adrien Sedeaud; Marion Guillaume; Melissa Rizk; Julien Schipman; Juliana Antero; Amal Haida; Geoffroy Berthelot; Jean-François Toussaint. Marathon progress: demography, morphology and environment. Journal of Sports Sciences 2013, 32, 524 -532.

AMA Style

Andy Marc, Adrien Sedeaud, Marion Guillaume, Melissa Rizk, Julien Schipman, Juliana Antero, Amal Haida, Geoffroy Berthelot, Jean-François Toussaint. Marathon progress: demography, morphology and environment. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2013; 32 (6):524-532.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andy Marc; Adrien Sedeaud; Marion Guillaume; Melissa Rizk; Julien Schipman; Juliana Antero; Amal Haida; Geoffroy Berthelot; Jean-François Toussaint. 2013. "Marathon progress: demography, morphology and environment." Journal of Sports Sciences 32, no. 6: 524-532.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2013 in The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness
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A Sedeaud; H Vidalin; M Tafflet; A Marc; J-F Toussaint. Rugby morphologies: "bigger and taller", reflects an early directional selection. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness 2013, 53, 1 .

AMA Style

A Sedeaud, H Vidalin, M Tafflet, A Marc, J-F Toussaint. Rugby morphologies: "bigger and taller", reflects an early directional selection. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness. 2013; 53 (2):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A Sedeaud; H Vidalin; M Tafflet; A Marc; J-F Toussaint. 2013. "Rugby morphologies: "bigger and taller", reflects an early directional selection." The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness 53, no. 2: 1.

Journal article
Published: 29 September 2012 in BMJ Open
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To analyse the physical fitness of a large sample of the French population across different ages. Observational cross-sectional study. Data were collected from the Athletic Track and Field Federation, which organised events dedicated to measuring physical fitness. The events took place in 22 regions between 2006 and 2010. French volunteer citizens (N=31 349) aged between 4 and 80 years old who participated in events dedicated to measuring physical fitness. We assessed the results of the following fitness tests: 20 m shuttle run, standing broad jump, repeated squat jump, 4×10 m shuttle run, speed, flexibility and push-ups in relation to age and body mass index (BMI) using Spearman's rho, a one-way analysis of variance. A bi-exponential model was used to represent the performance with age. Our major results showed higher performances for men and for subjects with normal BMI at all age groups except for the flexibility test. BMI was strongly correlated across all ages with physical fitness p<0.0001. Furthermore, through bi-exponential model, a mean peak performance was identified at 26.32 years of age for men and 22.18 years of age for women. Physical fitness assessment using a simple series of tests on the general population offers an important indicator of health status. The possibility of observing the evolution of fitness levels with time provides an important monitoring method from a public health perspective. Further research is needed to reinforce and evaluate the approach.

ACS Style

Hala Nassif; Adrien Sedeaud; Elisa Abidh; Julien Schipman; Muriel Tafflet; Thibault Deschamps; Hervé Maillet; Hervé Ovigneur; François-Denis Desgorces; Jean-François Toussaint. Monitoring fitness levels and detecting implications for health in a French population: an observational study. BMJ Open 2012, 2, e001022 .

AMA Style

Hala Nassif, Adrien Sedeaud, Elisa Abidh, Julien Schipman, Muriel Tafflet, Thibault Deschamps, Hervé Maillet, Hervé Ovigneur, François-Denis Desgorces, Jean-François Toussaint. Monitoring fitness levels and detecting implications for health in a French population: an observational study. BMJ Open. 2012; 2 (5):e001022.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hala Nassif; Adrien Sedeaud; Elisa Abidh; Julien Schipman; Muriel Tafflet; Thibault Deschamps; Hervé Maillet; Hervé Ovigneur; François-Denis Desgorces; Jean-François Toussaint. 2012. "Monitoring fitness levels and detecting implications for health in a French population: an observational study." BMJ Open 2, no. 5: e001022.

Journal article
Published: 20 February 2012 in British Journal of Sports Medicine
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Objectives To investigate the evolution of anthropometric characteristics in World Cup rugby players and identify elements associated with performance. Design Age, weight and height were collected for 2692 World Cup rugby players as well as rankings in each World Cup, and collective experience of winners, finalists, semifinalists and quarter finalists in comparison to the rest of the competitors. Anthropometric parameters were compared according to age and position (back and forwards). Results From 1987 to 2007, forwards and backs have become heavier by 6.63 and 6.68 kg and taller by 0.61 and 1.09 cm, respectively. The collective experience of the forwards' pack is a value increasing with the final ranking attained, as well as the weight of forwards and the height of backs. Conclusions For all Rugby World Cups, the highest performing teams have the tallest backs and heaviest forwards with the highest percentage of collective experience.

ACS Style

Adrien Sedeaud; Andy Marc; Julien Schipman; Muriel Tafflet; Jean-Philippe Hager; Jean-François Toussaint. How they won Rugby World Cup through height, mass and collective experience. British Journal of Sports Medicine 2012, 46, 580 -584.

AMA Style

Adrien Sedeaud, Andy Marc, Julien Schipman, Muriel Tafflet, Jean-Philippe Hager, Jean-François Toussaint. How they won Rugby World Cup through height, mass and collective experience. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2012; 46 (8):580-584.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adrien Sedeaud; Andy Marc; Julien Schipman; Muriel Tafflet; Jean-Philippe Hager; Jean-François Toussaint. 2012. "How they won Rugby World Cup through height, mass and collective experience." British Journal of Sports Medicine 46, no. 8: 580-584.