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Dr. Haiyan Zhao
University of Idaho

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0 Electrochemistry
0 Renewable Energy
0 chemical engineering and materials science
0 Advanced characterization
0 Catalysis & catalytic materials

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Journal article
Published: 27 April 2021 in Electrochem
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The electrolytic reduction of TiO2 in LiCl–Li2O (1 wt.%) at 650 °C was investigated under a series of cathodic reduction potentials and applied charges to provide a mechanistic understanding of the electrochemical characteristics of the system. The optimal cathodic reduction potential was determined as being −0.3 V vs. Li/Li+. Li2TiO3 and LiTiO2 were structurally identified as intermediate and partial reduction products of the TiO2 electrolytic reduction. The reduction of LiTiO2 was extremely slow and reversible due to its high stability and the detrimental effect of Li2O accumulation within the solid particles. The most reduced product obtained in this study was LiTiO2, which was achieved when using 150% of the theoretical charge under the optimal reduction potential. The highest reduction extent obtained in this study was 25%. Based on theoretical DFT modeling, a detailed multistep reduction mechanism and scheme were proposed for TiO2 electrolytic reduction in LiCl–Li2O (1 wt.%) at 650 °C.

ACS Style

Meng Shi; Bin Liu; Shelly Li; Haiyan Zhao. Electrolytic Reduction of Titanium Dioxide in Molten LiCl–Li2O. Electrochem 2021, 2, 224 -235.

AMA Style

Meng Shi, Bin Liu, Shelly Li, Haiyan Zhao. Electrolytic Reduction of Titanium Dioxide in Molten LiCl–Li2O. Electrochem. 2021; 2 (2):224-235.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Meng Shi; Bin Liu; Shelly Li; Haiyan Zhao. 2021. "Electrolytic Reduction of Titanium Dioxide in Molten LiCl–Li2O." Electrochem 2, no. 2: 224-235.

Journal article
Published: 26 March 2021 in Electrochem
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The electrodeposition of Al was investigated in an ionic liquid (IL), with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroaluminate ([EMIm]AlCl4) as the electrolyte with AlCl3 precursor. The [EMIm]AlCl4 electrolyte exhibited a wide and stable electrochemical window from 3.2 to 2.3 V on a glassy carbon electrode when temperature was increased from 30 °C to 110 °C. The addition of AlCl3 into [EMIm]AlCl4 generated significant well-developed nucleation growth loops, and new coupled reduction and oxidation peaks in cyclic voltammograms corresponding to the Al deposition and dissolution, respectively. A calculation model was proposed predicting compositions of anions in AlCl3/[EMIm]AlCl4 system, and [Al2Cl7]− was found to be the active species for Al deposition. In AlCl3/[EMIm]AlCl4 (1:5), the reduction rate constants were 1.18 × 10−5 cm s−1 and 3.37 × 10−4 cm s−1 at 30 °C and 110 °C, respectively. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) microscope results showed that the metallic Al film had been successfully deposited on glassy carbon electrodes through constant-potential cathodic reductions. The [EMIm]AlCl4 was a promising electrolyte directly used for Al deposition.

ACS Style

Meng Shi; Junhua Jiang; Haiyan Zhao. Electrodeposition of Aluminum in the 1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Tetrachloroaluminate Ionic Liquid. Electrochem 2021, 2, 185 -196.

AMA Style

Meng Shi, Junhua Jiang, Haiyan Zhao. Electrodeposition of Aluminum in the 1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Tetrachloroaluminate Ionic Liquid. Electrochem. 2021; 2 (2):185-196.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Meng Shi; Junhua Jiang; Haiyan Zhao. 2021. "Electrodeposition of Aluminum in the 1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Tetrachloroaluminate Ionic Liquid." Electrochem 2, no. 2: 185-196.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in ECS Meeting Abstracts
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Electrochemical reductions of metal oxides were investigated in molten salt electrolyte consisting of Li2O and LiCl at 650 °C with a three-electrode electrochemical cell, namely, a fuel basket cathode loaded with metal oxides (TiO2, NO, etc.), a glassy carbon crucible anode, and a Ni/NiO reference electrode. Reductions were carried out in an interrupted mode at various cathodic potentials and total applied charges. Current-time profiles were recorded during reductions, where current increase and decrease indicated formation and reduction of lithium intermediates. Reduction pathways have been derived by analyzing reduced products with X-ray diffraction (XRD). It is shown that the reductions follow a stage-wise reaction process with intermediates such as LiTiO2 in TiO2 reduction, and different metal oxides reductions follow different reduction routes. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) of lithium salts were measured before and after reductions. The possibility of reutilizing salts after reductions is determined by comparing CV measurements before and after reductions, and the results are different for reduction of different metal oxides. It is found that a higher applied reduction potential (in magnitude), more charges and fresh lithium electrolyte are preferred in metal oxides reductions. Moreover, one of the keys to improve reduction efficiency is discussed to be the enhancement of oxygen diffusion outward the fuel basket.

ACS Style

Meng Shi; Shelly Li; Haiyan Zhao. Electrochemical Reduction of Metal Oxides. ECS Meeting Abstracts 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Meng Shi, Shelly Li, Haiyan Zhao. Electrochemical Reduction of Metal Oxides. ECS Meeting Abstracts. 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Meng Shi; Shelly Li; Haiyan Zhao. 2018. "Electrochemical Reduction of Metal Oxides." ECS Meeting Abstracts , no. : 1.