Black-phase formamidinium lead iodide (α-FAPbI ₃ ) perovskites are the desired phase for photovoltaic applications, but water can trigger formation of photoinactive impurity phases such as δ-FAPbI ₃ . We show that the classic solvent system for perovskite fabrication exacerbates this reproducibility challenge. The conventional coordinative solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) promoted δ-FAPbI ₃ formation under high relative humidity (RH) conditions because of its hygroscopic nature. We introduced chlorine-containing organic molecules to form a capping layer that blocked moisture penetration while preserving DMSO-based complexes to regulate crystal growth. We report power conversion efficiencies of >24.5% for perovskite solar cells fabricated across an RH range of 20 to 60%, and 23.4% at 80% RH. The unencapsulated device retained 96% of its initial performance in air (with 40 to 60% RH) after 500-hour maximum power point operation.

Oriented nanoplatelets improve light extraction, enabling perovskite light-emitting diodes with high efficiency.

Two‐dimensional (2D) materials are highly sensitive to substrates, interfaces, and the surrounding environments. Suspended 2D materials are free from substrate‐induced effects, thus an ideal approach to study their intrinsic properties. However, it is very challenging to prepare large‐area suspended 2D materials with high efficiency. Here we report a universal method, based on pretreatments of densely patterned hole array substrates with either oxygen‐plasma or gold film deposition, to prepare large‐area suspended mono‐ and few‐layer 2D materials. Multiple structural, optical, and electrical characterization tools were used to fully evaluate the improved performance of various suspended 2D layers. Some of these observations reported in this study are: (1) Observation of a new Raman low frequency mode for the suspended MoS₂; (2) Significantly stronger photoluminescence (PL) and second harmonic generation (SHG) signals of suspended WSe₂, which enables the study of new optical transition processes; (3) The low energy electron diffraction pattern on suspended MoS₂ also exhibits much sharper spots than that on the supported area; and (4) The mobility of suspended graphene device approaches 300 000 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹, which is desirable to explore the intrinsic properties of graphene. This work provides an innovative and efficient route for fabricating suspended 2D materials, and we expect that it can be broadly used for studying intrinsic properties of 2D materials and in applications of hybrid active nanophotonic and electronic devices. image