In our previous work, the partitions (1 mg/mL) of Ageratum conyzoides (AC) aerial parts and Ixora coccinea (IC) leaves showed inhibitions of 94% and 96%, respectively, whereas their fractions showed IC₅₀ 43 and 116 µg/mL, respectively, toward Matrix Metalloproteinase9 (MMP9), an enzyme that catalyzes a proteolysis of extracellular matrix. In this present study, we performed IC₅₀ determinations for AC n-hexane, IC n-hexane, and IC ethylacetate partitions, followed by the cytotoxicity study of individual partitions against MDA-MB-231, 4T1, T47D, MCF7, and Vero cell lines. Successive fractionations from AC n-hexane and IC ethylacetate partitions led to the isolation of two compounds, oxytetracycline (OTC) and dioctyl phthalate (DOP). The result showed that AC n-hexane, IC n-hexane, and IC ethylacetate partitions inhibit MMP9 with their respective IC₅₀ as follows: 246.1 µg/mL, 5.66 µg/mL, and 2.75 × 10⁻² µg/mL. Toward MDA-MB-231, 4T1, T47D, and MCF7, AC n-hexane demonstrated IC₅₀ 2.05, 265, 109.70, and 2.11 µg/mL, respectively, whereas IC ethylacetate showed IC₅₀ 1.92, 57.5, 371.5, and 2.01 µg/mL, respectively. The inhibitions toward MMP9 by OTC were indicated by its IC₅₀ 18.69 µM, whereas DOP was inactive. A molecular docking study suggested that OTC prefers to bind to PEX9 rather than its catalytic domain. Against 4T1, OTC showed inhibition with IC₅₀ 414.20 µM. In conclusion, this study furtherly supports the previous finding that AC and IC are two herbals with potential to be developed as triple-negative anti-breast cancer agents.

To discover novel antimalarial and anticancer compounds, we carried out a genome analysis, bioassay, metabolite profiling, and molecular docking of marine sediment actinobacteria strain GMY01. The whole-genome sequence analysis revealed that Streptomyces sp. GMY01 (7.9 Mbp) is most similar to Streptomyces sennicomposti strain RCPT1-4^T with an average nucleotide identity (ANI) and ANI based on BLAST+ (ANIb) values of 98.09 and 97.33% (>95%). An in vitro bioassay of the GMY01 bioactive on Plasmodium falciparum FCR3, cervical carcinoma of HeLa cell and lung carcinoma of HTB cells exhibited moderate activity (IC₅₀ value of 46.06; 27.31 and 33.75 µg/mL) with low toxicity on Vero cells as a normal cell (IC₅₀ value of 823.3 µg/mL). Metabolite profiling by LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that the active fraction of GMY01 contained carbohydrate-based compounds, C17H29NO14 (471.15880 Da) as a major compound (97.50%) and mannotriose (C18H32O16; 504.16903 Da, 1.96%) as a minor compound. Molecular docking analysis showed that mannotriose has a binding affinity on glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) of P. falciparum and on autophagy proteins (mTORC1 and mTORC2) of cancer cells. Streptomyces sennicomposti GMY01 is a potential bacterium producing carbohydrate-based bioactive compounds with anti-plasmodial and anticancer activities and with low toxicity to normal cells.

Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancer suffered in women. Chemotherapy usage often causes physical and psychological side effects in patients. This study aims to determine the antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of the ethyl acetate fraction of melinjo seeds (Gnetum gnemon L.) on HeLa cervical cancer cells through in vitro and in silico assays. Melinjo seed was extracted by maceration using ethanol 70% and fractionated with ethyl acetate to obtain the Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Melinjo Seed (EAFMS). The identification of the active compounds group was done using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method. In vitro studies were conducted on antioxidant tests using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and cytotoxic activity test using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) Assay. In silico test for molecular docking analyzed by Autodock Vina method. The TLC analysis of EAFMS showed the presence of the stilbenoid compounds group. The antioxidant activity of EAFMS is weak, with an IC₅₀ value of 175.8 g/ml. Cytotoxic activity of EAFMS is categorized as toxic to HeLa cancer cells with an IC₅₀ value of 21.69 g/ml, while EAFMS has a synergistic effect combined with doxorubicin as a standard drug with a combination index (CI) value of 0.24-0.80. A molecular docking test of gnetin C with VHR receptor found a strong and stable bond with a docking score of -8.3 kcal/mol. Thus, EAFMS has the potential to be used as a chemopreventive agent for cervical cancer and can be combined with doxorubicin.

Cervical cancer maintains its second-place ranking for Indonesia's highest number of cancer cases. In 2021, there were 36,633 cases of cervical cancer in Indonesia, with a rising death rate. Commonly, chemotherapy is used to treat cervical cancer and can improve the survival chances of patients, but these therapies imply increased toxicity. Biflavonoid group compounds like amentoflavone and 3,8-Biapigenin have the potential to act as anticancer agents by modulating multiple signaling pathways. This study aims to determine the cervical anticancer potential of amentoflavone and 3,8-Biapigenin based on in silico study. Prediction of anticancer activity in silico using Prediction of Activity Spectra for Active Substances (PASS) online, followed by target protein tracing using STITCH-STRING, then receptor analysis test using Ramachandran plot. A molecular docking test was conducted to determine the binding affinity of the compound with the receptor. Based on the online PASS, the compounds as thought to have low cervical anticancer potential if tested on a laboratory scale. STAT3, EP300, CYP1A1, and AKR1C1 proteins used in this study have met the requirements of a suitable receptor for molecular docking test. The best binding affinity was obtained at the interaction of amentoflavone and STAT3 with a better docking score (-9.3 kcal/mol) than doxorubicin (-7.1 kcal/mol). Overall, the results suggest biflavonoid compounds have the potential to be developed as a chemopreventive agent for cervical cancer.Keywords: bioinformatics, molecular docking, amentoflavone, 3,8-Biapigenin, cervical cancer protein.

Background: Human organ systems can experience the aging process, one of which is the aging of the skin, characterized by dry, rough, or scaly skin, dullness, dark spots, and wrinkles. Previous studies have found that fig leaves contain compounds that have the potential to be anti-aging. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the potential of fig leaves (Ficus carica Linn) as an anti-aging agent by examining their antioxidant activity, elastase inhibition, and antioxidative stress activity against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Materials and Methods: The phytochemicals in fig leaf ethanol extract were identified using phytochemical screening tests, the thin layer chromatography (TLC) method compared with the retention factor standard value, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The antioxidant activity was completed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhydrazyl (DPPH) radical capture method with quercetin comparison. Furthermore, the skin degradation enzyme inhibition test (antiaging) was carried out by inhibiting the enzyme elastase using Human Neutrophil Elastase. Meanwhile, the cell viability test of fig leaf ethanol extract against Human Dermal Fibroblast adult (HDFa) cells utilized the MTT assay method. Results: It showed that fig leaf ethanol extract contained saponins, tannins, alkaloids, steroids, and flavonoids. Within the TLC test, fig leaf ethanol extract showed the presence of flavonoid compounds. Furthermore, the analysis of GC-MS reveals that fig leaves contain ficusin and methoxsalen. Fig leaf ethanol extract had a weak antioxidant activity with IC50 of 204.69 μg/mL compared to quercetin with IC50 of 6.37 μg/mL. Ethanolic extract of fig leaf was proven to inhibit elastase enzyme activity with a percentage of inhibition at 50 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL, and 200 μg/mL concentrations at 60%, 60%, and 40%, respectively. The HDFa cell viability test showed that ethanol extract from fig leaf could affect maintained HDFa cell viability against exposure to H2O2 at a concentration of 31.25, 250, 500, and 1000 μg/mL.Conclusion: The results indicate that the ethanolic extract of fig leaf exhibits antiaging property.

Breast cancer, the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women with 685,000 deaths in 2020. Exploring natural compounds with minimal side effects has emerged as a potential treatment. However, utilizing natural substances faces challenges, such as poor bioavailability, requiring technologies like nanotechnology to enhance absorption. This study focuses on evaluating Ethanol Extract of Selaginella doederleinii (EESD) as an anticancer against MCF-7, both in silico, in vitro methode and develop a formulation of EESD nanoparticle effervescent granules. This study commenced with extraction, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) identification, in silico studies, namely bioinformatics and molecular docking, 3-(4,-5-dimethylthiazo-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) Assay tests on MCF-7, and the formulation of nanoparticle preparations. EESD was extracted using the maceration method, resulting in an extract weighing 103.5 grams with a 6.9% yield. GC-MS identified three major compounds—cyclopentadecanoic, 2-hydroxy; hexadecanoic acid; and 9-octadecanoid, methyl ester. Bioinformatics revealed interactions with specific protein targets, and molecular docking indicated hexadecanoic acid's superior binding to TP53, surpassing paclitaxel at -8.7 kcal/mol. This suggests its potential to modulate TP53, impacting P53's role in impeding cancer cell growth. EESD exhibited an IC50 of 215μg/mL, signifying moderate cytotoxicity. In formulating nanoparticle effervescent granules, five formulas were transformed into nanoparticles and underwent organoleptic, pH, granule dissolution, and water content evaluations. Formula I is the formula that best meets the criteria with a pH of 6.55, granule dissolution <5 minutes, and water content <4%. The research results indicate that EESD shows anticancer activity against MCF-7 and this study has successfully developed a formula of nanoparticle from EESD in effervescent granule form. Keywords: Selaginella doederleinii, breast cancer, co-Cemotheraphy, MCF-7 Cell, in silico.