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Muhammad Aammar Tufail
Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele All'Adige, 38010, Italy

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Journal article
Published: 10 July 2021 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Pollution from potentially toxic metals (PTMs) is one of the most pressing global environmental challenge with soaring human health concerns. It is now critical to seek out effective remediation technologies to control PTMs in the terrestrial environment. Biochar has piqued the interest of researchers due to its ability to immobilize PTMs, particularly in soil, with the assumption that biochar having unique physico-chemical properties may influence PTM mobility. A meta-analysis was performed using 1503 observations extracted from 80 peer-reviewed articles to determine: (a) the effects of various physico-chemical properties of biochar on the bioavailability of PTMs (As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) in soil and plants, and (b) the best specification of physico-chemical properties of biochar for effective remediation of these PTMs. The findings revealed that the reduction rate of PTM bioavailability is heavily influenced by the physico-chemical properties of both biochar and soil. The physico-chemical parameters of biochar that have effective response to PTMs immobilization were as; 101–500 m2 g−1 surface area, neutral to alkaline pH, pyrolysis temperature > 500 °C, with best application rate of 1.1–3%. However, overall results indicate that the biochar, with given specification of physico-chemical attributes, can decrease the bioavailability of PTMs by 40% in soil and 22% in plants. Moreover, edaphic factors such as soil pH, texture, and crop type can also influence the biochar mediated PTMs adsorption and transformation under field or pot conditions. Furthermore, research gaps remain to be filled in order to investigate the efficiency, high specificity, and secondary pollution aspects of biochar, particularly on large-scale applications as an amendment for PTM remediation.

ACS Style

Abdul Rehman; Muhammad Saleem Arif; Muhammad Aammar Tufail; Sher Muhammad Shahzad; Taimoor Hassan Farooq; Waqas Ahmed; Tariq Mehmood; Muhammad Raza Farooq; Zeeshan Javed; Awais Shakoor. Biochar potential to relegate metal toxicity effects is more soil driven than plant system: A global meta-analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 316, 128276 .

AMA Style

Abdul Rehman, Muhammad Saleem Arif, Muhammad Aammar Tufail, Sher Muhammad Shahzad, Taimoor Hassan Farooq, Waqas Ahmed, Tariq Mehmood, Muhammad Raza Farooq, Zeeshan Javed, Awais Shakoor. Biochar potential to relegate metal toxicity effects is more soil driven than plant system: A global meta-analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 316 ():128276.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdul Rehman; Muhammad Saleem Arif; Muhammad Aammar Tufail; Sher Muhammad Shahzad; Taimoor Hassan Farooq; Waqas Ahmed; Tariq Mehmood; Muhammad Raza Farooq; Zeeshan Javed; Awais Shakoor. 2021. "Biochar potential to relegate metal toxicity effects is more soil driven than plant system: A global meta-analysis." Journal of Cleaner Production 316, no. : 128276.

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Published: 19 May 2021
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Bacterial endophytes are the organisms that live inside the plant for a full or a part of their life cycle. Endophytic bacteria have captured the interest of agriculture industry due to their plant beneficial properties, such as synthesis of phytohormones, solubilization of soil nutrients, and alleviation of biotic and abiotic stresses. Several studies have reported that stress tolerant endophytic bacteria can work with a similar performance as non-stressed conditions when inoculated to the plants under stressed conditions. Combination of abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought and low nitrogen stress can have additive or agonistic effects on bacterial and plant growth, and their interactions. However, very few studies have reported the impact of combined stress on endophytic bacterial assisted plant growth promotion. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms of endophytic bacterial assisted plant’s tolerance abiotic stresses may provide the means of better exploiting the beneficial abilities of endophytic bacteria in agricultural production. Thus, the aim of this thesis was to study the stress tolerance mechanisms, beneficial characteristics, and plant growth promotion characteristics of endophytic bacteria under individual and combined abiotic stresses. Transcriptome analysis of endophytic bacteria revealed that tolerance mechanisms to deal with one kind of stress is different than concurrent stresses. Salinity and drought stress largely modulated the genes involved in flagellar assembly and membrane transport, showing reduced motility under stress conditions to preserve the energy. Additionally, bacterial endophyte that can fix nitrogen was studied with maize plant growth promotion under drought and low nitrogen stress conditions. The results suggested that diazotrophic bacterial endophyte can promote plant growth under moderate individual and combined stress conditions. Plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria can be utilized as an efficient tool to increase crop production under individual and concurrent abiotic stresses.

ACS Style

Muhammad Aammar Tufail. Use of plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria to alleviate the effects of individual and combined abiotic stresses on plants as an innovative approach to discover new delivery strategies for bacterial bio-stimulants. 2021, 1 -137.

AMA Style

Muhammad Aammar Tufail. Use of plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria to alleviate the effects of individual and combined abiotic stresses on plants as an innovative approach to discover new delivery strategies for bacterial bio-stimulants. . 2021; ():1-137.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Aammar Tufail. 2021. "Use of plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria to alleviate the effects of individual and combined abiotic stresses on plants as an innovative approach to discover new delivery strategies for bacterial bio-stimulants." , no. : 1-137.

Journal article
Published: 27 April 2021 in Plants
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Intercropping is one of the most widely used agroforestry techniques, reducing the harmful impacts of external inputs such as fertilizers. It also controls soil erosion, increases soil nutrients availability, and reduces weed growth. In this study, the intercropping of peanut (Arachishypogaea L.) was done with tea plants (Camellia oleifera), and it was compared with the mono-cropping of tea and peanut. Soil health and fertility were examined by analyzing the variability in soil enzymatic activity and soil nutrients availability at different soil depths (0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, 20–30 cm, and 30–40 cm). Results showed that the peanut–tea intercropping considerably impacted the soil organic carbon (SOC), soil nutrient availability, and soil enzymatic responses at different soil depths. The activity of protease, sucrase, and acid phosphatase was higher in intercropping, while the activity of urease and catalase was higher in peanut monoculture. In intercropping, total phosphorus (TP) was 14.2%, 34.2%, 77.7%, 61.9%; total potassium (TK) was 13.4%, 20%, 27.4%, 20%; available phosphorus (AP) was 52.9%, 26.56%, 61.1%; 146.15% and available potassium (AK) was 11.1%, 43.06%, 46.79% higher than the mono-cropping of tea in respective soil layers. Additionally, available nitrogen (AN) was 51.78%, 5.92%, and 15.32% lower in the 10–20 cm, 20–30 cm, and 30–40 cm layers of the intercropping system than in the mono-cropping system of peanut. Moreover, the soil enzymatic activity was significantly correlated with SOC and total nitrogen (TN) content across all soil depths and cropping systems. The depth and path analysis effect revealed that SOC directly affected sucrase, protease, urease, and catalase enzymes in an intercropping system. It was concluded that an increase in the soil enzymatic activity in the intercropping pattern improved the reaction rate at which organic matter decomposed and released nutrients into the soil environment. Enzyme activity in the decomposition process plays a vital role in forest soil morphology and function. For efficient land use in the cropping system, it is necessary to develop coherent agroforestry practices. The results in this study revealed that intercropping certainly enhance soil nutrients status and positively impacts soil conservation.

ACS Style

Taimoor Farooq; Uttam Kumar; Jing Mo; Awais Shakoor; Jun Wang; Muhammad Rashid; Muhammad Tufail; Xiaoyong Chen; Wende Yan. Intercropping of Peanut–Tea Enhances Soil Enzymatic Activity and Soil Nutrient Status at Different Soil Profiles in Subtropical Southern China. Plants 2021, 10, 881 .

AMA Style

Taimoor Farooq, Uttam Kumar, Jing Mo, Awais Shakoor, Jun Wang, Muhammad Rashid, Muhammad Tufail, Xiaoyong Chen, Wende Yan. Intercropping of Peanut–Tea Enhances Soil Enzymatic Activity and Soil Nutrient Status at Different Soil Profiles in Subtropical Southern China. Plants. 2021; 10 (5):881.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Taimoor Farooq; Uttam Kumar; Jing Mo; Awais Shakoor; Jun Wang; Muhammad Rashid; Muhammad Tufail; Xiaoyong Chen; Wende Yan. 2021. "Intercropping of Peanut–Tea Enhances Soil Enzymatic Activity and Soil Nutrient Status at Different Soil Profiles in Subtropical Southern China." Plants 10, no. 5: 881.

Journal article
Published: 17 April 2021 in Microorganisms
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Plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria, which can fix nitrogen, plays a vital role in plant growth promotion. Previous authors have evaluated the effect of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus Pal5 inoculation on plants subjected to different sources of abiotic stress on an individual basis. The present study aimed to appraise the effect of G. diazotrophicus inoculation on the amelioration of the individual and combined effects of drought and nitrogen stress in maize plants (Zea mays L.). A pot experiment was conducted whereby treatments consisted of maize plants cultivated under drought stress, in soil with a low nitrogen concentration and these two stress sources combined, with and without G. diazotrophicus seed inoculation. The inoculated plants showed increased plant biomass, chlorophyll content, plant nitrogen uptake, and water use efficiency. A general increase in copy numbers of G. diazotrophicus, based on 16S rRNA gene quantification, was detected under combined moderate stress, in addition to an increase in the abundance of genes involved in N fixation (nifH). Endophytic colonization of bacteria was negatively affected by severe stress treatments. Overall, G. diazotrophicus Pal5 can be considered as an effective tool to increase maize crop production under drought conditions with low application of nitrogen fertilizer.

ACS Style

Muhammad Tufail; María Touceda-González; Ilaria Pertot; Ralf-Udo Ehlers. Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus Pal5 Enhances Plant Robustness Status under the Combination of Moderate Drought and Low Nitrogen Stress in Zea mays L. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 870 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Tufail, María Touceda-González, Ilaria Pertot, Ralf-Udo Ehlers. Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus Pal5 Enhances Plant Robustness Status under the Combination of Moderate Drought and Low Nitrogen Stress in Zea mays L. Microorganisms. 2021; 9 (4):870.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Tufail; María Touceda-González; Ilaria Pertot; Ralf-Udo Ehlers. 2021. "Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus Pal5 Enhances Plant Robustness Status under the Combination of Moderate Drought and Low Nitrogen Stress in Zea mays L." Microorganisms 9, no. 4: 870.