The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica Stainton (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was determined as a circular

Hemibagrus nemurus (Valenciennes, 1840) is a kind of tropical freshwater catfish which is native to Asian waters. It is economically valued for its importance in fisheries and aquaculture. At present, there exist some confusion in species identification in Bagridae. In this paper, we sequenced and characterize the complete mitogenome of H. nemurus. The genome was 16,526 bp in length, and typically consists of 37 genes, including 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNAs, 22 tRNA, 1 origin of replication on the light-strand (O_L) and a single large control region (CR). The gene organization is identical to that of a typical bony fish. The overall base composition was 31.5%, 26.6%, 26.7%, and 15.2% for A, T, C, and G, respectively, with a slight bias on AT content (58.1%). This result is expected to provide useful molecular data and contribute to further taxonomic and phylogenetic studies of Hemibagrus and Bagridae.

The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Biston thoracicaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) is 15,538 bp in length, containing 13 PCGs, 22 tRNAs, two rRNAs, and an A + T-rich region. All PCGs initiate with typical start codon of ATN and share the complete stop codon of TAA, whereas cox1 starts with CGA. The ML analysis was performed using a dataset matrix containing 13 PCGs concatenated from the mitogenomes of Geometridae species. Our study presented the phylogenetic relationship of (Larentiinae + ((Sterrhinae + (Ennominae + Geometrinae))). Within the genera Biston, B. thoracicaria grouped with other species as the sister group.

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of Hestina persimilis and Hestinalis nama (Nymphalidae: Apaturinae) were acquired. The mitogenomes of H. persimilis and H. nama are 15,252 bp and 15,208 bp in length, respectively. These two mitogenomes have the typical composition, including 37 genes and a control region. The start codons of the protein-coding genes (PCGs) in the two mitogenomes are the typical codon pattern ATN, except CGA in the cox1 gene. Twenty-one tRNA genes show a typical clover leaf structure, however, trnS1(AGN) lacks the dihydrouridine (DHU) stem. The secondary structures of rrnL and rrnS of two species were predicted, and there are several new stem loops near the 5′ of rrnL secondary structure. Based on comparative genomic analysis, four similar conservative structures can be found in the control regions of these two mitogenomes. The phylogenetic analyses were performed on mitogenomes of Nymphalidae. The phylogenetic trees show that the relationships among Nymphalidae are generally identical to previous studies, as follows: Libytheinae\Danainae + ((Calinaginae + Satyrinae) + Danainae\Libytheinae + ((Heliconiinae + Limenitidinae) + (Nymphalinae + (Apaturinae + Biblidinae)))). Hestinalisnama is apart from Hestina, and closely related to Apatura, forming monophyly.